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A (English, French m.) first letter of the Latin alphabet A after Vladimír Altner, the cataloguer of music by Frantisek Xaver Dusek (1731-1799) also AV or MvA, after Erich H. Müller von Asow (1892-1964), the cataloguer of music by Richard Strauss (1864-1949) after Gerhard Allroggen, the cataloguer of music by Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffman (1776-1822) A abbreviation of 'ampere' (English, French: unit of electrical current), 'alto' (contralto voice), Alt (German m.: contralto voice) or altus (Latin), for example, in Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass, the four voices in a choir, abbreviation of 'antiphon', 'advanced' (as in A level) A the highest category of marks in an examination, etc. A the first section, i.e. the A section, of a piece of music in binary form, ternary form, etc. A an ISO system of finished printing trimmed paper sizes A0 841 x 1189 mm A1 594 x 841 mm A2 420 x 594 mm A3 297 x 420 mm A4 210 x 297 mm A5 148 x 210 mm A6 105 x 148 mm A7 74 x 105 mm A8 52 x 74 mm A9 37 x 52 mm A10 26 x 37 mm A, a (English, German n.) the name of the scale note, the sixth in the scale of C major (the submediant), commonly used to set the pitch of a musical instrument or of an orchestra (concert A which is a', A4 or la3 having a frequency of 440 Hz, where Hz is the unit of frequency equivalent to one cycle per second) and which in 'fixed do' solfeggio is called la or lah A (musical note) A   in music theory, A stands for the A-major triad a   in music theory, a stands for the a-minor triad a in right-hand guitar notation, a lower case 'a' indicates the use of the ring finger or anular (Spanish) a abbreviation of 'alto' (instrument) a (Italian) at, by, for, in, to, with, in the manner of when used in the title of a piece of music, a followed by a number indicates the number of parts (voices) in the piece, as for example Magnificat a 5 would be a Magnificat with five distinct vocal or instrument parts [entry provided by Ed Batutis] a (Spanish) in, at (for example a 5 km: 5 km away), to (direction), at (for example, a las 2: at 2 o'clock; a los 25 años (edad): at the age of 25), to, until, on (for example, a 28 de febrero: on the 28th of February), later, by, for (price), at à (French) by, for, in, to, at, with, in the manner of, in the style of when used in the title of a piece of music, à followed by a number indicates the number of parts (voices) in the piece, as for example Magnificat à 5 would be a Magnificat with five distinct vocal or instrument parts [entry provided by Ed Batutis] a. abbreviation of ante (Latin: before), abendfüllend (German: concert length (work)) a- (prefix: also an- before a vowel) not, without (for example, amoral) A1 originally a reference to the Lloyd's Register of Shipping classification indicating that the hull of a ship is in 'excellent condition' but nowdays used more generally about the condition of any object a 2 abbreviation of a due (Italian: for two, a reference to two instruments or two voices) à 2 abbreviation of à deux (French: for two, a reference to two instruments or two voices) a.a. in typography, abbreviation of 'author's alteration' AA in typography, abbreviation of 'author's alteration' abbreviation of 'Associate of the Arts' AABA symbolising a variant of ABA, also called 'song form', where the first section, A, is played twice before the middle section B, and a third time to conclude the piece AAC acronym for the 'American Artists' Congress'. In the early 1930s, the Popular Front and the American Communist Party issued a call for intellectuals, artists, and writers to form local groups to fight the spread of Fascism. In 1936, in response to this call, the American Artists' Congress was founded by a group of New York artists, including Adolph Dehn, Louis Lozowick, Moses Soyer and Harry Sternberg Aachen Cathedral frequently referred to as the "Imperial Cathedral" (in German: Kaiserdom), a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany. The church is the oldest cathedral in northern Europe and was known as the "Royal Church of St. Mary at Aachen" during the Middle Ages. For 600 years, from 936 to 1531, the Aachen chapel was the church of coronation for 30 German kings and 12 queens Aachen Cathedral from which this extract has been taken Aak (Korea) Confucian temple music Aak (Confucian temple music) Aak aalglatt (German) slippery, slick, greasy (figurative), suave (pejorative), suavely (pejorative), silky (figurative) aalglatt Art (German f.) slipperiness (figurative) aalglattes Wesen (German n.) oiliness (figurative - of a person) A & R acronym for 'artist and repertoire', the record label department in charge of finding, developing, and signing new bands or artists Aanhangsel (Dutch) (of a book) appendix, appendice (French m., Italian f.), Anhang (German m.), apéndice (Spanish m.) aan het einde (Dutch) at the end aanhouden (Dutch) to sustain doorklinken (meaning to sustain) is used for the passive 'sounding on' or 'reverberation' of percussion or a piano with the sustaining pedal depressed, while aanhouden (also meaning to sustain) is used for the active continuation of a note on strings or wind, where the player continues to generate the tone [clarification by Peter Nilsson] Ääni (Finnish) tone, note (Finnish) voice, as in a polyphonic composition Ääni ääntä vastaan (Finnish) counterpoint Ääniala (Finnish) ambit, ambitus Aanslag (Dutch m.) attack (battery, assult), attempt, touch (one of the senses), appraisal, assessment (judgement), scale (fish), scum, tarnish, stain Aantekening (Dutch) note (in a book) Aanvulling (Dutch) supplement Aanzet (Dutch) attack Aanzetstuk (van instrumente) (Dutch) extension Aaron (English, German m.) brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites (Exodus 4:14) Aaroubi an evolved form of al-andalous, classical music that comes from Algiers Aarvak (Old Norse) in Scandinavian mythology, the horse that pulled the chariot of the Sun, driven by the maiden Sol Aarvak aarzelen (Dutch) to hesitate AAS abbreviation of 'Associates in Arts and Sciences' aasig (German) horrible, disgusting (smell), mean, malicious aasig kalt (German) damned cold (colloquial) AAVE abbreviation of 'African American Vernacular English' Aaya North-American vessel rattle Vessel Rattle (aaya), probably Hopi people, Arizona, United States, about 1900 ab (German) from, off, away, departs as of, as from used in German organ music to disengage a stop previously on, or as in Sordinen ab (German: 'mutes off') see 'cancel' (Latin) from, for example ab ovo (Latin: from the egg) ab. abbreviation of 'abridgement' ab- (prefix) off, away, from AB a musical form that has two sections, A followed by B, also called 'binary form' ABA symbolising ternary form in which the first section A precedes and follows a second section B, a form so common in classical song that is is also called 'song form' ab absurdo (Latin, 'from the absurd') establishing the validity of one's argument by pointing out the absurdity of your opponent's position ABACA also called 'rondo' form, with three sections A, B and C Abaco (Italian m.) abacus, Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.), ábaco (Spanish m.) Ábaco (Spanish m.) abacus, abaco (Italian m.), Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.) Abacuá or abakuá or abakwa, the musical styles of the Abacuá people and folkloric ensembles greatly influencing Cuban secular forms such as rumba Abakua Abacus (Greek, a reference to abax, a board covered in sand on which calculations can be traced) abaco (Italian m.), Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), Abakus (German m.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.), ábaco (Spanish m.), a counting device traditionally consisting of a frame holding rods on which ten beads can slide. Each rod indicates a power of 10 (thus 1, 10, 100, etc.) Abacus harmonicus an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument in order to produce the necessary musical scales, etc., described by Athanasius Kircher (1601/2-1680) Abacus Pythagoricus a multiplication table believed to have been invented by Pythagoras Abad (Spanish m.) abbot, abate (Italian m.), abbé (French m.), Abt (German m.) Abadejo (Spanish m.) cod (fish) Abadesa (Spanish f.) abbess, badessa (Italian f.), abbesse (French f.), Äbtin (German f.), Äbtissin (German f.) Abadia (Spanish f.) abbey, abbazia (Italian f.), Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.) ab aeterno (Latin) from the beginning of time abafado (Portuguese) muted Abaimajani a rhythmic a cappella song of the Garifuna of Honduras and Belize abaissé (m.), abaissée (f.) (French) flattened, lowered, droopy Abaisse-langue (French m.) tongue depressor, an instrument for pressing down the tongue (medical) Abaissement (French m.) drop, fall, depression, humiliation, abasement, lowering, decay, curtailment Abaissement de la main (French m.) abbassamento di mano (Italian), the lowering of the conductor's hand at the beginning of a bar (or measure) abaisser (French) to let down, to let fall, to lower, to diminish, to bring down (prices), to reduce, to pull down, to push down, to humiliate, to make lower, to cut up abaisser, s' see s'abaisser abaixo (Portuguese) below, underneath Abajeños folk music of the Perépecha of Mexico abajo (Spanish) below, down, downstairs abajo de (Spanish) under abajo de la cama (Spanish) under the bed abajo encontrara la descripcion de (Spanish) below, you will find a description of ¡abajo la dictadura! (Spanish) down with the dictatorship! Abakuá see abacuá Abakus (German m.) abacus Abakwa see abacuá abalanzare sobre ... (Spanish) to leap on ... (somebody, something) abalanzarse (Spanish) to rush towards Abalone or 'mother of pearl', a shell material commonly used on instrument inlays Abalorio (Spanish m.) glass bead (necklace, etc.), trinket (small ornamental item) abalourdir (French) to make dull, to make stupid Abalourdissement (French m.) rendering dull or stupid, dullness, stupidity a ballata (Italian) in the style of a dance, in the ballad style, wie eine Ballade (German), tanzliedartig (German), im Charakter der Ballata (German), comme une ballade (French) abänderbar (German) alterable, modifiable, changeable Abanderado (m.), Abanderado (f.) (Spanish) standard-bearer, standard bearer, champion abanderar (Spanish) to register (boat), to lead (rebellion) abändern (German) to mutate, to revise, to vary, to amend, to modify, to change, to correct, to alter abändernd (German) altering Abänderung (German f.) modification, alteration, amendment Abänderungsantrag (s.), Abänderungsanträge (pl.) (German m.) amendment abänderungsfähig (German) changeable Abandon (French m.) desertion, abandonment, neglected state, resignation (acceptance) to abort (when exiting a computer program), to yield to a passion or to another's control abandon, avec (French) or, in Italian, con abbandono, (play) with feeling, (play) without restraint, (play) with passion abandonado (m.), abandonada (f.) (Spanish) deserted, abandoned (person, dog, etc.), neglected, untidy, unkempt abandonar (Spanish) to leave, to abandon, to desert, to retire from, to pull out of, to resign, to concead defeat abandonar a ... a su suerte (Spanish) to leave ... to his fate abandonarse (Spanish) to abandon oneself (to something), to let oneself go, to give in Abandon de poste (French m.) abandonment of service Abandoned deserted, forsaken, unrestrained, profligate Abandonment freedom from inhibitions, dissoluteness abandonnant (French) abandoning abandonné (m.), abandonnée (f.) (French) negligent, free-and-easy, relaxed, shameless, graceless, profligate, forsaken, disused, derelict (abandonded), abandoned, helpless, marooned Abandonnement (French m.) freedom from inhibitions, dissoluteness, profligacy abandonner (French) to give up, to hand over, to surrender, to renounce, to forsake, to desert, to throw over, to turn one's back on, to abandon, to leave, to quit (to give up), to neglect, to drop, to retire, to relinquish, to maroon (on an island) abandonner à la dérive (French) to turn adrift abandonner la partie (French) to throw in one's hand abandonner se prétentions (French) to renounce one's claims abandonnieren (German) to abandon Abandono (Spanish m.) abandonment, withdrawal, retirement, resignation, neglect, giving up, carelessness, abandon Abandono del hogar (Spanish m.) desertion abanicar (Spanish) to fan abanicarse (Spanish) to fan oneself Abanico (Spanish m.) fan, range (figurative: as in, a range of possibilities) (Spanish m.) a stylised roll played by the timbalero usually to signify a change in the music (i.e. from verse to chorus) (Spanish m.) a word used to describe the timbales figure (roll and accent) played to introduce or close sections and to setup various ensemble passages Abanico de emociones (Spanish m.) range of emotions Abanico de mano (Spanish m.) fan Abanico de posibilidades (Spanish m.) a range of possibilities Abaniqueo (Spanish m.) fanning Abaque (s.), Abaques (pl.) (French m.) abacus (s.), abaci (pl.), abacuses (pl.) (French m.) counting-frame (a mechanical aid used for counting) in architecture, a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell, whose chief function is to provide a large supporting surface (wider than the capital) to receive the weight of the arch or the architrave above. The diminutive of 'abacus', 'abaculus', is used to describe small mosaic tiles, also called 'abaciscus' or 'tessera', used to create ornamental floors with detailed patterns of chequers or squares in a tessellated pavement Abaratamiento (Spanish m.) reduction (in price) abaratar (Spanish) to reduce (prices), to make cheaper, to reduce the price of abaratarse (Spanish) to come down (prices), to drop (prices), to become cheaper, to come down in price Abarbeiten (German n.) machining (removing of material as on a lathe, a milling machine, etc.) abarbeiten (German) to process, to handle Abarbeitung (German f.) processing Abarbeitungsfolge (German f.) sequence of operations Abarbeitungszeit (German f.) processing time Abarca (Spanish f.) sandal abarcar (Spanish) to put one's arms around, to embrace, to span (to cover), to cover (to span), to cope with, to encircle (with arms, hand, etc.), to monopolise (Latin America) abarcó varios temas (Spanish) ranged over many topics Abarognotic (medicine) lack of ability to estimate the weight of an object one is holding abarquillado (m.), abarquillada (f.) (Spanish) warped, bent, curved abarquillar (Spanish) to warp, to bend, to curve abarquillarse (Spanish) to warp, to curl up (page, cover of a book) abarrotaba el teatro, el público (Spanish) the theatre was packed (with people) abarrotado (m.), abarrotada (f.) (Spanish) packed, crammed abarrotado de (m.), abarrotada de (f.) (Spanish) packed with, crammed with abarrotar (Spanish) to pack full, to cram, to overfill Abarrotería (Spanish f. - Latin American) grocery store, grocer's (shop), hardware store Abarrotero (m.), Abarrotera (f.) (Spanish - Latin American) storekeeper, shopkeeper Abarrotes (Spanish m.) groceries, grocery store, grocer's (shop) Abart (German f.) modification, variety Abart des gleichen Modells (German f.) version of the same model abartig (German) abnormal, deviant Abartigkeit (German f.) deviancy (characteristic), abnormality a barullo (Spanish) galore à bas ...! (French) down with ...! a base de (Spanish) thanks to, by means of a base de bien (Spanish) very well a base di (Italian) containing Abashed embarrassed, disconcerted Abasia inability to walk abasourdi (m.), abasourdie (f.) (French) thunderstruck abasourdir (French) to stun (to stupify), to bewilder, to dumbfound, to stupify, to daze, to deafen temporarily Abasourdissement (French m.) bewilderment, stupifaction a bassa voce (Italian) to speak in a low or damped voice, mit leiser Stimme (German), leise (German) Abastecedor (m.), Abastecedora (f.) (Spanish) supplier abastecer (de) (Spanish) to supply with abastecerse (de) (Spanish) to stock up (with), to stock up (on) Abastecimiento (Spanish m.) supply, supplying Abastecimiento de agua (Spanish m.) supply of water Abasto (s.), Abastos (pl.) (Spanish m.) supply, basic provisions abâtardir (French) to cause to degenerate, to debase, to bastardise Abâtardissement (French m.) degeneration, debasement Abate (English) make or become less strong, diminish, as for example 'noise abatement' meaning 'noise reduction' (Italian m., Spanish m.) abbot, abad (Spanish m.), abbé (French m.), Abt (German m.), father (title of an abbot) abatible (Spanish) reclining, folding, collapsible Abatic of or relating to abasia (inability to walk) abatido (m.), abatida (f.) (Spanish) dejected, depressed, downhearted Abatimiento (Spanish m.) depression, dejection, despondency, overthrow, killing, crumbling down abatir (Spanish) to bring down (plane), to knock down (wall, building), to demolish, to pull down (building, etc.), to fell (tree), to recline, to fold down, to depress, to dishearten, to humiliate (figurative) abatirse (Spanish) to get depressed, to befall ..., to swoop abatirse sobre (Spanish) to swoop on Abat-jour (s.), Abat-jours (pl.) (French m.) a skylight, a device that is used to deflect daylight downward as it streams through a window, a shutter or awning used to exclude daylight (French m.) lamp-shade, lampshade à bâtons rompus (French) jumping from subject to subject Abats (French pl.) offal, giblets (poultry) Abat-sons a louver or luffer-board (used to reflect sound downwards) Abattage (French m.) cutting down, slaughter Abattage d'arbres (French m.) felling Abattant (French m.) flap, leaf (of a table, desk etc.) Abattement (French m.) dejection, despondency, apathy, reduction Abattement fiscale (French m.) tax allowance Abattement forfaitaire (French m.) fixed-rate rebate Abatteur (French m.) slaughterer (of animals), lumberjack Abatteur de besogne (m.), Abatteuse de besogne (f.) (French) slogger, hard worker Abatteuse (French f.) tease (woman) Abattis (French m. pl.) rubble, debris Abattis de volaille (French m. pl.) giblets (poultry) Abattoir (French m.) butchery, slaughterhouse abattre (French) to dishearten, to weaken, to depress (to make dispirited), to drain (energy from a person), to sap, to demoralize, to tire out, to wear out, to pull down (a wall, a building), to account for (to destroy), to chop down, to knock over, to butcher (to slaughter), to shoot down, to shoot somebody down abattre du travail (French) to get through a lot of work abattre, s' see s'abattre abattre un arbre (French) to cut down (a tree) to fell abattu (m.), abattue (f.) (French) dejected, despondent, worn out, exhausted, feeble, very weak, demoralized, downcast, depressed (dejected), crestfallen, down-in-the-mouth abattu(e), être see être abattu (m.), être abattue (f.) a battuta (Italian, literally 'as beaten') with the beat, in strict time, misurato (Italian), a tempo (Italian), im Takt (German) when the words a battuta are found in Italian scores after a recitative, they indicate that the tempo of the air or aria following must be strict (or measured) rather than free as would have been the case in the recitative Abat-voix (French) a sounding board, a wooden canopy (often placed over a pulpit in a church, cathedral, etc.) whose purpose is to reduce the dispersion of sound Abätzen (German n.) etching abätzen (German) to etch, to cauterize (a wound) abb. abbreviation of 'abbey' Abb. abbreviation of 'abbey', 'abbot' or 'abbess' abbacchiato (Italian) with a dejected, melancholic expression Abbacy office or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess abbaiare (Italian) to bark, to bay, to howl, to yelp, to snarl Abbaiata (Italian f.) barking, baying, howling, yelping, snarling, scolding Abbaione (Italian m.) noisy fellow, great talker Abbaino (Italian m.) dormer widow, skylight, garret window, garret abbandonamente (Italian) or abbandono (Italian), vehemently, violently, passionately, unrestrained (for example, with unrestrained emotion), relaxed, hingebungsvoll (German), mit Hingabe (German), avec abandon (French) free, particularly as regards the time abbandonamento (Italian) abandonment, forsaking, deserting, loss of strength or of courage, weakness, profligacy, dejection abbandonandosi (Italian) abandoning oneself, sich hingebend (German), en s'abandonnant (French) abbandonare (Italian) to abandon, to leave, to desert, to foresake, to quit, to forgo, to let go, to drop, to let fall, to disuse, to give up, to relinquish, to surrender, to concede, to throw away as in senza abbandonare la corda (Italian: without quitting the string) (Italian) neglect abbandonasi (Italian) with abandon, unrestrained, without restraint, with ease, with passionate expression (making the tempo subordinate to the expression) abbandonatamente (Italian) or abbandono (Italian), vehemently, violently, passionately, unrestrained (for example, with unrestrained emotion), relaxed, with abandon, mit Hingabe (German), hingebungsvoll (German), avec abandon (French) free, particularly as regards the time (making the tempo subordinate to the expression) abbandonato (Italian) abandoned, deserted, forsaken, neglected, given up abbandone (Italian) despondingly, with self-abandonment making the time subservient to the expression abbandonevolmente (Italian) vehemently, violently, desperately making the time subservient to the expression Abbandono (Italian m.) abandonment, desertion, dereliction, renouncement, relaxation, unconstraint, isolation, neglect abbandono (Italian) abbandonatamente, abbandonevolmente abbandono, con (Italian) nachlassend (German), avec abandon (French), to play negligently, to play in a free-and-easy manner, to play in an impassioned manner, with a burst of passion abbarbagliare (Italian) to dazzle, to daze, to hallucinate Abbasids see Abbassids Abbassamento (Italian) the act of lowering or the state of being lowered Abbassamento di mano (Italian) the falling or lowering of the hand, down-beat in conducting, abaissement de la main (French) Abbassamento di voce (Italian) the lowering of the voice, Sinkenlassen der Stimme (German) abbassando (Italian) similar to diminuendo (Italian), waning, lowering, calante (Italian), calando (Italian), schwächer werdend (German), absinkend (German), en faisant descendre (French), en descendant (French), en abaissant (French) abbassare (Italian) lower, in the sense of 'to tune a string down', a type of scordatura in which a string is tuned down so that the range of the string or keyboard instrument, for example a harpsichord or spinet', will be able to satisfy the needs of a particular piece (Italian) turn down (the volume of a radio or TV) Abbassids a dynasty of caliphs who ruled the Arabian empire from 750 to 1258. During this period the Muslim world became the unrivaled intellectual centre for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established a "House of Wisdom" in Baghdad; where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and later in turn translated into Turkish, Persian, Hebrew and Latin Abbasid from which this information has been taken abbasso (Italian) below abbatersi (Italian) to be discouraged abbatial (English, French) of or pertaining to an abbey-church,or abbey Abbatiale (French f.) abbey-church Abbau (German m.) cut (reduction), disassembly, downsizing, depletion, breakdown, dismantling, disintegration, slimming, cutback, reduction Abbau des Personals (German m.) reduction in staff abbauen (German) to dismantle, to exploit, to abolish, to phase out, to axe, to lower (costs), to detach abbauend (German) degrading, retrenching abbaufähig (German) exploitable Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen (German m.) job cuts Abbaye (French f.) abbey, Abtei (German f.), abbazia (Italian f.), abadia (Spanish f. Abbazia (Italian f.) abbey, Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.), abadia (Spanish f.) Abbé (French m., German m.) abbot, priest (particularly in France), a cleric, abad (Spanish m.), abate (Italian m.), Abt (German m.) in the eighteenth century, the title was applied to one in minor orders, wearing clerical dress, but serving little or no ecclesiastical function Abbecedario (Italian m.) primer (elementary text book) Abbéde cour (French m.) an abbé who, having obtained a lucrative and influential position at court, is perceived as being more worldly than a cleric should be abbedingen (German) to waive abbeißen (German) to bite off, to snap off Abbeizen (German n.) removing paint, removing varnish abbeizen (German) to strip (paint, varnish, etc.), to remove a stain (from wood, etc.) Abbeizer (German m.) paint stripper Abbeizmittel (German n.) paint stripper, paint remover Abbeizpaste (German f.) scouring paste abbellare (Italian) to embellish with ornaments Abbellimento (s.), Abbellimenti (pl.) (Italian m.) embellishment(s), ornament(s), grace note(s) abbellire (Italian) to embellish with ornaments Abbellitura (s.), Abbelliture (pl.) (Italian) embellishment, ornament abbeordern (German) to commandeer Abberufung (German f.) recall, dismissal Abbess the head of a community of nuns Abbesse (French f.) abbess, abadesa (Spanish f.), badessa (Italian f.), Äbtin (German f.), Äbtissin (German f.) abbestellen (German) to countermand, to unsubscribe, to counter-order, to cancel abbestellend (German) countermanding Abbestellung (German f.) cancellation Abbestellung einer Zeitschrift (German f.) cancellation of a periodical abbetteln (German) to wheedle, to wheedle out, to get something through flattery, to scrounge abbettelnd (German) wheedling Abbey abadia (Spanish f.), abbazia (Italian f.), Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.) buildings occupied by a community of monks (headed by an abbot) or nuns (headed by an abbess) a community of monks (headed by an abbot) or nuns (headed by an abbess) occupying such buildings Abbey of Lorsch (German: Reichsabtei Lorsch; Latin: Laureshamense Monasterium, called also Laurissa and Lauresham), in Lorsch, about 10 km (6 miles) east of Worms, one of the most renowned monasteries of the Carolingian Empire. Even in its ruined state, its remains are among the most important pre-Romanesque buildings in Germany. Its chronicle, entered in the Lorscher Codex compiled in the 1170s (now in the state archive at Würzburg) is a fundamental document for early medieval German history. Another famous document from the monastic library is the Codex Aureus of Lorsch Lorsch Abbey from which this information has been taken abbezahlen (German) to pay off abbezahlt (German) paid off Abbicci (Italian m.) alphabet, spelling book, primer, rudiments abbiegen (German) to deflect, to divert, to diverge, to branch off, to turn off, to turn, to fork Abbiegespur (German f.) turning lathe abbiente (Italian) well-to-do, prosperous Abbigliamento (Italian m.) clothes, clothing industry, dress, attire Abbigliamento da sera (Italian m.) evening dress (for a man) abbigliare (Italian) to dress, to dress smartly abbigliarsi (Italian) to dress, to dress smartly Abbigliatura (Italian f.) dressing, style of dress, style of dressing Abbild (German n.) likeness, reflection, portrayal, picture, image, copy abbilden (German) to image, to map, to picture, to model, to project, to figure, to portray, to illustate, to show, to reproduce, to depict, to describe Abbilder (German pl.) images Abbildtheorie der Kunst (German f.) mimetic theory of art Abbildtheorie der Sprache (German f.) picture theory of language (Wittgenstein) Abbildung (German f.) illustration (or abbreviated Abb., ill.), figure (or abbreviated Abb., fig.), a plate (illustration in a book, etc.), map, picture, reproduction (of a picture), portraiture Abbildungsspeicherun (German f.) image storage Abbildungssystem (German m.) imaging system Abbildungstechnologie (German f.) imaging technology Abbildungsverhältnis (German n.) magnification Abbildungsverzeichnis (German n.) list of figures, table of figures abbinamento (Italian) combining abbinare (Italian) to combine, to pair, to unite (generally two things of the same class) Abbinden (German n.) ligature Abbindezeit (German f.) curing time, setting time (for a glue, etc.) abbindolare (Italian) to cheat, to dupe, to deceive, to lead by the nose (figurative) abbisognare (Italian) to want, to be in want (of(, to require Abbitte (German f.) apology Abbitte leisten (German) to apologize, to eat humble pie abbitten (German) to apologize Abblasen (German n.) tower music (choral melodies performed at set times from church towers, or other public places, on wind instruments) abblasen (German) to sound the trumpet, to sound the retreat, to sound for the last time abblättern (German) to chip off, to exfoliate, to flake (off), to peel off, to come off in flakes abblätternd (German) peeling (off), flaking Abblätterung (German f.) chipping, exfoliation Abblenden (German n.) blinding, stopping down (camera) abblenden (German) to fade out (light, music), to turn down (volume, brightness), to dim, to dim out, to screen off, to stop down (camera), to dip (lights) abblendend (German) screening off Abblendlicht (German n.) dim light Abblendung (German f.) dimming Abblendvorrichtung (German f.) dimming device abblitzen (German) to meet with a rebuff, to rebuff abblitzend (German) rebuffing, meeting with a rebuff abblocken (German) to block Abblühen (German n.) fading abblühen (German) to fade (also used figuratively) Abboccamento (Italian m.) interview, talk, conversation abboccare (Italian) to seize with the mouth (bite), to be deceived (figurative) abboccarsi (Italian) to have an interview, to talk, to confer abbonacciare (Italian) to appease, to calm, to quiet, to soothe abbonacciarsi (Italian) to become calm, to grow calm (wind), to blow out (storm) Abbonamento (Italian m.) subscription (concerts, theatre, journal, etc.), reduction, allowance biglietto di abbonamento (Italian m.: season ticket) abbonare (Italian) to take out a subscription (for someone else), to induce someone to subscribe, to approve, to allow (a discount) abbonarsi (Italian) to subscribe, to take out a subscription (for oneself), to take out a season-ticket (theatre, etc.) Abbonato (s.), Abbonati (pl.) (Italian m./f.) one who subscribes to a subscription series at an opera house, a season-ticket holder, a consumer (of gas, etc.) abbondante (Italian) roomy (clothes), abundant, plentiful, copious, rich, profuse Abbondanza (Italian f.) abundance, plenty, fullness abbondare (Italian) to abound abbondare di (Italian) to abound in abbondevole (Italian) abundant (literary) abbonire (Italian) to calm, to soften, to appease, to ripen, to cultivate (land), to improve (land) abbordabile (Italian) approachable (person), accessible, reasonable (price) abbordare (Italian) to accost (figurative), to go up to, to broach (a subject) Abbordo (Italian m.) access, approach abborracciare (Italian) to botch, to bungle (a piece of work) Abborraccione (Italian m.) a bungler Abbot the head of a community of monks Abbot's Bromley Horn Dance see 'horn dance' Abbotsholme Guild of Handicrafts established c.1890, a short-lived country outpost of CR Ashbee's Guild of Handicrafts at the Abbotsholme progressive school in Derbyshire abbottonare (Italian) to button up, to button abbottonarsi (Italian) to become reserved, to be secretive, to keep something to oneself Abbottonatura (Italian f.) (row of) buttons, buttoning (on a dress, coat, etc.) abbozzare (Italian) to sketch (out), to outline, to make a rough draft, to rough-hew (sculpture) abbozzare un sorriso (Italian) give a hint of a smile, to break into a smile Abbozzata (Italian f.) a rough sketch abbozzaticcio (Italian) sketchy, slight, rough-cast Abbozzo (Italian m.) a sketch, an outline, a rough model, a rough draft, a dwarf, a manikin abbr. abbreviation of 'abbreviation' abbracciare (Italian m.) embrace, hug (a person), take up (a profession), include (figuratively) Abbraccio (Italian m.) embrace, hug abbrechen (German) to sever, to dismantle, to abort, to cut short, to tear down, to truncate, to abandon, to cancel, to break away, to discontinue, to break off, to demolish, to kill, to break up, to break off (talks, negotiations), to strike (camp, etc.), to interrupt abbrechend (German) breaking off, aborting, dismantling Abbrecher (German m.) drop-out (from a course, etc.) Abbrecherquote (German f.) drop-out rate (from a course, etc.) Abbremsen (German n.) braking abbremsen (German) to slow down, to decelerate abbremsend (German) slowing down, slowing abbrev. abbreviation of 'abbreviation' Abbreviamenti (Italian) abbreviations, as, for example, in musical notation abbreviare (Italian) abbreviate, shorten, curtail Abbreviate shorten, particular where a word is represented by only a part of it Abbreviation or shortening, abbreviatura (Italian), Abkürzung (German), abréviation (French), abreviación (Spanish) any symbol used to indicate elements that might otherwise require a more extended notation. In musical notation, the most common abbreviations are the signs for repeated notes or repeated note patterns (see 'Repeated notes, notation of'); in piano music, the use of chords to indicate arpeggio-like figuration; con 8va or con 8va bassa both indicating the addition of notes an octave above or below the written note; as well as abbreviations of terms like piano (p.), etc. more generally, there are many standard abbreviations, for example e.g., cf., SATB, and so on. We have included a large number in our dictionary. The rules in English are generally simple. Abbreviations end in a full stop and are never the first word in a sentence. So, vol. for volume, chap. for chapter. In these cases the plural forms are vols. for volumes, chaps. for chapters. Note that some plurals do not end in s. So, p the abbreviation for page has the plural form pp. for pages Instrument Names and Their Abbreviations abbreviativ (German) abbreviative Abbreviator (s.), Abbreviators (English pl.), Abbreviatores (Latin pl.) also called Breviators, a body of writers in the papal chancery, whose business was to sketch out and prepare in due form the pope's bulls, briefs and consistorial decrees before these are written out in extenso by the scriptores Abbreviator from which this information has been taken Abbreviatur (s.), Abbreviaturen (pl.) (German f.) or Abkürzung, abbreviation (for example, in musical notation) Abbreviatura (s.), Abbreviature (pl.) (Italian f.) abbreviation(s) (for example, in musical notation) Abbreviaturen (Dutch pl., German pl.) abbreviations (for example, in musical notation) Abbreviazione (s.), Abbreviazioni (pl.) (Italian f.) abbreviation (for example, in musical notation) abbrevieren (German) to abbreviate abbringen (German) to dissuade abbringend (German) dissuading abbröseln (German) to flake off Abbruch (German m.) abortion, breakup, discontinuance, break, break-off, stopping, stop, truncation, severance, dropout, demolition, termination, abandonment Abbruch der Verhandlungen (German m.) breakdown in negotiations Abbruch eines Streiks (German m.) calling off of a strike Abbrucharbeiten (German pl.) demolition work Abbruchgebäude (German n.) building to be demolished abbruchreif (German) condemned (building, etc.) Abbruchsarbeiten (German pl.) demolition work Abbruchtaste (German f.) escape key (for example, on a computer keyboard) Abbrutimento (Italian m.) brutalization abbuchen (German) to deduct, to write off (a debt), to debit abbuchend (German) writing off (a debt) Abbuchung (German f.) debiting, direct debit, write-off (a debt) Abbuchungsverfahren (German n.) direct debiting Abbundrippe (German f.) cut-off bar (on a sound-board) abbürsten (German) to dust down, to brush down, to brush off, to give a brush abbürstend (German) brushing off abbüßen (German) to expiate ABC abbreviation of 'American Broadcasting Company', 'Australian Broadcasting Commission' ABC (English, German n.) the alphabet, the rudiments of a subject, alphabetical guide (French m.) alphabet book, fundamentals, primer (French m.) rudiments, as in l'abc du métier (French: the rudiments of the job) ABC-Buch (German n.) primer ABC-dieren (Dutch) in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany ABC-diren (German) or Abcidiren, in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany Abcès (French m.) abscess Abcidiren (German) or ABC-diren, in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany ABC-Kunst (German f.) minimal art ABCM abbreviation of 'Associate of Bandsmen's College of Music' ABC notation ABC is a format for writing tunes in a portable and easy way. It was invented by Chris Walshaw, and is used for sending tunes via e-mail, for putting tune books on the net, and for typesetting tunes. There are now a number of different software packages available for handling ABC files on various platforms ABC notation the ABC musical notation language ABC Plus - an extension of the original ABC language ABC Convert-o-matic - input ABC file - output pdf, midi or jpg Abc-Schütze (m.), Abc-Schützin (f.) (German) abecedarian abdämpfen (German) to evaporate, to depress, to clear off (colloquial - a person) (in music) to dampen, to mute, to muffle (particularly with regard to timpani) abdanken (German) to resign, to abdicate (king, queen, etc.) abdankend (German) resigning, abdicating (king, queen, etc.) Abdankung (s.), Abdankungen (pl.) (German f.) resignation, abdication (king, queen, etc.), funeral service ab dann (German) from then on Abdeckband (German n.) masking tape (decorating), cover plate (slide), cover sheet Abdeckcreme (German f.) concealing cream, blemish cream, cover-up cream abdecken (German) to conceal, to mask, to uncover, to clear away abdeckend (German) enveloping, uncovering Abdeckfolie (German f.) cover sheeting Abdeckhaube (German f.) dust cover Abdeckklebeband (German n.) adhesive masking tape Abdeckmasse (German f.) covering material Abdeckpapier (German n.) masking paper Abdeckplane (German f.) covering sheet, tarpaulin, canvas cover, drop cloth Abdecktuch (German n.) dustsheet (decorating) Abdeckung (German f.) barrier, covering, capping, shrouding, mask, cover, access cover Abdeckung des Marktes (German f.) market coverage Abdelazer see 'Behn, Aphra' ab dem Jahre ... (German) as of .... (a particular year, for example 2003) ab dem Zeichen (German) dal segno, from the sign Da Capo Abderian laughter from Abdera, in Thrace, whose citizens were considered rustic simpletons who would laugh at anything or anyone they didn't understand Abdicación (Spanish f.) abdication abdicar (Spanish) to abdicate, to give up Abdicate (from Latin abdicatus, pp. of abdicare 'disown, disinherit' - specifically abdicare magistratu 'renounce office') to divest oneself of office Abdication (English, French f.) the formal relinquishing of high office, power or responsibility Abdicten (German n.) sealing, seal abdicten (German) to isolate, to pack, to seal, to tighten, to seal up, to caulk Abdichtung (s.), Abdichtungen (pl.) (German f.) seal, sealing, jointing, waterproofing, packing Abdikation (German f.) abdication abdingbar (German) modifiable, alterable (by mutual consent), negotiable, alienable abdiquer (French) to abdicate, to cede, to give up, to relinquish, to chuck up (colloquial: an opportunity), to chuck in (colloquial: a job) abdizieren (German) to abdicate Abdomen (English, French m., Spanish m.) in mammals and other vertebrates the abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity Abdomen from which this extract has been taken Abdominal (English, Spanish) pertaining to the abdomen, the region of the body also called the belly abdominales (Spanish pl.: sit-up (exercise to strengthen abdominal muscles), abdominal muscle) abdominal (English, German, Spanish) pertaining to the abdomen abdominal (m.), abdominale (f.) (French) abdominal Abdominalatmung (German f.) abdominal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing abdominell (German) abdominal abdrängen (German) to force back, to push out of the way, to push away Abdreheisen (German n.) turning tool Abdrehen (German n.) turning, lathe machining abdrehen (German) to switch off, to turn off, to twist off, to veer away, to face off (on a lathe), to turn (on a lathe), to skim (on a milling machine, lathe, etc.), to turn a taper profile (using a lathe, etc.), to remove material by turning, to remove material by machining, to turn down (e.g. a thermostat, etc.) abdrehend (German) truning off Abdrift (German f.) leeway, drift Abdruck (German m.) an impression, a print, a reprint, an offprint, a printout, a reproduction, a cast, a copy, a replica, a (dental) cast abdrucken (German) to imprint, to print, to publish, to reproduce, to run off (copies), to overprint, to mould, to mark abdrücken (German) to pull the trigger Abdrückschraube (German f.) set screw Abdrucksrecht (German n.) right of reproduction Abducteur (French m.) a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line abducteur (French) abductor, of or pertaining to a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line Abduction from the Seraglio see Entfuhrung aus dem Serail Abductor kidnapper, someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom) a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line of or pertaining to a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line abdunkeln (German) to dim (light), to darken, to tone down (colour) Abdunkelungsvorrichtung (German f.) dimmer abdünsten (German) to evaporate Abê a gourd shaker enveloped in beads that features in maracatu nação (also known as maracatu de baque virado) an Afro-Brazilian performance genre Abebben (German n.) fading away abebben (German) to recede, to ebb away, to fade away, to die away, to die down, to abate abebbend (German) ebbing away, fading Abecé (Spanish m.) alphabet (familiar term), basics (fundamentals) Abécédaire (French m.) alphabet primer, spelling book Abecedarian hymns a student, new to the art of singing, who intones the notes of a piece of music using the note names, c, d, e, etc. rather than the more correct solfeggio syllables, do, re, me, etc. Abecedarian hymns hymns whose lines or divisions begin with the letters of the alphabet in order. For example, psalm 119 is abecedarian, and its 176 verses are divided into groups of eight, each beginning with (and headed by) a different letter in the Hebrew alphabet Abecedario (Spanish m.) alphabet Abedul (Spanish m.) birch (tree) Abedul plateado (Spanish m.) silver birch Abegg Variations Robert Schumann's op. 1 that employs a figure made up of the five notes a, b flat, e', g', g' which in German pitch names A-B-E-G-G spell the name of the works dedicatee Meta Abegg Variations on the name "Abegg" Abeille (French f.) bee Abeille cirière (French f.) worker (bee) Abeille mâle (French f.) drone (bee) Abeille mère (French f.) queen-bee Abeja (Spanish f.) bee Abeja obrera (Spanish f.) worker bee Abeja reina (Spanish f.) queen bee Abejarrón (Spanish m.) bumblebee Abejón (Spanish m.) drone Abejorro (Spanish m.) bumblebee, cockchafer Abellimento (Italian) embellishment, ornament Abellitura (Italian f.) embellishment, ornament Abencérages, Les the title a reference to the Moorish Abenceragi warriors, a three-act opera by Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) to a libretto by Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy (1764-1846) based on the novel Gonzalve de Cordoue by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian (1755-1794), first performed in Paris in 1813 Les Abencérages Abend (German m.) evening, eve Abendandacht (German f.) evening service, vesper service, evensong Abendanimation (German f.) evening entertainment Abendanzug (German m.) dress suit, dinner jacket Abendausgabe (German f.) evening edition Abendblatt (German n.) daily evening paper, afternoon daily paper Abendbrot (German n.) light evening meal, supper Abendbrot essen (German) to have (high) tea Abenddämmerung (German f.) twilight, dusk, nightfall, gloaming (literary) abendelang (German) for the whole evening, all evening long abendessen (German) to have dinner, to have an evening meal, to have supper, to have dinner Abendessen (German n.) tea (evening meal), supper, dinner Abendessen inbegriffen (German) evening meal included abendfüllend (German) concert length (work), feature-length (film), full-length (opera, movie, etc.) abendfüllender Spielfilm (German m.) full-length (feature) movie (film) abendfüllendes Programm (German n.) full evening's programme Abendgarderobe (German f.) evening clothes (formal), evening attire, evening dress Abendgarderobe Einladung (German f.) black tie invitation Abendgebet (German n.) evening prayer Abendgeläut (German n.) evening bell, evening bells, vesper bell, vesper bells Abendgesellschaft (German f.) soirée (French f.), evening party Abendgesellschaft mit Tanz (German f.) dinner dance Abendglocke (s.), Abendglocken (pl.) (German f.) evening bell, curfew, evening bells, curfew bells Abendglühen (German n.) after-glow, glow in the west after sunset Abendgottesdienst (German m.) vespers, evening service Abendgymnasium (German n.) evening school, night school Abendhimmel (German m.) sky at sunset, evening sky Abendkarte (German f.) evening menu (at a restaurant, etc.) Abendkasse (German f.) box office Abendklasse (s.), Abendklassen (pl.) (German f.) evening class, night class, night school (pl.) Abendkleid (German n.) formal gown, evening dress, evening gown Abendkleid aus (reiner) Seide (German n.) (pure) silk (evening) gown, (pure) silk evening dress Abendkleid mit geschnürtem Rücken (German n.) lace-up back gown Abendkleid mit Nackenträger (or Neckholder) (German n.) halter-neck gown Abendkleid mit Schwalbenschwanz (German n.) fish-tail gown, fishtail gown, fish tail gown Abendkleider (German pl.) evening dresses Abendkleidung (German f.) evening dress Abendkühle (German f.) cool of the evening Abendkurs (s.), Abendkurse (pl.) (German m.) evening class, evening course Abendland (German n.) the Western World, the occident Abendländer (m.), Abendländerin (f.) (German) westerner abendländisch (German) western, occidental, occidentally abendländische Kultur (German f.) western civilization Abendländische Platane (German f.) sycamore (tree) (Platanus occidentalis) abendlich (German) evening, in the evening abendliche Kühle (German f.) chill of evening Abendlicht (German n.) evening light, light at sunset Abendlied (German n.) an evening song or hymn, for example, Vespers [addition by Brian A. Jefferies] Abendluft (German f.) evening air Abendmahl (German n.) Holy Communion, Eucharist, the Lord's supper Abendmahlkelch (German m.) chalice, Communion cup Abendmahlsbrot (German n.) altar bread, Host Abendmahlsfeier (German f.) communion service Abendmahlsgänger (German m.) communicant Abendmahlsgast (German m.) communicant Abendmahlsgemeinschaft (German f.) full communion Abendmahlsgottesdienst (German m.) Communion service Abendmahlskelch (German m.) chalice, Communion cup Abendmahlsteller (German m.) Communion plate Abendmahlstisch (German m.) Communion table Abendmahlswein (German m.) Communion wine Abendmahlzeit (German f.) evening meal Abendmesse (German f.) vespers Abendmusik (German f., literally 'evening music') originating in the seventeenth century, evening music usually of a religious or contemplative nature, the German equivalent of Vespers, applies particularly to a series of Advent concerts started by Franz Tunder (1614-1667), and continued by his son-in-law Dieterich Buxtehude (c.1637-1707), in Lübeck from 1646. Dietrich Buxtehude (c.1637-1707), belongs to the generation of organists before Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), who, like George Frideric Handel (1685-1759), once travelled to Lübeck to hear the master perform at the Marienkirche, where he served as organist for forty years, from 1667 until his death in 1707. He wrote a considerable quantity of music, choral and instrumental, for church use, as well as chamber music and keyboard music of a more secular kind Abendmusik Abendnachrichten (German pl.) evening news Abendpost (German f.) evening mail Abendrobe (German f.) evening gown, evening dress Abendrock (German m.) evening skirt Abendrot (German n.) afterglow, (red) glow of sunset Abendröte (German f.) afterglow, (red) glow of sunset abends (German) in the evening Abendschuh (German m.) evening shoe, dress shoe Abendschule (German f.) nightschool, evening school, evening classes Abendschüler (m.), Abendschülerin (f.) (German) night-school student Abendsegen (German m.) evening prayer Abendsonne (German f.) evening sun, setting sun Abendspaziergang (German m.) evening walk, evening stroll Abendständchen (German n.) serenade Abendstern (German m.) evenstar, vesper, evening star Abendstille (German f.) quiet of the evening Abendstimmung (German f.) evening mood Abendstudium (German n.) evening course Abendstunde (German f.) evening hour Abendtau (German m.) evening dew Abendtoilette (German f.) formal clothes Abendunterricht (German m.) evening classes, night classes Abendunterricht besuchen (German) to attend evening classes Abendveranstaltung (German f.) soirée (French f.), evening party Abendverkauf (German m.) late opening Abend vor Allerheiligen (German m.) Hallowe'en, All Hallow's Eve, Halloween Abendvorstellung (German f.) evening performance Abendwache (German f.) first (evening) watch Abendwind (German m.) evening breeze Abendzeit (German f.) evening, eventide Abendzeitung (German f.) evening paper, evening newspaper, afternoon daily paper Abendzug (German m.) evening train a bene placito (Italian) or a piacere (Italian), ad libitum, at will, as you like, at (the performer's) pleasure, nach Belieben (German), frei im Vortrag (German), à volonté (French) in music, indicating that the performer may change tempo, add ornamentation or change the instrumentation as he or she wishes Abenteuer (s./pl.) (German n.) adventure, (love) affair, adventurer (male) Abenteuerbuch (German n.) book of adventure stories Abenteuerclub (German m.) adventure club Abenteuerdrang (German m.) spirit of adventure Abenteuerferien (German pl.) adventure holidays Abenteuerfilm (German m.) adventure film, adventure movie Abenteuergeschichte (s.), Abenteuergeschichten (pl.) (German f.) adventure story, tale of adventure Abenteuerin (s.), Abenteuerinnen (pl.) (German f.) adventuress Abenteuerkleidung (German f.) safari clothing Abenteuerleben (German n.) adventurous life, a life of adventure abenteuerlich (German) adventurous, adventurously, venturous, venturously, swashbuckling, rash, bizarrely, fantastically (dressed), hazardous, risky abenteuerliche Gesinnung (German f.) adventurous spirit abenteuerliche Reise (German f.) adventurous journey abenteuerliche Sache (German f.) cloak and dagger operation abenteuerlicher Plan (German m.) wild scheme abenteuerliches Leben (German n.) adventurous life Abenteuerlichkeit (German f.) bizarreness, riskiness, hazardousness Abenteuerlust (German f.) thirst for adventure, spirit of adventure abenteuerlustig (German) adventurous abenteuerlustig sein (German) to have a thirst for adventure Abenteuerroman (German m.) adventure novel Abenteuerstimmung (German f.) sense of adventure Abenteurer (m.), Abenteurerin (f.) (German) adventurer (m./f.), adventuress (f.) Abenteurer mit hohen Zielen (German m.) aspiring adventurer Abenteurergeist (German m.) adventurous spirit Abenteurernatur (German f.) adventurous person, adventurous nature aber (German) but, however, but for all that aber dafür (German) but on the other hand aber dennoch (German) but yet aber es ist so, dass ... (German) but the fact of the matter is that ... Aberglaube (German) superstition, reverence for the unknown abergläubisch (German) superstitious, superstitiously [corrected by Michael Zapf] Aberhunderte (German pl.) hundreds (upon hundreds) Aberínkula the secular batá drums, played at parties and for music and folkloric performances and commercial recordings Aber ja! (German) Yes, indeed! aberkannt (German) denied aberkennen (German) to disallow, to revoke, to deny, to disprove, to disqualify, to confute (in argument), to deprive aberkennend (German) denying Aberkennung (German f.) denial, annulment, cancelation, deprivation, retraction, disallowance, dispossession, revocation abermalig (German) renewed, repeated abermals (German) again, once more, anew, once again, de novo (Latin) Aber natürlich (German) But of course Aber nicht doch! (German) Of course not! aber nicht eilen (German) do not rush aber ohne Erfolg (German) but to no effect Aberración (Spanish f.) aberration, outrage aberrant (English, German) deviating from what is usually considered normal or acceptable (for example, rogue) aberrant (m.), aberrante (f.) (French) aberrant, abnormal, crazy (mad), mad, absurd (story), illogical, nonsensical (story), irregular (linguistics) aberrante (Spanish) aberrant, deviant Aberration (English, French f., German f., from Latin aberrationem, itself from aberrare 'go astray') deviation from the normal, strange behaviour, lunacy (foolish act) Aberrazione (Italian f.) aberration aberrierend (German) aberrant, aberrantly abertausend (German) thousands upon thousands of abertausende (German) thousands and thousands Abertausende (German pl.) thousands upon thousands abertausendfach (German) a thousand times over Abertura (Spanish f.) opening, aperture, crack (gap), slit, hole aber und abermals (German) time and again, again and again Aberwitz (German m.) madness, folly, piece of lunacy aberwitzig (German) crazy, cracked (colloquial), ludicrous aber wuchtiger (German) but weightier, heavier Aberystwyth hymn-tune by Joseph Parry published in 1879 to which the words, written by Charles Wesley, 'Jesu, lover of my soul', are sung Aberystwyth (Hymn) Abessinien (German n.) Abyssinia Abessinier (m.), Abessinierin (f.) (German) Abyssinian Abessinier (German m.) Abyssinian (breed of cat) Abessinierkatze (German f.) Abyssinian (cat) abessinisch (German) Abyssinian abessinisch-orthodoxe Kirche (German f.) Abyssinian Orthodox Church Abetal (Spanish m.) fir-wood Abete (Italian m.) fir (tree), wood of the fir tree Abete rosso (Italian m.) or legno di abete rosso (Italian m.), Rot-Tanne (German f.), Fichte (Holz) (German f.), (bois de) sapin (French m.), spruce (wood) abêtir (French) to turn into a half-wit, to make dull (to make stupid) abêtir, s' see s'abêtir abêtissant (m.), abêtissante (f.) (French) stupefying (work) Abêtissement (French m.) stupidity, mindlessness Abeto (Spanish m.) fir (tree) ab extra (Latin) not eminating from the mind Abeyance temporary disuse Abf. abbreviation of Abfahrt (German: departure) ab Fabrik (German) ex factory, ex works abfahrbar (German) retractable abfahrbereit (German) ready to leave, ready to go, about to depart Abfahren (German n.) shutdown abfahren (German) to set off, to be off, to drive off (car, etc.), to take off, to leave, to start off, to sail, to move off, to shut down (machine, etc.) abfahren nach (German) to sail for abfahren von (German) start from abfahrend (German) departing, outgoing, leaving, outbound (bus, train, etc.) abfahrende Passagiere (German pl.) leaving passengers, departing passangers Abfahrshafen (German m.) port of departure Abfahrsignal (German n.) departure signal Abfahrt (German f.) departure (abbreviation Abf.), departure (of vehicle), descent, start, downhill skiing Abfahrt eines Schiffes (German f.) departure of a ship Abfahrten (German pl.) departures Abfahrtsbahnhof (German m.) departure station Abfahrtsdatum (German n.) date of departure Abfahrtshafen (German m.) port of departure Abfahrtslauf (German m.) downhill race, descent Abfahrtsliste (German f.) sailing list Abfahrtsort (German m.) point of departure Abfahrtsplan der Schiffe (German m.) schedule of sailings Abfahrtssignalflagge der Schiffe (German f.) Blue Peter (signal flag on a ship about to depart from port) Abfahrtstafel (German f.) departures board Abfahrtstag (German m.) day of departure, sailing date Abfahrtszeit (German f.) time of departure, sailing time Abfall (German m.) waste, trash, rubbish, refuse (waste), scrap, spoilage, wastage, chippings, chaffloss, descent, falling, decrease, falling off (of faith) Abfallablagerung (German f.) waste disposal Abfallbehälter (German m.) litter bin, dustbin Abfallbeutel (German m.) refuse bag Abfalldeponie (German f.) refuse dump, rubbish dump, rubbish tip, waste landfill Abfälle (German pl.) litter, debris, off-cuts, cuttings Abfälle anhäufen (German) to accumulate rubbish Abfalleimer (s./pl.) (German m.) bin, rubbish bin, garbage can, trash can abfallen (German) to fall off, to dip, to decay, to descend, to apostatize, to slope, to slope down, to drop down, to drop away, to decrease abfallen auf (German) to descend to abfallend (German) sloping, slanting, falling off, deciduous, apostatising, seceding in a cappella works, especially if the singers are suffering from the effects of "low pressure" weather, the conductor might speak of in der Tonhöhe abfallend, i.e. 'losing pitch'. You know what it's like. Some choir conductors say: "Early in the morning, C sometimes becomes B, and if your luck is out, even B flat!" In that case, of course, the loss of pitch is not intentional. Conductors of orchestras say etwas abfallend, which may refer to an agogic accent, or to an effect of a purely dynamic nature, i.e. 'slight decline in speed or slight decline in strength (loudness)' [comment provided by Brian A. Jefferies] Abfallentsorgung (German f.) waste management, garbage collection, waste disposal Abfallhaufen (German m.) trash pile, rubbish heap Abfallholz (German m.) waste wood, scrap abfällig (German) disparaging, disparagingly, derogative, derogatively, snide, snidely abfällige Bemerkung (German f.) aspersion Abfallkorb (German m.) wastebasket Abfallpapier (German n.) waste paper Abfallstoff (s.), Abfallstoffe (pl.) (German m.) waste product, waste material Abfall vom Glauben (German m.)lapse from faith, apostasy Abfallverwertung (German f.) recycling Abfallzeit (German f.) release abfälschen (German) to deflect Abfangen (German n.) enticing away a customer, interception abfangen (German) to retain, to intercept, to trap, to secure (cable) abfangend (German) intercepting Abfangscheibe (German f.) guard abfärben (German) to stain abfärbend (German) fading (colour, etc.) abfasen (German) to chamfer abfassen (German) to compose, to draft, to indite, to draw up (to formulate) abfassend (German) composing, drafting, inditing, drawing up (formulating) Abfasser (German m.) composer, author Abfassung (German f.) composition, wording (of a text), drawing up (of a text, document, etc.) Abfassung von Berichten (German f.) writing of reports Abfasung (German f.) chamfer, bevel, bevelling abfedern (German) to cushion abfeilen (German) to file down, to file off abfeilend (German) filing off abfendern (German) to fend off abfertigen (German) to send away, to deal with, to dispatch, to ship abfertigend (German) dispatching Abfertigung (German f.) snub, dispatch, processing Abfertigungen (German pl.) dispatches Abfertigungsgebühr (s.) Abfertigungsgebühren (pl.) (German f.) clearance fee, servicing fee, dispatch fee Abfertigungshalle (German f.) check-in area, terminal building Abfertigungspapiere (German pl.) clearance papers Abfertigungsschalter (German m.) dispatch counter, check-in desk, check-in counter, customs clearance (office) Abfertigungsstelle (German f.) dispatch office abfetten (German) to degrease abfeuern (German) to fire off, to let off, to fire abfeuernd (German) firing off abfiltrieren (German) to filter out Abfindung (s.), Abfindungen (pl.) (German f.) (monetary) compensation, severance payment (payment on loss of job), commutation, pay-off, gratuity, financial settlement, lump-sum settlement [additional information provided by Brian A. Jefferies] Abfindungssumme (German f.) amount of compensation Abfindungsvertrag (German m.) deed of settlement, termination agreement Abfindungswert (German m.) amount payable on settlement Abfindungszahlung bei Entlassung (German m.) severance payment, redundancy payment ABfl abbreviation of Alt-Blockflöte (German: alto or treble recorder - flûte à bec alto (French)) abflachen (German) to provide a flat surface, to face, to bottom out, to flatten, to machine a surface flat abflachend (German) levelling, flattening Abflachung (German f.) flat section, flat portion, flattening Abflauen (German n.) abatement, tailing off abflauen (German) to die down (wind, applause), to slack off, to calm down (wind) , to wane, to decline, to slump, to subside, to tail away, to abate, to tail off abflauend (German) waning abfliegen (German) to start abfliegend (German) taking off, outbound Abfließen (German n.) drain abfließen (German) to empty out, to flow off, to drain off, to run off abfließen lassen (German) to drain, to drain away abfließend (German) draining off abflöten (German) to play on the flute Abflug (s.), Abflüge (pl.) (German m.) take-off, departure, start abflugbereit (German) ready for departure Abflughafen (German m.) airport of departure Abflughalle (German f.) departure lounge, departure hall Abflugplan (German m.) schedule of departure Abflugschalter (German m.) check-in desk Abflugtermin (German m.) departure date Abflugterminal (German n.) departure terminal Abfluss (German m.) outlet (of lake), run-off, effluent, drainage, drain, discharge Abfolge (German f.) order, array, series, sequence, succession abfordern (German) to requisition abfordernd (German) demanding Abformtechnik (German f.) moulding method Abformwerkzeug (German n.) moulding tool abfotografieren (German) to photograph abfotografiert (German) photographed Abfrage (German f.) polling, query, prompt, detection, survey, enquiry, request, recitation, interrogation, retrieval Abfragen (German n.) scanning abfragen (German) to quiz, to retrieve, to enquire, to interrogate, to poll, to scan, to sample, to request, to query, to carry out abfragend (German) quizzing, questioning Abfragesprache (German f.) query language Abfragesystem (German n.) retrieval system Abfrageverfahren (German n.) polling method abfräsen (German) to mill off, to bevel, to chamfer abfrottieren (German) to rub down (person) Abfühlen (German n.) sensing abfühlen (German) to read, to sense Abfuhr (German f.) carriage, removal, put-down, rebuff Abführung (German f.) payment Abgabe (German f.) sale, toll, contribution, fee, impost, levy, tax, tribute, duty, rent Abgabe einer Erklärung (German f.) issue of a statement Abgabe eines Angebots (German f.) submission of a bid Abgabe eines Angebots bei Ausschreibung (German f.) tendering Abgabe eines Patentantrags (German f.) filing of a patent Abgabe eines Submissionsangebots (German f.) bidding Abgabe von Geboten (German f.) bidding Abgabebedingungen (German pl.) terms of sale abgabefrei (German) tax-free Abgaben (German pl.) charges, duties, tributes, taxes, dues abgeben (German) to sell Abgaben an den Autor (German pl.) royalties Abgaben abführen (German) to pay dues abgabenpflichtig (German) taxable Abgabepreis (German m.) sales price, selling price Abgabeschluss (German m.) deadline Abgabetermin (German m.) deadline Abgang (German m.) exit (of an actor), leaving, departure, finish, aftertaste, dispatch Abgang von der Bühne (German m.) exit from the stage Abgangsflughafen (German m.) airport of departure Abgangsort (German m.) place of departure Abgangszeit (German f.) departure time Abgangszeugnis (German n.) leaving-certificate, leaving certificate, diploma abgautschen (German) to couch abgeändert (German) modified, amended, altered abgeändert werden (German) to be altered, to be modified abgearbeitet (German) worn out, processed abgebaut (German) dismantled, degraded, decomposed abgeben (German) to provide, to give up, to cede, to dispense, to release, to evolve, to deliver, to lose, to emit, to hand in, to quote (price), to concede (a point), to fire (shots), to generate (a signal), to give off (heat) abgeben an (German) to pass to abgebend (German) delivering abgebettelt (German) wheedled out abgebildet (German) mapped, reproduced, depicted, imaged, pictured, snapped (with a camera) abgebissen (German) bitten off abgeblasen (German) cancelled abgeblättert (German) peeled off abgeblendet (German) screened off, dimmed abgeblitzt (German) met with a rebuff abgebracht (German) dissuaded abgebrochen (German) abrupt, dismantled, broken off, aborted, discontinued, cancelled abgebrochen werden (German) to be broken off (talks, negotiations etc.) abgebrochene Reise (German f.) broken voyage, broken journey abgebrochener Fingernagel (German {m} broken nail abgebrüht (German) hardened, hard-bitten, clinical, hard-nosed (colloquial), hard-boiled (figurative - unsympathetic person) abgebucht (German) written off abgebunden (German) undone abgebürstet (German) brushed off abgedankt (German) resigned, abdicated abgedeckt (German) uncovered, masked abgedichtet (German) sealed up, caulked abgedient (German) served abgedrängt (German) forced back abgedroschen (German) hackneyed, well-worn, threadbare (argument), stock (answer), trivialized, worn out (phrase), tritely, corny (joke), trite, stereotyped, commonplace, bathetic, banal abgedroschene Bemerkung (German f.) commonplace remark abgedroschene Lebensregeln (German pl.) copy-book maxims abgedroschene Scherze (German pl.) stale jokes abgedroschene Themen (German pl.) commonplace topics abgedroschene Phrase (German f.) buzzword (stock phrase) abgedroschener Stil (German m.) commonplace style Abgedroschenheit (German f.) banality, triteness abgedrosselt (German) throttled abgedrückt (German) squeezed off, printed, imprinted abgedunkelt (German) smoked, darkened (glass, windows) abgedunkelt (German) darkened abgedunkelte Scheiben (German pl.) tinted windows abgeerntet (German) harvested abgefahren (German) departed, spaced out (music, etc.), worn (tyre), wicked (colloquial - excellent), funky (slang), way out (colloquial) abgefahren sein (German) to be ace (colloquial), to be brill (colloquial) abgefallen (German) fallen off, seceded abgefälscht (German) deflected abgefangen (German) intercepted abgefärbt (German) faded abgefärbt auf (German) rubbed off on (figurative) abgefasst (German) indited, conceived abgefaste Kante (German f.) chamfer, bevel, chamfered edge abgefastes Stahllineal (German n.) beveled steel edge abgefault (German) rotted away abgefeilt (German) filed off abgefeimt (German) crafty, cunning, villainous, wickedly crafty abgefertigt (German) dealt with, despatched abgefeuert (German) fired off (rocket), fired (gun) abgeflacht (German) levelled, flattened, oblate abgeflachte Kante (German f.) tapered edge abgeflachte Längskante (German f.) tapered edge abgeflaut (German) waned abgeflogen (German) taken off, departed abgeflossen (German) drained, drained off abgefordert (German) demanded abgefragt (German) prompted abgefunden (German) compensated abgegeben (German) delivered abgeglichen (German) balanced, harmonised abgeglichene Konten (German pl.) balanced accounts abgeglitten (German) slid abgegolten (German) satisfied abgegossen (German) decanted, poured off abgegrenzt (German) zoned, marked off, marked out, delimited abgegriffen (German) worn, hackneyed, shopworn abgegriffene Redensart (German f.) stale phrase abgehackt (German) staccato, choppy, choppily, chopped abgehackte Sprache (German f.) staccato speech Abgehakt! (German) Job done! abgehakt (German) checked abgehalftert (German) has-been (figurative - colloquial), over-the-hill (colloquial) abgehalten (German) held, detained, kept from abgehalten werden (German) to be held, to take place abgehängt (German) taken down (picture), suspended (object), left far behind, curtained off abgehängte Decke (German f.) suspended ceiling abgehängte Unterdecke (German f.) suspended ceiling abgehärmt (German) peaked (person), drawn (weary), careworn, haggard abgehärtet (German) hardened, hardy, inured (to) abgehärtete Person (German f.) hardy person Abgehärtetsein (German n.) hardiness abgehauen (German) fled, escaped, run off, scooted (colloquial), felled (tree) abgeheilt (German) healed Abgehen (German n.) departure (figurative) abgehen (German) to make an exit, to retire, to go off (theatre, gun), to come off (theatre), to go away, to leave, to be deducted, to be lacking, to digress, to give up (plan), to branch off (road) abgehend (German) outgoing abgehende Post (German f.) outgoing mail abgehender Ruf (German m.) dialing out abgehetzt (German) jaded, exhausted abgehoben (German) withdrawn, lifted abgehobener Betrag (German m.) amount withdrawn abgeholt (German) fetched abgehört (German) listened in to abgeirrt (German) strayed abgejagt (German) recovered from, snatched away abgekämpft (German) worn out, dead tired (colloquial) abgekantet (German) folded, chamfered abgekartet (German) pre-arranged abgekartetes Spiel (German n.) set-up (colloquial) abgekauft (German) bought from abgekehrt (German) turned away abgeklärt (German) clarified, tranquil, mellow (figurative), serene abgeklärter Verstand (German m.) philosophic mind Abgeklärtheit (German f.) serenity abgeklebt (German) masked abgeklemmt (German) pinched off abgeklopft (German) knocked off abgeklungen (German) faded away abgeknabbert (German) nibbled off abgeknallt (German) bumped off (colloquial) abgeknickt (German) snapped off abgekocht (German) boiled abgekochte Milch (German f.) scalded milk abgekoppelt (German) disconnected, uncoupled abgekrabbelt (German) unscrambled abgekratzt (German) scraped off abgekriegt (German) got abgekühlt (German) chilled, cooled off abgekürzt (German) abbreviated, abridged, shortened abgekürzte Adressierung (German f.) abbreviated addressing abgekürzte Form (German f.) shortened form abgeküsst (German) smothered with kisses abgeladen (German) unloaded abgelagert (German) deposited, alluvial, ripe (cheese, etc.), matured, aged (wine, etc.), seasoned (timber, etc.) abgelassen (German) let off, surceased, let out (air) abgelaufen (German) out-of-date, run out, up (expired), expired, lapsed, sale (out of dated), worn down (heels) abgelaufene Zeit (German f.) elapsed time Abgeld (German n.) discount abgelebt (German) jaded abgeleckt (German) licked, licked off abgelegen (German) remote, out of the way, solitary, far-off, remotely, faraway, off the eaten track (colloquial), outlying, isolated, secluded abgelegene Gegenden (German pl.) outlands abgelegener Ort (German m.) private place abgelegener Standort (German m.) remote location abgelegenes Dorf (German n.) secluded village, solitary village abgelegenes Haus (German n.) solitary house Abgelegenheit (German (f.) remoteness, solitude abgelegt (German) discarded, taken (examination) abgelegte Kleider (German pl.) cast-off clothing abgelegtes Kleidungsstück (German n.) cast-off abgelehnt (German) disclaimed, overruled, defeated, damned, rejected, spurned, disowned, disliked, deprecated, declined, repudiated abgelehnt werden (German) to be turned down abgeleistet (German) fulfilled abgeleitet (German) derived, derivative, deduced abgeleitet aus (German) deduced from abgeleiteter Akkord (German m.) an inverted chord abgeleitete Rechte (German pl.) derivative rights abgeleitete Sprache (German f.) daughter language abgeleitet werden (German) to be derived abgelenkt (German) distracted, diverted, deflected, abstracted abgelenkt werden (German) to get sidetracked Abgelenktheit (German f.) state of distraction abgeleugnet (German) disavowed, forsworn abgelöscht (German) extinguished abgelöst (German) detached, redeemed, unsoldered, replaced abgelöst werden durch (German) to make way for abgelten (German) to satisfy abgeltend (German) satisfying Abgeltung (German f.) payment in lieu abgelutscht (German) well-worn (trite) Abgemacht! (German) It's a deal! It's a bargain! Settled! abgemacht (German) cut and dried, done, agreed, agreed on abgemachte Rate (German f.) agreed rate abgemachte Sache (German f.) pre-arranged matter abgemachter Preis (German m.) agreed price abgemagert (German) scaled-down, emaciated, scraggy (derogatory), wasted Abgemahnter (German m.) the recipient of a cease and desist order abgemäht (German) scythed abgemessen (German) measured, in strict time, in tempo (Italian), en mesure (French) abgemildert (German) moderated abgemüht (German) struggled with abgemustert (German) paid off abgenäht (German) taken in (clothes), stitched down abgeneigt (German) loath, aversely, antipathetic, antipathetical, antipathetically, indisposed, disinclined, averse, reluctant abgeneigt gegen (German) averse to abgeneigt machen (German) to disincline abgeneigt machend (German) disinclining Abgeneigtheit (German f.) averseness abgenommen (German) waned, decreased abgenötigt (German) wrung from abgenutzt (German) worn out, outworn, battered, worn, obsolete, time-worn, threadbare (clothes), worn through, hackneyed (phrase) abgenutzte Redensart (German f.) obsolete phrase abgenutztes altes Liederbuch (German n.) shabby old songbook abgeordnet (German) delegated Abgeordnete (German f.) deputy, representative, delegate, MP (female) Abgeordnetensitz (German m.) parliamentary seat Abgeordneter (German m.) delegate, deputy, representative, MP (male) abgepackt (German) pre-packed, prepackaged abgepackte Ware (German f.) pre-packaged goods abgepasst (German) adjusted abgepflückt (German) picked abgeplattet (German) prolate, oblately abgeplatzt (German) chipped (tooth, cup, etc.) abgeprallt (German) recoiled, rebounded abgequält (German) worried abgequetscht (German) squeezed abgeraten (German) dissuaded, dissuaded from, advised against, not recommended abgeräumt (German) cleared abgerechnet (German) deducted, cleared abgereist (German) departed abgerichtet (German) trained, performing abgerieben (German) rubbed off, towelled abgeriegelt (German) cordoned off, closed off, bolted abgerissen (German) torn off, parted, demolished, abrupt, wrenched off, abruptly abgerissene Kleidung (German f.) ragged clothes abgerissene Worte (German pl.) broken words abgerollt (German) unrolled abgerückt (German) moved away abgerufen (German) called abgerundet (German) rounded abgerundetosterei (German) rounded abgerundet (German) blunt, rounded off, radiused, in round terms (rounded down) abgerundete Fase (German f.) radius chamfer abgerundete Form (German f.) rounded shape abgerundete Kante (German f.) bull nose, soft edge abgerüstet (German) disarmed abgerutscht (German) slipped off abgesackt (German) sunk, sagged abgesagt (German) countermanded abgesägte Schrotflinte (German f.) sawn-off shotgun abgesahnt (German) skimmed (milk) abgesandt (German) mailed Abgesandte (German f.) delegate, emissary (female) Abgesandter (German m.) delegate, emissary (male) Abgesang (s.), Abgesänge (pl.) (German m.) farewell, swansong, swan song (German m.) the final, contrasting strophe of 'Bar form' see 'Bar form' abgesattelt (German) unsaddled abgescannt (German) scanned abgeschafft (German) disestablished, abolished abgeschaltet (German) shorted, switched off, off abgeschattet (German) shadowed abgeschätzt (German) evaluated, estimated abgeschieden (German) private (of a place), solitary (place), remote, separated, segregated, lonely, isolated, deceased, departed (deceased), cloistered, secluded (house) Abgeschiedene (German f.) deceased person (female) abgeschiedene Seele (German f.) departed soul Abgeschiedener (German m.) deceased person abgeschiedener Geist (German m.) departed spirit abgeschiedener Zufluchtsort (German m.) secret retreat Abgeschiedenheit (German f.) seclusion, solitude, sequestration abgeschirmt (German) screened, shielded, shrouded abgeschirmtes Kabel (German n.) screened cable, shielded cable abgeschlagen (German) chipped, (well) beaten, severed abgeschlagener Kopf (German m.) severed head Abgeschlagenheit (German f.) exhaustion abgeschliffen (German) polished abgeschlossen (German) closed, seculded, completed, concluded, cloistered, finished, finalized, enclosed (garden) abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung (German f.) completed vocational training abgeschlossene Wohnung (German f.) self-contained flat abgeschlossenes Kapitel (German n.) closed chapter (figurative) abgeschlossenes Konto (German n.) account closed Abgeschlossenheit (German f.) seclusion, insularity, seclusiveness abgeschmackt (German) corny (colloquial), insipid, vulgar, absurd, tasteless (joke, story, etc.). in poor taste (figurative) Abgeschmacktheit (German f.) ineptitude, tastelessness (figurative) abgeschmiert (German) greased, lubricated abgeschminkt (German) removed the make-up abgeschnallt (German) unstrapped abgeschnitten (German) truncated, cut, cropped, cut off, trapped (jammed, stuck) abgeschnitten sein (German) to be marooned abgeschnitten sein von (German) to be cut off from abgeschnittene Haare (German pl.) clipped hair abgeschnittene Jeans (German pl.) cutoff jeans abgeschnittenes Wort (German n.) truncated word abgeschnitzelt (German) chipped abgeschnürt (German) strangulated abgeschoben (German) deported, pushed off abgeschöpft (German) skimmed abgeschossen (German) killed, drowned, launched abgeschottet (German) isolated, sealed off abgeschrägt (German) sideling, oblique, bevelled, slanted, sloped, chamfered abgeschrägte Kante (German f.) bevelled edge, chamfer abgeschraubt (German) screwed off abgeschreckt (German) deterred abgeschreckter und angelassener Stahl (German m.) quenched and tempered steel abgeschrieben (German) copied, written off abgeschuftet (German) slaved abgeschürft (German) grazed abgeschüttelt (German) shaken off abgeschwächt (German) understated, weakened, extenuated, attentuated, sluggish (response, reflex, muscles) abgeschwächt darstellen (German) to understate abgeschwächter Leistungsverdienstanstieg (German m.) reduced incentive abgeschweift (German) digressed abgeschwenkt (German) deviated abgeschworen (German) forsworn, adjured abgesegelt (German) sailed (off, away) abgesehen davon (German) apart from this, that said (nevertheless) abgesehen davon, dass ... (German) quite apart from the fact that ..., other than the fact that ... abgesehen von (German) besides, outside of, apart from, bar, except for, aside from, barring, separate from abgesehen von ... (German) ... aside abgesehen von einigen Fehlern (German) apart from a few mistakes, besides a few mistakes abgesehen von einigen kleineren Fehlern (German) apart from some minor errors abgesehen von Unfällen (German) barring accidents abgeseilt (German) abseiled abgesenkt (German) lowered abgesessen (German) dismounted abgesetzt (German) degraded, discharged, precipitated, deposed, offset (German) (in music) detached (touch), separato (Italian), staccato (Italian), getrennt (German), détaché (French) abgesichert (German) fail-safe, secured, fused abgesichert durch eine Hypothek (German) secured by a mortgage abgesicherte Forderungen (German pl.) debts covered by security abgesicherter Gläubiger (German m.) secured creditor abgesiebt (German) sieved abgesondert (German) segregated, sequestered, abstracted, slitary, secluded, isolated, separated, separate, apart, apart from, secreted abgesondertes Wohnviertel (German n.) ghetto abgespalten (German) split off, schismatic abgespannt (German) drawn, weary, jaded, haggard, harassed Abgespanntheit (German f.) exhaustion, weariness abgespeckt (German) pared-down, trimmed (slimmed down), downgraded abgesperrt (German) closed off, locked, fenced off, cordoned off abgespiegelt (German) reflected abgesplittert (German) splintered abgesprochen (German) agreed, arranged abgesprochene Bedingungen (German pl.) terms arranged abgespült (German) washed up abgestammt (German) descended, stemmed abgestanden (German) stale, stagnant Abgestandenheit (German f.) staleness abgestaubt (German) dusted abgestellt (German) stored (away), parked, stabled, put down, off abgestempelt (German) postmarked, stamped abgestempeltes Dokument (German n.) stamped document abgesteppt (German) stitched abgestimmt (German) voted. tuned, attuned, syntonic, coordinated, pitched, concerted, aligned abgestimmt handeln (German) to act in sync, to act as one (slang) abgestimmte Bewegung (German f.) co-ordinated movement abgestimmter Schwingungskreis (German m.) tuned circuit abgestimmtes Handeln (German n.) concerted action abgestochen (German) contrasted with, parted off abgestorben (German) necrotic, dead, gone dead abgestorben für (German) dead to abgestorbener Baum (German m.) dead tree Abgestorbenheit (German f.) deadness abgestoßen (German) disgusted, battered (distressed) (German, literally 'struck off' - in effected 'shortened') or abstoßen, to play notes detached, to play staccato, a term particularly associated with eighteenth-century string playing (German) or gestoßen (German), detached, jerky (for example, manner of speech or manner of playing a musical line), staccato (Italian), détaché (French), piqué (French) abgestossen (German, literally 'struck off' - in effected 'shortened') or gestossen, to play notes detached, to play staccato, a term particularly associated with eighteenth-century string playing abgestrahlt (German) radiated abgestrichen (German) wiped off abgestuft (German) graduated, graded, stepped, shaded (colours) abgestufter Springer (German m.) dogleg jack (on a harpsichord) abgestumpft (German) jaded, blunted, apathetic, deadened, indifferent, blunt (to), deaf (to) Abgestumpftheit (German f.) deadness, apathy and insensitivity abgestürzt (German) grounded, precipitated, fallen, crashed abgestützt (German) supported abgesucht (German) searched abgesunken (German) sagged abgetakelt (German) unrigged, worn out, run-down abgetan (German) waved aside (figurative) abgetastet (German) felt, sampled, scanned abgetastete Werte (German pl.) sampled data abgeteilt (German) parcelled, divided abgetippt (German) typewritten abgetötet (German) deadened abgetragen (German) degraded, threadbare, worn through, raddled, shabby, worn out, badly worn, seedy, well-worn (jacket) abgetragene Kleider (German pl.) worn clothes abgetragene Kleidung (German f.) worn-out clothes abgetragene Schuhe (German pl.) worn-out shoes abgetragener Mantel (German m.) shabby coat abgetrennt (German) separated, off-line, severed abgetreppt (German) stepped abgetreten (German) worn down, worn out, worn off, ceded, assigned abgetrieben (German) drifted abgetrocknet (German) dried abgetropft (German) drained (salad, etc.) abgetupft (German) dabbed abgeurteilt (German) condemned abgewählt (German) deselected abgewälzt (German) shifted abgewandelt (German) modified abgewandert (German) migrated abgewanderte Kunden zurückgewinnen (German) to get back lost customers abgewandt (German) turned away (with one's back to somebody), averted (eyes, gaze, etc.) abgewartet (German) waited for, bided (one's time) abgewaschen (German) sluiced out, sluiced down abgewechselt (German) alternated abgewehrt (German) fended, parried, repelled abgeweidet (German) browsed abgewendet (German) averted abgewertet (German) devalued abgewertete Währung (German f.) depreciated or devalued currency abgewetzt (German) threadbare abgewetzt (German) chafed, battered (case, etc.), well-worn, threadbare, scuffed, dog-eared abgewichen (German) drifted, deviated abgewickelt (German) liquidated, unwound (affairs), transacted abgewickeltes Geschäft (German n.) business transacted abgewiegelt (German) appeased abgewiesen (German) dismissed, rejected, refused, repulsed abgewiesen werden (German) to be turned away, to be crowded out abgewinkelt (German) angled abgewinnen (German) to take pleasure in abgewirtschaftet (German) ruined, run-down abgewischt (German) wiped abgewogen (German) weighed, balanced (judgement), carefully considered (account) abgewöhnen (German) to give up abgewöhnend (German) giving up abgewöhnt (German) given up abgewonnen (German) taken pleasure in abgeworben (German) headhunted, stolen (staff, customers), poached (staff, customers), wooed away, enticed away abgeworfen (German) dropped, unhorsed abgeworfen werden (German) to be thrown abgewürgt (German) stalled abgezählt (German) counted, paid-up, paid up, numbered abgezahlte Schuld (German f.) paid-up debt abgezapft (German) drawn off abgezäunt (German) fenced off abgezehrt (German) emaciated, haggard abgezielt (German) aimed at, tended abgezirkelt (German) with calculated precision, carefully weighed (words), measured out (spaces, etc.) abgezockt werden (German) to be ripped off (colloquial) abgezogen (German) unplugged, abstrated, deducted, ground-off, removed, abstract abgezogene Gebühren (German pl.) charges deducted abgezogener Betrag (German m.) amount deducted abgezweigt (German) alienated, branched off abgießen (German) to decant, to pour off abgießend (German) pouring off, decanting abgk. abbreviation of abgekürzt (German: abbreviated) Abglanz (German m.) reflection, reflected glory, distant echo Abgleich (German m.) matching, comparison, trimming, equalisation, tuning, balance, adjustment, balancing, alignment, reconciliation Abgleich der Konten (German m.) reconciliation of accounts Abgleich der Salden (German m.) settlement of accounts Abgleich von Interessen (German m.) reconciliation of interests Abgleichdaten (German f.) comparison of data Abgleichen (German n.) balancing abgleichen (German) to tune, to synchronise, to match, to balance, to collate, to align, to equalise, to square, to calibrate abgleichend (German) reconciliatory Abgleichfehler (German m.) alignment fault, calibration error Abgleichpunkt (German m.) balance point Abgleiten (German n.) lapse, slipping abgleiten (German) to glance off (sword), to slip, to slide abgleitend (German) sliding Abgott (s.), Abgötter (pl.) (German m.) idol, false god, tin god Abgötterei (German f.) idolatrousness, idolatry, idolisation abgöttisch (German) idolatrous, idolatrously [entry corrected by Michael Zapf] abgöttisch lieben (German) to idolise abgraben (German) to dig out Abgrabung (German f.) excavation site, excavation abgrasen (German) to graze abgrasend (German) grazing Abgratwerkzeug (German n.) trimming tool abgreifen (German) to tap, to pickup, to pick off abgreifend (German) thumbing abgrenzbar (German) definable abgrenzen (German) to define, to demarcate, to mark out, to delimit, to mark down, to isolate abgrenzend (German) marking-off, delimiting Abgrenzung (s.), Abgrenzungen (pl.) (German f.) demarcation, delimitation, borderline, boundary (bounds pl.), differentiation, dissociation, distinction, apportionment Abgrenzungsdatum (German n.) accrual date Abgrenzungsstreitigkeiten (German pl.) demarcation dispute Abgriff (German m.) pickup Abgrund (s.), Abgründe (pl.) (German m.) bottomless pit, deep, precipice, chasm, abyss Abgrund der Verzweiflung (German m.) abyss of despair abgründig (German) abysmal, inscrutable, cryptic, unfathomable Abgrund öffnete sich (German) chasm opened out, chasm yawned abgrundtief (German) abysmal, abysmally Abguß (German m.) cast Abguss (s.), Abgüsse (pl.) (German m.) casting, cast Abh. abbreviation of Abhandlungen (German: transactions, treatises) abhacken (German) to hew off, to lop off, to lop, to hack off, to chop, to chop off abhackend (German) chopping abhaken (German) to tick, to tally, to tick off, to forget (figurative) Abhakliste (German f.) check list, tally, tally sheet abhalftern (German) to take the halter off (an animal) abhalten (German) to discourage, to keep out, to keep off, to deter, to detain, to ward off, to keep away, to hold abhaltend (German) detaining, keeping from abhalten von (German) to prevent from, to keep from Abhaltung (German f.) disincentive Abhaltung einer Versammlung (German f.) conducting of a meeting abhandeln (German) to treat (a topic or subject) abhanden gekommenes Dokument (German n. - older form) lost document Abhandenkommen (German n.) loss abhanden kommen (German - older form) to get lost, to go astray abhandengekommen (German) lost abhandengekommenes Dokument (German n.) lost document abhandenkommen (German) to go astray, to get lost Abhandlung (s.), Abhandlungen (pl.) (German f.) treatise, essay, discourse, disquisition, tract [entry corrected by Michael Zapf] Abhandlung von der Fuge (German f.) treatise on the fugue Abhang (s.), Abhänge (pl.) (German m.) descent, slope, side of a hill, hillside Abhangdecke (German f.) suspended ceiling abhängen (German) to depend, to uncouple, to hang out (colloquial) abhängen von (German) to ride on, to be the subject of, to be dependent on, to hinge on, to depend on abhängend (German) hinging, depending, taking down abhängend von (German) depending on Abhänger (German m.) suspending bracket abhängig (German) indentured, dependently, conditional, dependent, subordinate, oblique, addicted (drugs) Abhanga devotional metrical poetry in Marathi Abhängige (German f. s./pl.) addict, dependent (female) abhängig Beschäftigte (German pl.) employees abhängige Beschäftigung (German f.) paid employment abhängige Beziehung (German f.) dependent relationship abhängige Gebühr (German f.) contingent fee abhängige Kosten (German pl.) contingent expenses Abhängiger (German m.) addict, dependent (male) abhängiger Staat (German m.) satellite (country, state) abhängige Variable (German f.) dependent variable abhängige Verpflichtungen (German pl.) contingent liabilities Abhängigkeit (s.), Abhängigkeiten (pl.) (German f.) addiction, dependence, dependency, subordination, subjection Abhängigkeitsgefühl (German n.) emotional dependence Abhängigkeitsverhältnis (German n.) dependency Abhängigkeit von (German f.) dependency on, dependence on, addition to, reliance on Abhängigkeit von Kokain (German f.) cocaine addiction abhängig machend (German) addictive abhängig machen von (German) to make conditional on abhängig sein (German) to piggyback (on) abhängig sein von (German) to be depending on, to hinge on, to depend on, to be reliant on, to be reliant upon abhängig vom Tourismus (German) dependent on tourism abhängig vom Wetter (German) dependant on the weather abhängig von (German) contingent on, subject to, subordinate to, depending on, contingent upon, dependent on, determined by abhängig von der Leistung (German) based on merit abhängig von der Nachfrage (German) relative to demand abhängig von positiven Referenzen (German) subject to favourable references Abhängung (German f.) suspension abhärten (German) to inure, to temper, to harden Abhärtung (German f.) inurement, hardening abhauen (German) to cut (chop off), to hew off, to cut down, to cut away, to chip off to scoot (colloquial), to run away, to scram (colloquial), to elope, to clear out (colloquial), to shove off (colloquial), to take a running jump (colloquial), to slip off, to scarper (colloquial), to leg it (colloquial), to bail out (colloquial), to bolt Abhäutemesser (German n.) skinning knife abhäuten (German) to skin Abheben (German n.) lift-off (rocket), take-off, withdrawal (money), loss of adhesion abheben (German) to get airborne, to lift off, to blast off (rocket), to lift (off), to withdraw from Abheben von Geld (German n.) withdrawal of money abhebend (German) lifting Abhebung (German f.) withdrawal (from an account), draft (money) Abhebung von Geld (German f.) withdrawal of money Abhebung von Geldern (German f.) withdrawal of funds Abhebungen (German pl.) drawings, withdrawals Abhebungsformular (German n.) withdrawal slip (banking) abheften (German) to file abheilen (German) to heal Abheilung (German f.) healing abheilend (German) healing abhelfen (German) to remedy, to relieve, to redress abhelfend (German) remedially, remedying, remedial abhetzen (German) to rush about ab heute (German) as from today, starting today Abhilfe (s.), Abhilfen (p.) (German f.) remedy, relief, redress, remedial action, corrective Abhilfe finden (German) to find a remedy Abhilfe schaffen (German) to take (remedial) action, to remedy Abhilfemaßnahme (German f.) corrective action, remedial action Abhilfemaßnahmen (German pl.) corrective measures ab hinc (Latin) from here on abhobeln (German) to plane off Abhol- und Zustellservice (German m.) pick up and delivery service Abholadresse (German f.) pick-up address, collection address abholbereit (German) ready for collection abholen (German) to collect, to call for (as person), to meet (someone somewhere), to come for Abholfach (German n.) pigeon-hole Abholgeschäft (German n.) cash and carry (shop, store) Abholgroßhandelsmarkt (German m.) cash and carry Abholgroßhändler (German m.) cash-and-carry wholesaler Abholgroßmarkt (German m.) cash-and-carry supermarket Abholrestaurant (German n.) takeaway shop Abholservice (German m.) pick-up service, collection service Abholtermin (German m.) pick-up date, collection date Abholung (German f.) collection Abholung {f} von Briefen (German f.) collection of letters Abholung {f} von Paketen (German f.) collection of parcels Abholung und Anlieferung (German f.) collection and delivery Abholungsauftrag (German m.) collection order Abholzeit (German f.) collection time Abholzen (German n.) deforestation abholzen (German) to deforest Abholzung (German f.) logging, deforestation adhorchen (German) to sound, to listen, to ausculate Abhören (German n.) wiretapping, eavesdropping, ausculation, bugging (colloquial) abhören (German) to listen to (for example, as in testing somebody on some aspect of their knowledge of something), to sound, to take a listem (colloquial), to spy upon, to ausculate Abhören von Telefonen (German n.) phone tapping Abhörgerät (German n.) bugging device, monitor, wiretap, listening device Abhörkabine (German f.) listening booth Abhörplatz (German m.) listening place Abhorrence disgust, detestation Abhorrent disgusting, hateful, loathsome abhorrer (French) to loathe, to abhor, to abominate abhorreszieren (German) to abhor Abhörvorrichtung (German f.) bugging device abhusten (German) to expectorate, to cough up (phlegm) Abide act in accordance with Abide with me a hymn, words written by the Revd. Henry Francis Lyte (1793-1847), set to the tune 'Eventide' composed by the organist William Henry Monk (1823-1890), and to which a descant was added written by Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) Abide with me (Hymn) Abiding enduring, permanent Abidjan (English, French) largest city of the Ivory Coast à bientôt (French) see you again soon! Abierto (Spanish m.) open (tournament) abierto (m.), abierta (f.) (Spanish) open, (turned) on, clear (intentions), open-minded (receptive), split (wood, etc.), undone abierto a (m.), abierta a (f.) (Spanish) open to (open-minded) Abietin a resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam, abietic derivatives are used in the rubber, printing ink and lubricant industries. Abietins are derived from rosin, much like tar acids are derived from the partial decarbonation of rosin. They find ample use in the rubber industry as tackifying agents due to their good plasticising properties Abiétine (French f.) abietin Abigail used in general sense of 'lady's maid', from a character of that name in Beaumont & Fletcher's The Scornful Lady (1616) the Biblical origin of the name refers to Abigail (1 Samuel 25:24-8) who repeatedly called herself David's handmaiden hence, Abigails and Andrews, a collective term for servants abigarrado (m.), abigarrada (f.) (Spanish) multi-coloured, multicoloured, mixed (heterogeneous) Abigarramiento (Spanish m.) variegation abigarrar (Spanish) to paint in a variety of colours Abigeato (Spanish m. - Mexico) rustling abile (Italian) clever (intelligent) Abilità (Italian f.) ability, fitness, cleverness Abilitazione (Italian f.) qualification, diploma abilitato (Italian) qualified Ability talent, capacity, power abilmente (Italian) ably, cleverly Abime (French m.) abyss, gulf (abyss), chasm, ravine Abîme (French m.) abyss, gulf (abyss), chasm, ravine abimé (m.), abimée (f.) (French) spoilt, garbled abîmé (m.), abîmée (f.) (French) spoilt, garbled Abime de découragement (French m.) slough of despond (for example, as in Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan) Abîme de découragement (French m.) slough of despond (for example, as in Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan) abimer (French) to damage, to ruin, to destroy, to hurt (an object), to spoil abîmer (French) to damage, to ruin, to destroy, to hurt (an object), to spoil abimer la santé (French) to impair (health) abîmer la santé (French) to impair (health) abimer, s' see s'abimer abîmer, s' see s'abîmer ab init. abbreviation of ab initio (Latin: from the beginning) ab incunabulis (Latin) from the cradle ab initio (Latin) from the beginning, ab inizio (Italian), (noch einmal) vom Anfang an (German) ab inizio (Italian) from the beginning, ab initio (Latin), (noch einmal) vom Anfang an (German) ab intestato (Latin) having made no will abiogène (French) abiogenic Abiogenèse (French f.) abiogenesis abiogenic of chemicals, not produced by means of biochemical activity of organisms while alive Abiogenesis the production of chemicals by a process that does not make use live organisms Abiose (French f.) abiosis Abiosis absence of life Abiotic in biology, non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment Abiotic factors nonliving elements that impact the growth, composition, and structure of the forest (e.g., soil, climate, topography) abiotique (French) abiotic abirren (German) to stray, to stray off abirrend (German) straying, abberant Abirrung (German f.) aberrance, abberation abisal (Spanish) abysmal (very deep), abyssal (of the ocean) abismal (Spanish) abysmal, deep abismante (Spanish) extraordinary, breathtaking (extraordinary), staggering (extraordinary) abismar (Spanish) to throw into an abyss, to humble (figurative) (Spanish - Latin America) to amaze abismarse to be absorbed, to be lost abismarse en to be absorbed in, to be lost in Abismo (Spanish m.) world of difference (figurative), abyss, gulf (figurative), rift (figurative) Abisolieren (German n.) stripping, skinning abisolieren (German) to skin, to strip, to remove insulation (wire, cable) Abisolierer (German m.) wire stripper, stripper (colloquial), stripping tool Abisolierermesser (German n.) (cable) stripping knife Abisoliergerät (German n.) insulation stripper abisoliert (German) stripped (insulated wires and cables), bare Abisolierwerkzeug (German n.) stripping tool, stripper (colloquial), wire stripper Abisolierzange (German f.) wire stripping pliers, stripper Abisolierzange (German f.) stripping pliers (used by electricians) Abisso (Italian m.) abyss abit. abbreviation of abitazione (Italian f.: home) Abitante (Italian m./f.) inhabitant abitare (Italian) to live Abitato (Italian m.) built-up area abitato (Italian) inhabited Abitazione (Italian f.) home Abito (Italian m.) dress (of a woman), suit (of a man) abituale (Italian) usual, habitual abitualmente (Italian) usually Abitudine (Italian f.) habit Abitudinario (m.), Abitudinara (f.) (Italian) person of fixed habits Abitur (German n.) German equivalent of A-levels in the UK, school leaving examination, higher education entrance qualification (in Germany) Abiturient (m.), Abiturientin (f.) (German) high-school graduate Abiturprüfung (German f.) school leaving examination Abiturzeugnis (German n.) Abitur certificate, graduation diploma (US), GCE A-levels (UK) abizcochado (Spanish) spongy a bizzeffe (Italian) galore abjagen (German) to recover from, to snatch away abjagend (German) recovering from Abject (English) miserable, wretched, abbattuto (Italian - depressed), abietto (Italian), erbärmlich (German), demütig (German : humble), miserable (Spanish - wretched) abject (m.), abjecte (f.) (French) low (abject), abject (despicable) Abjection (English, French f.) abasement, a low or downcast state ab jetzt (German) as of now, henceforth, hence (archaic, formal) Abjuración (Spanish f.) retraction, adjuration abjurar (Spanish) to abjure, to renounce, to forswear abjurar de (Spanish) to forswear Abjuration (English, French f.) a renunciation or retraction, under oath, of heresy to the Christian faith, made by a Christian wishing to be reconciled with the Church abjurer (French) to recant, to retract, to renounce (to surrender) Abk. abbreviation for Abkürzung (German f.: abbreviation) abkacken to pack up (i.e. to break down, to stop working) (colloquail) Abkantbank (German f.) sheet metal bender, sheet metal folder abkanten (German) to trim, to chamfer, to bevel, to bend (with a press), to fold (with a folding machine) abkantend (German) folding Abkantung (German f.) Phase (German f.), Randel (German n.), chanfrein (French f.), smusso (Italian m.), chamfer, a bevelled surface at an edge or corner Abkantloch (German n.) film register hole (as on cinefilm) Abkantmaschine (German f.) edging machine, folding machine Abkantpresse (German f.) folding press, edging press, bending press Abkantung (German f.) splay Abkantung (German f.) angle of bend abkanzeln (German) to reprimand, to give a dressing-down Abkanzelung (German f.) dressing-down, reprimand abkapseln (German) to encapsulate Abkapselung (German f.) encapsulation, isoltation abkassieren (German) to ask to pay, to cash up abkauen (German) to chew (fingernails) abkaufen (German) to buy from, to accept abkaufend (German) buying from Abkehr (German f.) backsliding, renunciation, turning away abkehren (German) to turn away abkellen (German) to trowel Abkhaze (French m./f.) Abkhazian (person) abkhaze (French) Abkhazian Abkhazia an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea Abkhazian of or pertaining to Abkhazia, the autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea Abkhazie (French f.) Abkhazia abklappbar (German) removable, foldable, outwardly opening, folding down abklären (German) to settle, toclarify, to straighten out, to clear abklärend (German) clarifying Abklärung (German f.) clarification, explanation, investigation Abklatsch (German m.) poor imitation, copy abklatschen (German) to (give a) high five abkleben (German) to mask (for protection) abklebend (German) masking Abklemm-Gripzange (German f.) sealing grip pliers abklemmen (German) to disconnect, to pinch off abklemmend (German) pinching off abklettern (German) to downclimb (make a difficult descent) Abklingcharakteristik (German f.) decay characteristic Abklingen (German n.) damping, abatement, remission abklingen (German) to wear off (feeling), to decay, to fade away, to abate, to die down, to die away, to go down (temperature, fever), to ease (ache, pain), to subside (storm) abklingend (German) fading away abklingend (German) fading away abklingende Schwingung (German f.) decaying oscillation abklingender Strom (German m.) decaying current Abklingfaktor (German m.) decay factor Abklingkonstante (German f.) decay constant Abklingkonstante, (Dämpfungs-) (German f.) damping coefficient Abklingzeit (German f.) decay time Abklingzeitkonstante (German f.) damping time constant Abklopfen (German n.) percussion (striking) abklopfen (German) to dust down, to sound, to percuss, to tap (to examine), to sound out (also figurative), to stop the orchestra, to knock off (remove by hitting or tapping), to brush off abknabbern (German) to nibble off abknabbernd (German) nibbling off abknallen (German) to bump off, to blow away (both colloquial expressions meaning 'to kill') abknallend (German) bumping off, blowing away (both colloquial expressions meaning 'killing') abknicken (German) to deviate, to snap off, to break abknickend (German) kinking (cable, etc.), snapping off Abknickung (German f.) kinking abknutschen (German) to smother with kisses abkommandieren (German) to commandeer, to draft abkommandierend (German) assigning Abkomme (s.), Abkommen (pl.) (German m.) descendant Abkommen (German n.) arrangement, treaty, compact, reciprocal agreement, accord, deal, agreement, convention abkommen (German) to deviate, to swing off (road, patch, etc.) Abkommen mit den Gläubigern (German n.) arrangement with creditors abkömmlich (German) available (of a person), free Abkömmling (s.), Abkömmlinge (pl.) (German m.) progeny, decendant, derivative, issue (plural) abkoppeln (German) to unbuckle, to unhitch, to disconnect, to untie, to undock, to uncouple, to decouple abkoppelnd (German) uncoupling Abkoppelung (German f.) disconnection abkrabbeln (German) to unscramble abkrabbelnd (German) unscrambling abkratzen (German) to scrape off, to scrape, to scrape away (German) to snuff it, to croak, to kick the bucket, to bite the dust (all colloquial expressions meaning 'to die') abkratzend (German) scraping off abkriegend (German) getting Abkühlen (German n.) cooling, clling down, cooling-off abkühlen (German) to quench, to cool off, to damp, to slump, to cool down, to cool, to chill down, to cast a chill on abkühlen lassen (German) to leave to cool (down) abkühlend (German) cooling, cooling off Abkühlgeschwindigkeit (German f.) rate of cooling Abkühlung (German f.) cooling down, cooling, chilling, cooling off, slump, slow-down Abkühlungsfrist (German f.) cooling-off period Abkühlungsperiode (German f.) cooling-off period Abkühlzeit (German f.) cooling off period abkündigen (ein Produkt) (German) to discontinue (a product) Abkunft (German f.) parentage, descent abkupfern (German) to plagiarize, to copy Abkuppeln (German n.) decoupling, uncoupling abkuppeln (German) to decouple, to uncouple abkürzen (German) to shorten, to abbreviate, to curtail, to cut a corner, to cut short, to abridge abkürzend (German) abbreviatory, abbreviating Abkürzer (German m.) abbreviator Abkürzung (s.), Abkürzungen (pl.) (German f.) abridgement, shortcut, curtailment (German f.) abbreviation, abbreviazione (Italian f.), abréviation (French f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.) (German f.) short cut Abkürzungsverzeichnis (German n.) list of abbreviations Abkürzungsweg (German m.) shortcut, short cut Abkürzungszeichen (German n.) abbreviation abküssend (German) smothering with kisses abl abbreviation of abril (Spanish: April) abl. abbreviation of ablative (case (in Latin) of nouns and pronouns indicating an agent, instrument, or location) ablachen (German) to split one's sides laughing (figurative) abladen (German) to set down a load, to offload, to discharge, to unload Abladeplatz (s.), Abladeplätze (pl.) (German m.) unloading point Abladestelle (German f.) unloading point, unloading area Ablage (German f.) storage place, shelf, rack, stacking, clipboard, deposit, deposition, filing, pocket, tray Ablage für Eingänge (German f.) in-tray Ablage zu den Akten (German f.) ad acta (Latin), on file, in the archives Ablagefach (German n.) pigeon-hole, pocket, storage compartment Ablagekasten (German m.) tray Ablagekorb (German m.) filing tray, filing basket Ablagemagazin (German n.) stacker (for magazines, etc.) ab Lager (German) off the shelf, ex warehouse ablagern (German) to deposit, to season (timber) ablagern lassen (German) to age ab Lager lieferbar (German) available ex stock, available from stock ablagernd (German) depositing Ablagerung (s.), Ablagerungen )(pl.) (German f.) debris, deposit, sediment, precipitate, deposition, residue, sedimentation, stratification Ablagerungsgeschwindigkeit (German f.) deposition rate Ablagerungsrate (German f.) deposition rate Ablageschrank (German m.) filing cabinet Ablagesystem (German m.) filing system Ablandamiento (Spanish m.) softening ablandar (Spanish) to soften (wax, leather, person, etc), to tenderise (meat), to melt (heart) ablandarse (Spanish) to soften (wax, leather, look), to soften up (person) ablängen (German) to cut to length, to crosscut Ablängsäge (German f.) crosscut saw Ablass (German m.) discharge, indulgence Ablassen (German n.) release (of steam), lowering (price, etc.), jettisoning (of fuel) ablassen (German) to knock (something) off (the price of something), to let out (air), to empty, to release (steam), to drain, to exhaust, to let off, to jettison (fuel) ablassend (German) desisting, letting off ablassen von (German) to stay (archaic: cease, desist), to desist from, to cease from Ablaßhandel (German m. - older form) sale of indulgences, selling of indulgences Ablasshandel (German m.) sale of indulgences, selling of indulgences Ablasshändler (German m.) pardoner Ablassjahr (German n.) jubilee Ablasswoche (German f.) or Fronleichnamswoche (German f.), week of Corpus Christi ablatif (French) or à l'ablatif (French), ablative Ablation (English, French f.) removal Ablative relating to the ablative case, the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb case (in Latin) of nouns and pronouns indicating an agent, instrument, or location of or pertaining to wearing away due to erosion from gases, oxidation, and heat Ablauf (s.), Abläufe (pl.) (German m.) expiry, expiration, termination, lapse of a treaty, lapse, end (German m.) sequence, procedure, execution, order of events, process, course, cycle (periodic), run, flow [entry provided by Brian A. Jefferies] (German m.) drain, flowing off Ablaufdatum (German n.) expiry, expiry date, expiration date Ablauf der Ereignisse (German m.) progress of events Ablauf der Frist (German m.) expiration of a deadline Ablauf der Kündigungsfrist (German m.) expiration of a period of notice Ablauf der Zeit (German m.) lapse of time Ablauf des Patentschutzes (German m.) patent expiration Ablauf des Vertrages (German m.) expiration of contract Ablaufdatum (German n.) expiry, expiry date, expiration date Ablaufdiagramm (German n.) flow chart, flow diagram Ablauf einer Zurückstellung (German m.) period of postponement Ablauf eines Geschäfts (German m.) course of business Ablauf eines Vertrags (German m.) lapse of a contract Ablaufen (German n.) expiration ablaufen (German) to expire, to run out of (time), to execute, to pass, to run down, to proceed, to laspe, to run, to run off, to pass off, to elapse ablaufen lassen (German) to pay out (rope) ablaufend (German) expiring Ablauforganisation (German f.) operational structure, industrial engineering, methods and procedures Ablaufplan (German m.) flow chart, schedule, storyboard, time sequence Ablaufplansymbol (German n.) flowchart symbol Ablaufplanung (German f.) sequencing Ablaufprogramm (German n.) schedule Ablaufschaubild (German n.) flow chart Ablaufzeit (German f.) elapsed time Ablaut (s.), Ablaute (pl.) (German) or 'apophony', a term used in linguistics to describe regular vowel gradation of a word in derivation. So, for example, the vowels of such groups of English forms as 'sing', 'sang', 'sung' are related by Ablaut. The term was coined in the early nineteenth century by the linguist Jacob Grimm, though the phenomenon was first described a century earlier by the Dutch linguist Lambert ten Kate in his book Gemeenschap tussen de Gottische spraeke en de Nederduytsche (Commonality between the Gothic language and Dutch, 1710) Indo-European ablaut from which some of this information has been taken abläuten (German) to ring off, to undergo ablaut Ableben (German n.) demise, death ableben (German) to die, to decease Able-bodied fit, healthy ablecken (German) to lick off ableckend (German) licking off Ablegen (German n.) removal (of garments, etc.) ablegen (German) to discard, to shed, to file away, to deposit, to cast off, to take off, to place down, to put out to sea, to file (letter, etc.), to unlearn ablegend (German) discarding, depositing Ableger (German m.) scion, offset, cutting, offshoot, sprig, layer, subsiduary (of a company), branch (of a company) Ableger einer Firma (German m.) spin-off Ablegerserie (German f.) spin-off Ablegung des Eides (German f.) act of swearing ablehnen (German) to deny, to dismiss, to damn, to blackball, to answer in the negative, to vote down, to decline, to defeat, to refuse, to turn down (offer, etc.), to spurn, to deprecate, to depreciate, to disclaim, to disown, to reject, to repudiate, to object, to overrule, to dislike, to oppose, to say no ablehnend (German) hostile, judgemental (critical), renunciatory, negative, spurning, repudiating, refusing, disowning, disliking, disclaiming, deprecating, declining, adverse, negatory ablehnende Antwort (German f.) negative reply, nagative response ablehnende emotionale Reaktion (German f.) adverse emotional reaction ablehnende Entscheidung (German f.) adverse decision ablehnende Veröffentlichungen (German pl.) adverse publicity Ablehnung (s), Ablehnungen (pl.) (German f.) answer in the negative, damnation, defeat, turning-away, rejection, refusal, negative answer, dismissal, failure, challenge Ablehnung aus Gewissensgründen (German f.) conscientious objection Ablehnung eines Angebots (German f.) turning-down of an offer Ablehnung eines Antrags (German f.) dismissal of a motion Ablehnung eines Geschworenen ohne Angabe von Gründen (German f.) peremptory challenge Ablehnung eines Vorschlags (German f.) rejection of a proposal Ablehnungshinweis (German m.) disclaimer Ablehnungsschreiben (German n.) letter of regret ableisten (German) to fulfil ableistend (German) fulfilling ableitbar (German) derivable, inferable, deducible, inducible Ableitbarkeit (German f.) derivability, deducibility ableiten (German) to channel off, to deduce, to delfect, to conduct away (heat, etc.), to bleed off (air), to derive, to drain, to dissipate, to divert, to derivate ableiten von (German) to derive from, to take from, to deduce from ableitend (German) deriving, deducing Ableitung (German f.) act of deriving, effluent, leakage, derivation, derivative, dissipation, deduction, revulsion, deflection Ableitungen (German pl.) recordings, leads, derivations, derivatives Ableitungsregel (German f.) inference rule Ableitungsverlust (German m.) loss by leakage ablenken (German) to sidetrack, to deviate, to divert, to refact, to avert, to deflect, to abstract, to distract, to turn away, to diffract (light) ablenkend (German) diverting, distracting, deflecting Ablenker (German m.) deflector Ablenkung (s.), Ablenkungen (pl.) (German f.) deviation, distraction, deflection, abstraction, diversion Ablenkungsmanöver (German n.) diversionary tactic, red herring, diversion Ablenkungsoperation (German f.) decoy operation Ablenkungstaktik (German f.) diversionary tactic Ablenkungsversuch (German m.) camouflage Ablenkungswinkel (German m.) angle of divergence ablesbar (German) legible, readable Ablesung (German f.) reading (on a dial, etc.) Ableugnen (German n.) denial ableugnen (German) to disavow, to abnegate, to disclaim, to deny, to disown, to forswear ableugnend (German) abnegating, disavowing, denying Ableugnung (German f.) repudiation, disavowal (of one's words), contradiction, abnegation ablichten (German) to photocopy, to copy, to xerox Ablichtung (German f.) photocopy, copy Ablichtung eines Zeugnisses (German f.) copy of testimonial Ablichtungen (German pl.) photographs abliefern (German) to deliver, to turn in (colloquial) Ablieferung (s.), Ablieferungen (pl.) (German f.) delivery Ablieferungsanzeige (German f.) delivery advice abliegen (German) to be far off abliegend (German) remote, being far off à bloc (French) hard, tight Ablochbeleg (German m.) punch form ablösbar (German) removable, detachable, commutable ablöschen (German) to blot (dry with blotting paper), to deglaze ablöschend (German) extinguishing Ablöse (German pl.) fixtures and fittings Ablöse (German f.) transfer fee, key money (in a rented apartment, etc.) ablösen (German, literally 'loosen' or 'detach') to play notes detached, to play staccato Ablöseklausel (German f.) buy-out clause ablösen (German) to supersede, to alternate, to take over from, to unsolder, to remove, to take off, to amputate, to redeem, to peel away, to detach, to clear off, to release (from a guarantee, etc.), to take over from, to relieve (a sentry) in music, with the sense 'to detach', a term meaning 'to separate the notes' (i.e. to play staccato), 'to remove the finger from a key', and so on ablösend (German) replacing, unsoldering, detaching Ablösesumme (German f.) transfer fee Ablösung (German f.) repayment, detachment, relief, redemption, removal, relay Ablösung von Laminatschichten (German f.) delamination ablöten (German) to unsolder, to desolder Ablución (Spanish f.) ablution Abluft (German f.) spent air, used air, exhaust air, extracted air Abluftfahne (German f.) plume (of smoke) Abluftventilator (German m.) extractor fan ablusado (m.), ablusada (f.) (Spanish) loose (fitting), baggy Ablution (English, French f., German f.) (in its religous sense) ceremonial washing of hands, sacred vessels, etc. (English, French f., German f.) (in a more general sense) washing of hands (as in faire ses ablutions), toilette (French f.) abmachen (German) to settle, to untack, to arrange, to agree, to stipulate Abmachung (s.), Abmachungen (pl.) (German f.) understanding, deal, convention, accord, agreement, settlement, arrangement, bargain, stipulation Abmachung (German f.) agreement Abmagern (German n.) slimming abmagern (German) to attenuate, to macerate, to lose weight abmagernd (German) losing weight, peaking Abmagerung (German f.) emaciation, slimline Abmagerungskur (German f.) reducing diet abmähen (German) to cut down, to scythe, to mow down abmähend (German) scything abmahnen (German) to admonish Abmahnung (German f.) warning, dissuasiveness Abmahnung mit Unterlassungsaufforderung (German f.) cease-and-desist order abmalen (German) to portray abmanteln (German) to dismantle, to strip (wire, etc.) Abmantelwerkzeug (German n.) (wire) insulation stripper Abmarsch (German m.) start, decampment abmarschbereit (German) ready to leave abmarschieren (German) to decamp, to march off abmarschieren (German) to march off abmarschierend (German) decamping, marching off abmarschiert (German) marched off, decamped Abmaß (s.), Abmaße (pl.) (German n.) allowance, deviation, outline permission abmeißeln (German) to chisel off, chiselling abmelden (German) to give notice of departure, to log out (computer) Abmeldung (German f.) logout, notice of departure, checkout, logoff (computer), logging off (computer) abmessen (German) to measure, to gauge, to measure off Abmessung (s.), Abmessungen (pl.) (German f.) measurement, (physical) dimension, size [additional information provided by Brian A. Jefferies] abmildern (German) to moderate, to soften, to water down (figurative), to lessen, to cushion, to attenuate, to tone down, to reduce (to moderate) abmildernd (German) moderating, addolcendo (Italian), becoming sweet, softening, becoming soft, becoming dolce, sanft werdend (German), en adoucissant (French) abmischen (German) to mix abmontieren (German) to dismantle, to dismount, to unrig abmontierend (German) unrigging, dismantling, dismounting abmontiert (German) unrigged, dismantled, dismounted abmühend (German) struggling with abmurksen (German) to do in (colloquial expression meaning to kill) abmusternd (German) paying off