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FP referring to the catalogue prepared by Carl B. Schmidt of music by Francis Poulenc (1899-1963) fp., fpp. fortepiano, 'loud, then immediately p. or pp.' fpf. abbreviation for forte-piano-forte, where the sound starts loudly before softening and then finally growing back to its original strength Fr after E. W. Frisch, the cataloguer of music by Frédéric François Chopin (1810-1849) Fr. abbreviation of 'French' Fraasi (Finnish) (musical) phrase Fracas (French) disturbance, uproar, a noisy quarrel Fracción (Spanish f.) fraction, fragment, faction (political, etc.) Fracción medio (Spanish f.) one half fraction (½) Fracción tres cuartos (Spanish f.) three quarters fraction (¾) Fracción un cuarto (Spanish f.) one quarter fraction (¼) fraccionamiento (Spanish) division, splitting up, breaking up fraccionario (m.), fraccionario (f.) (Spanish) fractional Fracción de compás (Spanish f.) a meter (time signature) set out with one figure above another (for example, 3/4, 2/2, 6/8, etc.) Fracht (s.), Frachten (pl.) (German f.) cargo, freight, carriage, carriage charges, haulage, transportation charges, cost, insurance and freight Fracht- (German) cargo (prefix) Fracht abandonnieren (German) to abandon the cargo Fracht am Zielort zahlbar (German) freight forward Frachtannahme (German f.) acceptance of a consignment Frachtannahmestelle (German f.) goods office Frachtaufkommen (German n.) volume of cargo Frachtberechnung (German f.) freight calculation Fracht bezahlt (German) carriage paid, freight paid Frachtbrief (s.), Frachtbriefe (pl.) (German m.) advice note, consignment note, way bill, carriage note, bill of consignment Frachtbriefdoppel (German m.) duplicate consignment note Frachtbriefduplikat (German n.) duplicate consignment note Frachtbriefnummer (German f.) air waybill number Frachtdienst (German m.) cargo service, cargo-ship Frachtdokument (German n.) freight document Frachteingänge (German pl.) arrivals Frachtempfangsbescheinigung (German f.) freight receipt Fracht entladen (German) to discharge cargo, to unload cargo Frachter (s./pl.) (German m.) freighter, cargo boat, cargo ship, cargo steamer, cargo vessel, carrier Frächter (German m. - Austria) haulier Frachtfähre (German f.) cargo ferry, freight ferry Frachtflug (German m.) cargo flight Frachtflugzeug (German n.) air freighter, cargo aircraft, cargo plane, carrier plane, freighter frachtfrei (German) carriage free, carriage paid, carriage prepaid, free from transportation charges, freight paid, carriage-free frachtfrei bis (German) carriage paid to, freight paid to frachtfrei geliefert (German) delivered free frachtfrei versichert (German) carriage and insurance paid to frachtfrei versichert bis (German) freight and insurance paid to Frachtführer (German m.) carrier, haulier, haulage contractor, hauler, transport carrier Frachtgebühr (s.), Frachtgebühren (pl.) (German f.) freightage, charge for carriage, carriage charge, freight charge Frachtgröße (German f.) size of freight Frachtgut (s.), Frachtgüter (pl.) (German n.) freight, cargo Frachthubschrauber (German m.) cargo helicopter Fracht im Voraus bezahlt (German) freight prepaid, carriage paid Fracht im Voraus zu zahlen (German) freight to be prepaid Frachtkahn (German m.) barge Frachtkonto (German n.) carriage account, freight account Frachtkosten (German pl.) freight charges, freight costs, carrying charge, cost of freight, freight charge, freightage Frachtkosten per Nachnahme (German pl.) carriage forward Frachtliste (German f.) ships manifest, tally Fracht löschen (German) to discharge cargo Frachtluke (German f.) cargo hatch Frachtmaschine (German f.) cargo plane Fracht mit verderblichen Gütern (German f.) perishable freight Frachtnachnahme (German f.) collect charges Frachtnummer (German f.) tracking number Frachtpapiere (German pl.) freight documents Frachtpreise (German pl.) freight rates Frachtrate (s.), Frachtraten (pl.) (German f.) cargo rate, freight rate Frachtraum (German m.) cargo compartment, cargo hold, freight capacity, hold, cargo-space Frachtraum buchen (German) to book freight Frachtrechnung (German f.) freight note Frachtrückerstattung (German f.) refund of freight Frachtsatz (s.), Frachtsätze (pl.) (German m.) freight rate, shipping rate, freight tariff Frachtsatz für Schüttgut (German m.) bulk rate Frachtschiff (German n.) cargo ship, freighter, cargo boat, freight ship, cargo vessel Frachtschuppen (German m.) cargo shed Frachtspediteur (German m.) cargo agent Frachtspeditionsfirma (German f.) freight forwarding company Fracht-Terminal (German n.) cargo terminal Frachtterminal (German n.) cargo terminal Frachttür (German f.) cargo door (aircraft) Fracht über Bord werfen (German) to sacrifice cargo, to throw cargo overboard Frachtumschlagplatz (German m.) freight terminal Fracht unbezahlt (German) freight unpaid Frachtunternehmen (German n.) carrier Frachtverfolgung (German f.) freight tracking Frachtverkehr (German m.) freight traffic Fracht verladen (German) to load cargo Fracht verschieben (German) to shift cargo Frachtversicherung (German f.) cargo insurance, carriage insurance, freight insurance, insurance on freight Frachtversion (German f.) cargo freighter Frachtvertrag (s.), Frachtverträge (pl.) (German m.) freight contract, freight charter Fracht vom Empfänger einzuziehen (German) freight collect Fracht von offen verladenem Gut (German f.) bulk freight Fracht vorauszahlbar (German) freight prepayable Frachtvorauszahlung (German f.) advance freight Frachtvorschuss (German m.) advance freight Frachtwaage (German f.) freight (weighing) scale Frachtwinde (German f.) cargo winch Fracht zahlbar am Bestimmungsort (German) freight payable at destination Frachtzahlung (German f.) payment of freight charges Frachtzuschlag (German m.) additional carriage, additional freight Frack (German m.) dress coat, dress-coat, evening dress, tail-coat, tailcoat, swallowtail, evening attire (tails), tails Fractal generally "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided into parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole," a property called self-similarity. The term was coined by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975 and was derived from the Latin fractus meaning "broken" or "fractured Fractal from which this extract has been taken Fractio modi (s.), Fracta modi (pl.) (Latin, literally 'the breaking of the mode') ornamental notes that break into the steady pattern of rhythmic modes Fractional beam where a beam does not join a group of notes, for example a beam joining a dotted quaver (eighth note) to a semiquaver (sixteenth note), the secondary beam attached to the semiquaver (sixteenth note) is called a fractional beam. Fractional time signature a meter (time signature) in which the top number includes or is a fraction Fractura (Spanish f.) fracture frag(s). abbreviation of 'fragment(s)' Frag besser deine Mutter. (German) Better ask your mother. Frag doch nicht andauernd. (German) Don't keep asking me. Frage (s.), Fragen (pl.) (German f.) interrogation, query, demand, issue (political, etc.), question Frage aus dem Publikum (German f.) question from the floor Frage aus der Praxis (German f.) practical question Fragebogen (s.), Fragebögen (pl.) (German m.) questionnaire, form, question paper Fragebuch (German n.) catechism book Frage der Auslegung (German f.) question of interpretation Frage der Zeit (German f.) question of time, matter of time Frage des Prinzips (German f.) question of principle Frageform (German m.) interrogative form Frage für sich (German f.) separate question Fragefürwort (s.), Fragefürwörter (pl.) (German n.) interrogative Fragehaltung (German f.) questioning attitude Frage ihn nach dem Preis! (German) Ask him the price! Frage ihn nach dem Weg! (German) Ask him the way! Frage ihn nach der Zeit! (German) Ask him the time! Frageliste (German f.) list of questions Frage mich etwas Leichteres! (German) Ask me something easier! fragen (German) to ask, to request, to interrogate, to query, to question Frage nach Fakten (German f.) question of fact Fragen aufwerfen (German) to prompt questions fragend (German) interrogating, asking, inquiring, interrogatively, interrogatorily, prompting, querying, questioning, requesting, queryingly, interrogative, enquiringly, questioningly, quizzically, wondering (doubtful), interrogatory, quizzical (look, manner) Fragender (m.), Fragende (f.), Fragende (pl.) (German m.) inquirer, person asking, enquirer fragender Blick (German m.) inquiring look, look of inquiry, questioning look Fragen, die ... betreffen (German) questions relating to ... Fragenkatalog (German m.) questionnaire Fragenkomplex (German m.) (problem) area, topic, subject, battery of questions Fragen kostet nichts! (German) It doesn't hurt to ask! fragen ob (German) to query if, to query whether Fragen Sie ruhig. (German) Feel free to ask questions. Fragen stellen (German) to ask questions Fragen wie aus der Maschinenpistole (German pl.) quick-fire questions Frager (German m.) questioner, inquirer Fragerei (German f.) questions Fragesatz (German m.) interrogative clause Fragespiel (German n.) twenty questions (figurative: reference to a well known panel game) Fragesteller (m.), Fragestellerin (f.), Fragesteller (pl.) (German) inquirer, questioner, enquirer, interrogator Fragestellung (German f.) question, posing of a question, problem, questioning, interrogating, interrogation Fragestunde (German f.) question time Frage- und Antwortspiel (German n.) quiz Frageverhalten (German n.) questioning behaviour Frage von Bedeutung (German f.) question of substance Fragewort (s.), Fragewörter (pl.) (German n.) interrogative, interrogative particle Fragezeichen (German n.) ?, sign of interrogation, note of interrogation, mark of interrogation, question mark, interrogation point, interrogation mark, question point, query or eroteme Frage zur Diskussion stellen (German) to moot Frag ihn, ob er kommen kann. (German) Ask him whether he can come. Frag ihn, ob er kommen wird. (German) Ask whether he will come. Frag ihn! (German) Consult him! fragil (German) fragile frágil (Spanish) fragile, breakable, frail, weak Fragilidad (Spanish f.) fragility, breakability, frailty, weakness Frag lieber nicht! (German) Don't ask! Fragilität (German f.) fragility Fragility frail, easily broken, damaged, or destroyed delicate, lacking physical or emotional strength lacking substance, tenuous or flimsy fraglich (German) doubtful, questionable, debatable, problematic, in question, moot, disputable, in dispute, relevant fragliche Angelegenheit (German f.) matter in question, problematic matter fragliche Ergebnisse (German pl.) doubtful results fragliche Firma (German f.) firm (business) in question fragliche Person (German f.) person in question fraglicher (German) more doubtful fraglicherweise (German) doubtfully (questionably) fragliche Sache (German f.) moot point fragliche Ware (German f.) goods in question Fraglichkeit (German f.) questionability fraglichste (German) most doubtful fraglos (German) unquestionably, unquestionable, undoubtedly Fragment (s.), Fragmente (German pl.) (English, German n., French m.) a small part, broken piece (particularly a part broken off), snipping (part snipped off) an incomplete piece of literature or music, one the author/composer never finished entirely Fragmentación (Spanish f.) fragmentation fragmentar (Spanish) to fragment, to divide up fragmentario (m.), fragmentaria (f.) (Spanish) fragmentary fragmentarisch (German) fragmentarily, fragmentary fragmentarse (Spanish) to break up Fragmentation breaking up a subject into small segments, any one of which may form the basis for further development fragmentieren (German) to fragment fragmentierend (German) fragmenting fragmentiert (German) fragmented Fragmentierung (German f.) fragmentation Fragmento (Spanish m.) fragment, piece (of an object), passage (from a book) Frag mich doch nicht andauernd. (German) Don't keep asking me. fragt (German) interrogates, inquires, prompts fragt aus (German) quizzes fragte (German) interrogated, queried Frag, was du willst! (German) Ask any questions you like! fragwürdig (German) questionably, questionable, shady, suspect, debatable, doubtful, dubious, wildcat fragwürdige Anfrage (German f.) dubious inquiry fragwürdige Angelegenheit (German f.) shady business fragwürdige Entscheidung (German f.) dubious decision fragwürdige Geschäfte (German pl.) shady dealings, shady enterprises fragwürdiger Partner (German m.) shady partner fragwürdiger Segen (German m.) dubious blessing fragwürdiges Beweisstück (German n.) shaky piece of evidence Fragwürdigkeit (s.), Fragwürdigkeiten (pl.) (German f.) dubiousness, questionableness (pl.) Fraîcheur (French f.) freshness frailesco (m.), frailesca (f.) (Spanish) monkish, like a monk Frailing (English, German n.) fingerpicking technique, as for example, on the banjo see 'clawhammer' frailuno (m.), frailuna (f.) (Spanish) monkish, like a monk frais (m.), fraîche (f.) (French) fresh frais et dispos (French) fresh and alert Fraktal (German n.) fractal fraktal (German) fractal Fraktion (German f.) fraction, contingent, parliamentary group, parliamentary party, faction (of a polical movement) fraktionell (German) fractional fraktionieren (German) to fractionate Fraktionieren (German n.) fractionation fraktionierend (German) fractioning Fraktionierkolben (German m.) fractionating flask fraktioniert (German) fractional, fractionated fraktionierte (German) fractioned fraktionierte Destillation (German f.) fractional distillation Fraktionierung (German f.) fractionation, fractionisation Fraktionschef (German m.) whip Fraktionsführer (German m.) floor leader (US), party whip, political group chairman fraktionslos (German) independent (politically) Fraktionsmitglied (German n.) parliamentary party member Fraktionssitzung (s.), Fraktionssitzungen (pl.) (German f.) caucus Fraktionsvorsitzender (m.), Fraktionsvorsitzende (f.) (German) parliamentary party leader, party whip Fraktionszwang (German m.) obligation to vote in accordance with party policy Fraktur (German f.) breach, fraction, fracture (German f.) German text (script), German type (typeface), Gothic type (typeface), black letter (typeface) a Blackletter script used to write the German language from the beginning of the sixteenth century until 1945 in the United States, Fraktur is used to describe highly artistic and elaborate eighteenth- and nineteenth-centuries illuminated folk art drawings created by the Pennsylvania Dutch (perhaps more strictly Pennsylvania Deitsch or Pennsylvanian German). Most Fraktur were created between 1740 and 1860 Fraktur (Pennsylvania German folk art) extracts of which provides the two entries above Frakturenbehandlung (German f.) fracture treatment Frakturhalter (German m.) redresser Frakturheilung (German f.) fracture healing frakturiert (German) fractured frakturierter Zahn (German m.) fractured tooth Frakturschrift (German f.) German type, German text Frakturvereinigung (German f.) fracture union FRAM abbreviation of 'Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music, London' Frambuesa (Spanish f.) raspberry (botanical) Frame (English, German m.) the structural members in the interior of a keyboard instrument (under the soundboard) which strengthen the case of a piano, the skeleton of case iron on which the strings are stretched in dance, 'frame' is the position maintained by dancers during partner dancing. Maintenance of the frame provides connection Frame an extract of which provides the second entry Frame narrative the result of inserting one or more small stories within the body of a larger story that encompasses the smaller ones. Often this term is used interchangeably with both the literary technique and the larger story itself that contains the smaller ones, which are called pericopes, "framed narratives" or "embedded narratives." Literary Forms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken Frame of reference set of standards or principles governing behaviour, thought, belief, etc. Frame story frame narrative Framework (English, German n.) essential supporting structure, basic system Framing method using the same features, wording, setting, situation, or topic at both the beginning and end of a literary work so as to "frame" it or "enclose it." This technique often provides a sense of cyclical completeness or closure Frammento (Italian m.) fragment franc (m.), franche (f.) (French) frank, open-hearted, bluff Francachella (Spanish f.) feast (familar) français (m.), française (f.) (French) French Française (French f.) a round dance in triple or compound duple time, whose full name is contredanse Française francamente (Italian) boldly, ingenuously (Italian) performed in a free style Francarabe (French) a term coined by Elie "Lili" Boniche (1922-2008), for his own unique oeuvre, combining the North African style with French chanson, Latin American and other influences and singing in a mixture of French and Arabic Francés (m.), Francésa (f.) (Spanish) Frenchman, Frenchwoman francés (m.), francésa (f.) (Spanish) French Franceschi, Francesco (d. c.1599) a printer in the Italian Renaissance. His roots were in Siena, though the bulk of his work was done in Venice. Franceschi was also known for printing music. He printed the works of Gioseffo Zarlino and several volumes of writing on music. Two probable relatives, Giovanni Antonio de' Franceschi (who worked in both Palermo and Venice) and Giacomo Franceschi of Venice, printed music as well Francesco Franceschi from which this extract has been taken Francesilla (Spanish f.) buttercup (botanical) Francfort (Spanish) Frankfurt (German city) Franchezza (Italian f.) freedom of spirit, boldness, frankness, confidence franchir le cap de (French) to go beyond, to go beyond the point of Franchise (German f.) permission given by a person or entity permitting the distribution of goods or services under his trademark (German f.) a privilege or right officially granted a person or a group by a government (French f.) freedom of spirit, boldness, frankness, candour Franchisegeber (German m.) franchiser, franchisor, licensor Franchiseklausel (German f.) franchise clause Franchisenehmer (German m.) franchisee Franchising (German n.) franchising Franciscan order of friars founded by St Francis of Assisi in the early 13th century in Italy; also known as the Friars Minor or the Grey Friars Franco-Belgian bowing the most flexible and "springy" bowing technique which is really the Italian bowing that Viotti brought out of Italy. This is the bow hold which Paganini made his own. The fingers gently curve over the stick, and the bow contacts the first joints of the fingers. For the Italian bow hold the bow hair is made very taught [taken from Violinist.com] Franco-country a musical style originating from French Canada. It is characterised mainly by the rhythms and styles of American country music but with the twangy Québécois Jouale accent. Sometimes the songs are sung in French, but not always Franco-country from which this extract has been taken franco-flamenco (Spanish) Franco-Flemish Franco-Flemish school the school of Josquin Desprez (c.1440-1521), the third of the three 'Netherlands Schools' regional designation given to composers from the present-day countries of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands Franco-Flemish School françoise (French) French, in the French style Franconian motet a motet based on the mensural notation championed by Franco of Cologne (fl. c.1250-1280), where there is a movement away from rhythmic modes, the voices are generally rhythmically stratified, with each voice having a faster line than the voice below Franconian notation the mensural notation system championed by Franco of Cologne (fl. c.1250-1280) Franc tireur (French m.) a sharpshooter (in the French army), a French irregular soldier (specifically one who is a guerrilla or sniper) Frangipane pastry with a creamy almond-flavoured filling Franglais (English, German n.) French heavily interlarded with English words and expressions Frankatur (German f.) postage frankaturgültig (German) valid for postage Franke (m.), Fränkin (f.), Franken (pl.), Fränkinnen (f.pl.) (German) Franconian (man), Frank Franken (German n.) Franconia (German region) Frankenkönig (German m.) king of the Franks Frankenreich (German n.) Frankish Empire, kingdom of the Franks Frankenvieh (German n.) German yellow Frankenwald (German m.) Franconian Forest Frankenwein (German m.) Franconian wine Frankfurter (German f.) frankfurter (sausage) Frankfurter (m.), Frankfurterin (f.) (German) Frankfurter (person) Frankfurter Kranz (German m.) Frankfurt crown cake Frankfurter Messe (German f.) Frankfurt Trade Fair Frankfurter Würstchen (German n.) Frankfurt sausage, frankfurter frankfurterisch (German) Frankfurt Frankfurt Group the four British composers Norman Houstoun O'Neill (1875-1934), Henry Balfour Gardiner (1877-1950), Cyril Meir Scott (1879-1970) and Roger Quilter (1877-1953) together with the Australian pianist/composer Percy Aldridge Grainger (1882-1961) all of whom were at the same time students at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, Germany frankfurtisch (German) Frankfurt frankieren (German) to stamp, to prepay, to frank (letter, parcel) frankierend (German) franking Frankiermaschine (German f.) franking machine, postage meter frankiert (German) post-paid, postpaid, stamped, franked frankierter Rückumschlag (German m.) stamped addressed envelope, self-addressed stamped envelope frankierter und adressierter Rückumschlag (German m.) stamped addressed envelope frankiertes und adressiertes Rückantwortkuvert (German n.) stamped addressed envelope Frankierung (German f.) prepayment, franking Franking the means of sending mail either free of postage or, using of a machine that prints out a postage-paid receipt which can be adhered or printed directly on to the mail, with postage prepaid Fränkisch (German n.) Franconian (dialect) fränkisch (German) Frankish, Franconian Fränkische Alb (German f.) Franconian Alb, Franconian Mountains Fränkische Reichsannalen (German pl.) Royal Frankish Annals Fränkische Schweiz (German f.) Franconian Switzerland fränkische Sprachen (German pl.) Franconian languages Fränkischer Kreis (German) Franconian Circle (created in 1500, an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire) Fränkischer Rechen (German m.) Franconian rake (a heraldic symbol of the bishops of Wüzburg) Fränkisches Reich (German n.) Frankish kingdom fränkisch-römisch (German) Franco-Roman Franklin a medieval profession akin to a cross between a landlord and a real estate agent. The reputation for being social climbers was perhaps well deserved, given that many of these new landowners attempted to "buy" their way into aristocratic ranks by marrying their sons and daughters into the ranks of nobility in return for cash payments Literary Forms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken franko (German) post paid, free of all charges Frankoamerikaner (German m.) French American, Franco-American frankobelgisch (German) Franco-Belgian frankoflämische Schule (German f.) Franco-Flemish school Frankokanadier (m.), Frankokanadierin (f.) (German) French Canadian frankokanadisch (German) French-Canadian, Franco-Canadian frankophil (German) Francophile Frankophiler (m.), Frankophile (f.) (German) Francophile frankophob (German) Francophobe frankophon (German) francophone, French-speaking Frankophoner (m.), Frankophone (f.), Frankophone (pl.) (German) francophone frankophones Afrika (German n.) French-speaking Africa Frankreich (German n.) France frankreichfreundlich (German) Francophile Frankreichrundfahrt (German f.) Tour de France (cycle race) Franse (s.), Fransen (pl.) (German f.) fringe, frazzle Fransen-BH (German m.) fringe bra, fringed bra Fransenbluse (German f.) fringe blouse, fringed blouse Fransenhemd (German n.) fringed shirt, fringe shirt Fransenhose (German f.) fringe trousers, fringed trousers Fransenkleid (German n.) fringed dress, fringe dress Fransenrock (German m.) fringe skirt, fringed skirt Fransensaum (German m.) fringed edge Fransenslip (German m.) fringe panties, fringed panties fransig (German) having a fringe Franz (German m.) Francis (male name) franz. abbreviation of französisch (German: French, francais (French)) Franzbrötchen (German n.) sweet cinnamon-flavoured Northern German pastry franzese (Italian) French, in the French style Franzien (German n.) Francia (or France) Franziska (German f.) Frances (female name), francisca (throwing axe), francesca (throwing axe) Franziskaner (m.), Franziskanerin (f.), Franziskaner (pl.) (German) Franciscan, Grey Friars (pl.), Franciscan nun (f.) Franziskanerinnenkloster (German n.) Franciscan convent Franziskanerkirche (German f.) Franciscan church Franziskanerkloster (German n.) Franciscan monastery Franziskaner-Minorit (German pl.) Minorites Franziskanermönch (German m.) Franciscan monk Franziskanernonne (German f.) Franciscan nun Franziskanerobservanten (German pl.) Observant Franciscans Franziskanerorden (German m.) Order of St. Francis, Franciscan order Franziskanerschwester (German f.) Franciscan sister Franziskaner-Terziaren (German pl.) Third Order of St. Francis franziskanisch (German) Franciscan Franz-Joseph-Bart (German m.) handlebar whiskers Franzmann (German m.) Frenchman Franzose (s.), Französin (f.), Franzosen (pl.), Französinnen (f.pl.) (German) Frenchman (m.), monkey wrench (m.), adjustable spanner (m.), French people (pl.), Frenchwoman (f.), French girl (f.) Franzosenfeind (German m.) Francophobe franzosenfeindlich (German) Francophobe Franzosenfreund (m.), Franzosenfreundin (f.) (German) Francophile franzosenfreundlich (German) Francophile Franzosenhass (German m.) Francophobia, Gallophobia Franzosenhasser (German m.) Francophobe Franzosenkrankheit (German f.) French disease (syphilis) französieren (German) to Frenchify Französisch (German n.) French französisch (m.), französische (f.), französisches (n.) (German) French, in the French style französisch-amerikanische Beziehungen (German pl.) Franco-American relations Französisch-Äquatorialafrika (German n.) French Equatorial Africa Französische Antillen (German pl.) French Antilles französische Besatzungszone (German f.) French occupation zone Französische Bohne (German f.) flageolet bean, French bean Französische Bulldogge (German f.) French bulldog französische Balken (German m.) French beaming französische Fremdenlegion (German f.) (French) Foreign Legion Französische Gebiete im südlichen Indischen Ozean (German pl.) French Southern Territories französische Kanadier (German pl.) French Canadians französische Küche (German f.) French cuisine, French cookery, French cooking französische Namen (German pl.) French names französische Ouvertüre (German f.) French overture Französische Politur (German f.) French polish französischer Abstammung (German) French by blood französischer Einfluss (German m.) French influence Französische Republik (German f.) Republic of France (official name of France) französische Republikaner (German pl.) French Republicans französischer Herrensitz (German m.) chateau französischer Kronprinz (German m.) dauphin Französischer Nationalfeiertag (German m.) Bastille Day französischer Philosoph der Aufklärung (German m.) philosophe französischer Revolutionskalender (German m.) French Revolutionary Calendar, French Republican Calendar französischer Violinschlüssel (German m.) French violin clef, French clef Französischer Zopf (German m.) French braid französische Salatsauce (German f.) vinaigrette französische Salatsoße (German f.) vinaigrette französisches Bett (German n.) double bed französisches Brot (German n.) baguette, French bread französisches Feingebäck (German n.) patisserie, patisseries französisches Horn (German n.) or Horn (German n.), French horn Französische Somaliküste (German f.) French Somali Coast (now Djibouti) französische Spitze (German f.) French lace französisches Roulette (German n.) French roulette, European roulette französisches Schloss (German n.) chateau französisches Stangenweißbrot (German n.) baguette Französische Staatsbahn (German f.) French National Railways Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete (German pl.) French Southern and Antarctic Territories Französische Südpolar-Territorien (German pl.) French Antarctic Territories (Adélie Land) Französische Suiten (German f.) J. S. Bach's French Suites BWV 812-817 Dave's J. S. Bach Page - MIDI Files französisches Überseedepartement (German n.) French overseas department französisches Ventil (German n.) Presta valve Französisch-Guayana (German n.) French Guiana Französisch-Guayaner (m.), Französisch-Guayanerin (f.) (German) French Guianan französisch-guayanisch (German) French Guianan Französisch-Guyana (German n.) French Guiana Französisch-Indochina (German n.) French Indochina Französischlehrer (m.), Französischlehrerin (f.) (German) French teacher, teacher of French Französisch-Polynesien (German n.) French Polynesia französischsprachig (German) francophone, French speaking Französischunterricht (German m.) French lesson, French class Französisch-Westafrika (German n.) French West Africa Französisch-Westindien (German n.) French West Indies Französischwörterbuch (German n.) French dictionary französisieren (German) to Frenchify, to Gallicise französisiert (German) Frenchified Französistik (German f.) French studies Franzton (German, archaic) a pitch below standard concert pitch Franz von Assisi (German) Francis of Assisi Franz von Sales (German) Francis de Sales fra poco (Italian) shortly frappant (French, German) striking (French) struck Frappé (French m., German n.) liqueur poured over shaved ice frappé (French) struck, stamping, striking (French) iced, chilled, thick, viscous the term may also signifies the accented part of a bar - its opposite is levé a particular manner of beating time, or of striking notes Frappee (French f., German f.) patterned fabric frapper (French) to strike, to hit, to beat the time frapper dans les mains (French) to clap one's hands frappieren (German) to chill, to astonish, to astound frappierend (German) astonishing, remarkable, striking Fras (Swedish) (musical) phrase Fräsbearbeitung (German f.) milling Fräsdorn (German m.) milling arbor, milling-machine arbor, cutter arbor Frase (Danish, Dutch, Italian f., Spanish f., Portuguese) (musical) phrase Fräse (German f.) milling machine fra sè (Italian) to himself fraseeraus (Finnish) phrasing Fräse für Holz (German f.) shaper (for wood) fraseggiare (Italian) to phrase fraseggio (Italian) phrasing Frase large (Italian f.) a broad (musical) phrase, largamente Frase musical (s.), Frases musicales (pl.) (Spanish f.) musical phrase Fräsen (German n.) milling, cutting fräsen (German) to mill, to shape (wood), to till (soil) fräsend (German) milling, shaping fraseo (Spanish) phrasing, phrased, phrasé (French) Fräser (s./pl.) (German m.) milling cutter, cutter, mill Fräserdorn (German m.) cutter arbor, milling arbor, milling-machine arbor Fräserhülse (German f.) milling collet Fräsersatz (German m.) gang cutter Frase van 12 maten (Dutch) twelve bar phrase frasering (Dutch, Danish, Swedish) phrasing Fraseringsboog (Dutch) slur Fraseringsbue (Danish) slur Frasi (Italian f. pl.) phrases, short musical sentences Fräskopf (German m.) cutter head, cutting head, milling head Fräsmaschine (German f.) milling machine Fraß (German m.) muck (food), grub (colloquial) Fraßgang (German m.) gallery (termites), burrow (passage in parts of plants by insects or larvae) Fraßschäden (German pl.) feeding damage Frässpindel (German f.) milling spindle Frästisch (German m.) router table fräste Loch aus (German) countersank fräst Loch aus (German) countersinks Fräswerkzeug (s.), Fräswerkzeuge (pl.) (German n.) milling cutter, milling tool Fräszentrum (German n.) milling centre Fratellastro (Italian m.) stepbrother Frater (English, German m.) the communal refectory of a monastic establishment fraternell (German) fraternal, fraternally fraternisieren (German) to fraternise fraternisierend (German) fraternising fraternisiert (German) fraternise, fraternised fraternisierte (German) fraternised Fraternisierung (German f.) fraternisation Fratricelli more properly 'The Fraticelli', medieval Roman Catholic groups that could trace their origins to the Franciscans Fratizellen (German pl.) Fraticelli Fratz (German m.) rascal, scallywag, hussy Fratze (s.), Fratzen (pl.) (German f.) grimace, antic, visage (ugly), hideous face, mug (colloquial: face) Fratzengesichtigkeit (German f.) gargoylism fratzenhaft (German) grotesque, hideous Frau (s.), Frauen (pl.) (German f.) a (German) housewife, femme (French f.), woman, lady, female, wife, Mrs. (before name), Ms. (before name), Miss (before name), signora (Spanish f.), womankind (pl.) Frauchen (German n.) wifey, mistress (of a dog or cat) fraude pleuse (French) a pious deceit, a dishonest deed performed in the interests of religion or morality Frau des Dekans (German f.) dean's wife Frau des Kanzlers (German f.) chancellor's wife Frau des Konsuls (German f.) consul's wife Frau des Oberst (German f.) colonel's wife Frau des Schmieds (German f.) blacksmith's wife Frau Dingenskirchen (German) Mrs So-and-So Frauen- (German) female (prefix) Frauenabend (German m.) girls night out (colloquial), hen night (colloquial) Frauenabteil (German n.) ladies' compartment Frauenabteilung (German f.) women's section (club, society) Frauen am Steuer. (German) Women drivers. Frauenanteil (German m.) percentage of women, proportion of women, share of women Frauenarbeit (German f.) female labour, women's work, woman's job, work for the cause of women Frauenarzt (m.), Frauenärztin (f.) (German) gynaecologist Frauenarzthelferin (German f.) gynaecologist's assistant (female), gynaecologist's receptionist (female) Frauenarzt (und) Geburtshelfer (m.), Frauenärztin (und) Geburtshelferin (f.) (German) obstetrician-gynecologist Frauen aufreißen (German) to pick up women Frauen aus der Arbeiterschicht (German pl.) working-class women Frauen aus der Oberschicht (German pl.) upper-class women Frauenband (German f.) all-women band, all-female band Frauenbeauftragter (m.), Frauenbeauftragte (f.) (German) women's representative Frauenbeilage (German f.) ladies' supplement Frauenbeine (German pl.) woman's legs Frauenbekanntschaft (German f.) female acquaintance Frauenberuf (German m.) female profession Frauenbewegung (German f.) women's movement, feminist movement, women's lib (colloquial) Frauenbild (s.), Frauenbilder (pl.) (German n.) image of women, perception of women Frauenbildnis (s.), Frauenbildnisse (pl.) (German n.) female portrait, portrait of a woman Frauenbildung (German f.) women's education, female education Frauenbuchladen (German m.) women's bookshop Frauenbüste (German f.) female bust, bust of a woman Frauenchor (German m.) women's choir, women's chorus Frauendarstellungen (German pl.) female portraits Frauendienst (German, literally 'service of the lady') the medieval code of courtly love, according to which the lover is a vassel of his lady Ulrich von Lichtenstein (c.1200/10-c.1275), a Middle High German Minnesänger, collected some 60 songs, under his own title Frauendienst (Vrouwen dîenest), and connected them with an autobiographical narrative written in rhyming couplets Frauendomäne (German f.) women's domain Fraueneis (German n.) gypsum Frauenemanzipation (German f.) women's liberation, women's lib (colloquial), emancipation of women Frauenfachschule (German f.) women's technical college Frauenfeind (German m.) woman-hater, misogynist frauenfeindlich (German) anti-women, misogynous, sexist (towards women), misogynistic, misogynic, woman-hating (of a person) Frauenfeindlichkeit (German f.) hostility towards women, misogyny Frauenfigur (German f.) figure of a woman, female figure Frauenfilm (German m.) feminist movie, feminist film, chick flick (colloquial) Frauenfrage (German f.) question of women's rights, issue of women's rights frauenfreundlich (German) favourable to women, pro-women, women-friendly Frauenfunk (German m.) women's radio (programme) Frauengefängnis (German n.) women's prison Frauengemach (German n.) bower, zenana Frauengeschichte (s.), Frauengeschichten (pl.) (German f.) herstory, women's history, affair with a woman, women's trouble (colloquial), womanising (pl.) frauengeschichtlich (German) women's history Frauengesicht (German n.) woman's face Frauengestalt (German f.) female figure, female form Frauenglas (German n.) selenite, mica Frauengruppe (German f.) group of women, women's group Frauenhaar (German n.) maidenhair, women's hair, haircap moss frauenhaft (German) womanlike, feminine Frauenhand (German f.) woman's hand Frauenhandel (German m.) trafficking in women, women trafficking Frauenhandschuh (German m.) lady's glove Frauenhass (German m.) hatred of women, misogyny Frauenhasser (German m.) misogynist, woman hater Frauenhaus (s.), Frauenhäuser (pl.) (German n.) women's refuge, refuge for battered women, women's centre, women's house Frauenheilkunde (German f.) gynaecology Frauenheilkundler (m.), Frauenheilkundlerin (f.) (German) gynaecologist Frauenheld (German m.) ladykiller, womaniser, lady-killer (colloquial) Frauenhemd (German n.) chemise, shimmy Frauenherrschaft (German f.) matriarchal rule, matriarchy, female domination Frauenherz (German n.) woman's heart Frauen im fruchtbaren Alter (German pl.) women of child-bearing age Frauen in der Kunst (German pl.) women in art Frauen in ein Amt berufen (German) to appoint women to an office Frauenjäger (s./pl.) (German m.) womaniser, skirt chaser (colloquial) Frauenkenner (German m.) connoisseur of women Frauenkirche (German f.) Church of Our Lady Frauenkleid (s.), Frauenkleider (pl.) (German n.) woman's dress, kirtle Frauenkleider tragen (German) to be in drag (colloquial: of a man dressed in women's clothing) Frauenkleidung (German f.) women's clothing, drag (colloquial: man dressed in women's clothing) Frauenklinik (German f.) gynaecological hospital, gynaecological clinic, women's hospital Frauenkloster (s.), Frauenklöster (pl.) (German n.) nunnery, (women's) convent Frauenkopf (German m.) head of a woman, woman's head, female head Frauenkörper (German m.) woman's body Frauenkrankheit (German f.) gynaecological disorder Frauenkreis (German m.) women's circle Frauenleben (German n.) life of women Frauenleiche (German f.) female corpse Frauenleiden (German n.) gynaecological disorder Frauenliebling (German m.) favourite with the ladies Frauenliteratur (German f.) women's literature, literature written by women, feminist writing, feminist literature Frauenlöhne (German pl.) women's wages frauenlos (German) womanless Frauenmagazin (German n.) women's magazine Frauenmannschaft (German f.) women's team Frauenministerin (German f.) Minister for Women (female) Frauenmode (German f.) fashion for women Frauenmörder (German m.) ripper, murderer of a woman, woman's killer, murderer of women, women's killer Frauen nachlaufen (German) to chase after women Frauen nachstellen (German) to chase women Frauenorden (German m.) women's order Frauenparkplatz (German m.) parking space (reserved) for women, women's parking area, women drivers' car space Frauenportrait (s.), Frauenportraits (pl.) (German n.) female portrait, portrait of a woman Frauenporträt (s.), Frauenporträts (pl.) (German n.) female portrait, portrait of a woman Frauenprofil (German n.) profile of a woman Frauenquote (German f.) proportion of women Frauenraub (German m.) abduction of women, raptio Frauenrechte (German pl.) women's rights Frauenrechtler (m.), Frauenrechtlerin (f.) (German) feminist, suffragette (f.), women's libber, campaigner for women's rights Frauenrechtlertum (German n.) feminism Frauenrechtsbewegung (German f.) women's rights movement Frauenreferat (German n.) department for women's affairs Frauenrock (German m.) skirt Frauenrolle (German f.) female part, role of women Frauenrücken (German m.) woman's back Frauenschänder (German m.) rapist, raper Frauenschwarm (German m.) female heart throb Frauenseite (German f.) women's page Frauenskulptur (German f.) female sculpture Frauensleute (German pl.) womenfolk Frauensperson (German f.) skirt (colloquial, figurative), female frauenspezifisch (German) women-specific, female-specific Frauensport (German m.) women's sport, women's sports Frauenstation (German f.) women's ward (hospital, clinic, etc.) Frauenstatuette (German f.) female figurine Frauenstimme (s.), Frauenstimmen (pl.) (German f.) female voice (singing), woman's voice, women's votes (pl.) Frauenstimmrecht (German n.) women's suffrage, women's right to vote Frauenstrafanstalt (German f.) women's prison Frauenteam (German n.) women's team Frauenthema (German n.) women's issue Frauentracht (German f.) woman's costume Frauentreff (German m.) women's meeting place, women's haunt, women's hangout (colloquial) Frauenturnen (German n.) women's gymnastics Frauentyp (s.), Frauentypen (pl.) (German m.) type of woman, lady's man (colloquial), ladies' man (colloquial) Frauenüberschuss (German m.) surplus of women, excess of women Frauenumkleide (German f.) women's dressing room, women's changing room, women's locker room, women's bathing cabin, women's fitting room Frauenumkleidekabine (German f.) women's changing cubicle, women's changing room, women's locker room, women's bathing cabin, women's bathing cubicle Frauen-Umkleidekabine (German f.) women's changing cubicle, women's bathing cubicle Frauenumkleideraum (German m.) women's changing room, women's locker room Frauen verachtend (German) misogynous, misogynistic Frauenverein (German m.) women's association Frauenvereinigung (German f.) sisterhood Frauenwahlrecht (German n.) women's suffrage, votes for women, woman suffrage Frauenwelt (German f.) womankind Frauenzeitschrift (German f.) women's magazine Frauenzimmer (s./pl.) (German n.) wench, dame, gentlewoman (archaic) Frau im Pelz (German f.) woman in a fur Frau im Profil (German f.) profile of a woman Fräulein (s./pl.) (German n.) a young unmarried (German) woman, signorina, waitress, miss, young lady, (shop) assistant (female), sales girl, damsel (archaic or literary), governess (to young children), Miss (in English) a German governess in an English household Fräuleingeld (German n.) trousseau Fräulein vom Amt (German n.) operator (switchboard operator), switchboard operator fraulich (German) wifelike, wifely, womanlike, womanly, feminine fraulicher (German) more womanly, more feminine Fraulichkeit (German f.) womanhood, femininity, womanliness, womanly quality, womanly qualities fraulichste (German) most womanly fraulos (German) womanless Frau mit Temperament (German f.) woman of temperament Frau mit Vergangenheit (German f.) woman with a past Frauschaft (German f.) women's team Frausein (German n.) womanhood Frau vom Chef (German f.) boss's wife FRCM abbreviation of 'Fellow of the Royal College of Music, London' FRCO abbreviation of 'Fellow of the Royal College of Organists, London' ...freak (German m.) ... freak Freak (English, German m.) A thing or occurrence that is markedly unusual, irregular, seemingly capricious or with a whimsical quality freakig (German) freakish, freaky (colloquial) frech (German) impudent, cheekily, cheeky, insolent, insultingly, perkily, ribald, saucily, saucy, sassy (colloquial), insulting, barefaced, barefacedly, boldfaced, insolently, audacious, bold, brazen, brazen-faced, daring, defiant, impertinent, pert, shameless, fresh (colloquial: impertinent), brash, impudently, brazenly, unblushingly (shameless), impertinently frech antworten (German) to answer back, to answer saucily Frechdachs (German m.) jackanapes, rascal, cheeky monkey, whippersnapper, cheeky devil, scamp (colloquial) freche Antwort (German f.) backtalk, impertinent answer freche Bemerkung (German f.) impudent remark freche Dessous (German pl.) saucy lingerie freche Gegenfrage (German f.) back answer freche Göre (German f.) cheeky girl freche Lüge (German f.) audacious lie, bare-faced lie, blazing lie freche Person (German f.) cheeky person frecher (German) cheekier, perkier, saucier, more impudent, more brazen frecher Blick (German m.) provoking look frecher Gesprächston (German m.) impertinent tone frecher Hut (German m.) saucy hat frecher Junge (German m.) cheeky boy, naughty boy, nasty boy frecherweise (German) brazenly frech erwidern (German) to answer (somebody) back freches Benehmen (German n.) impertinent behaviour freches Gör (German n.) cheeky girl freches Luder (German n.) cheeky thing, cheeky brat (colloquial) freches Verhalten (German n.) bold behaviour freche Unterwäsche (German f.) saucy lingerie freche Widerrede (German f.) backchat (colloquial) Frechheit (s.), Frechheiten (pl.) (German f.) immodesty, barefacedness, brashness, brassiness, cheekiness, effrontery, frivolity, insolence, perkiness, ribaldry, sassiness, sauce (colloquial), assurance, impudence, audaciousness, boldness, brazenness, impertinence, piece of impudence, sauciness, contumely, cheek (impertinence), freshness (colloquial: cheekiness), temerity, gall (impudence) frech hinausschmettern (German) to brazen out frech kommen (German) to ask back Frechling (German m.) scamp (colloquial) frechste (German) cheekiest, most impudent, perkiest, sauciest (colloquial) frech werden (German) to answer back, to get cheeky frech wie Oskar (German) as bold as brass frech zu (German) cheeky to Frecuencia (Spanish f.) frequency Frecuencia de muestreo (Spanish f.) sampling rate, sampling frequency, frequenza di campionamento (Italian f.), Abtastrate (German f.), fréquence d'échantillonnage (French f.) Frecuencia fundamental (Spanish f.) fundamental frequency (of the harmonic series) Frecuencia relativa (Spanish f.) relative frequency (that is, one frequency relative to another) Frecuentes cambios de ánimo (Spanish m.pl.) frequent mood changes Fredaine (French) an escapade, indiscreet behaviour freddamente (Italian) coldly, frigidly Freddezza (Italian f.) coolness, indifference, heaviness, frigidity Freddo (Italian m.) cold, frigid, devoid of sentiment Freddy, The a short-lived 1960s dance craze The Freddy Fredon (French) a rapid run, usually diatonic and on a single syllable (French) a quavering voice in singing (French) a roulade with a shake on every note, trilling Fredonnement (French) humming, canturreo (Spanish) fredonner (French) to hum, to sing in an undertone, canturrear (Spanish) (French) to trill, to quaver, to shake Free in jazz, see 'play free' Free, Freely sciolto (Italian), frei (German), librement (French) Free aerophone an instrument that produces sound by using air directly as the primary vibrating means rather than through the use of a performer's breath or by constricting the air in a tube, so for example, the bull-roarer sets the air into vibration by simply spinning the instrument through the air Free bass left hand system an alternative to the Stradella left hand system, the free bass system has a series of single buttons in an arrangement similar to the chromatic button accordion. The free bass system facilitates the playing of bass melodies and counterpoint. It also allows for chord inversion and invention of chords not present in the Stradella system see Stradella system see 'converter bass system' Freebop one of the earliest forms of 'avant-garde' jazz in which the general approach is similar to bebop, but the chord progression is not used as an organizing principle. Thus, there is freedom in harmony, which in turn loosens restrictions on other elements of the performance Freebop from which this extract has been taken Free bowing a performance technique used by a string section in a symphony orchestra to create a fuller sound than can be achieved by synchronized bowing. Free bowing was popularized by Leopold Stokowski, who as conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra experimented with many musical conventions. Brandon Hendrix has written that this technique is called for in John Corigliano's "Symphony No. 1", first movement, mm. 102-103 Free bowing from which this extract has been taken Free canon unlike a 'strict canon' where the consequents follow exactly the intervals and rhythmic values of the antecedent, a 'free canon' allows intervals to be modified, for example, to avoid unwanted changes in key when the voices are not at the octave or unison Free chordal style see 'strict chordal style' Free content or free information, is any kind of functional work, artwork, or other creative content having no significant legal restriction relative to people's freedom to use, redistribute, and produce modified versions of and works derived from the content Free content from which this extract has been taken Free dance a twentieth-century dance form that preceded Modern dance. Rebelling against the rigid constraints of 'classical ballet', Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis developed their own styles of free dance and laid the foundations of American modern dance with their choreography and teaching. In Europe Rudolf Laban, Emile Jaques-Dalcroze and Francois Delsarte developed their own theories of human movement and methods of instruction that led to the development of European modern and Expressionist dance Free dance from which this extract has been taken Free embellishment ornamentation that is not indicated by symbols and has no set form, passeggi (Italian pl.), Passagen (German pl.), roulades (French pl.) Freeform hardcore derived from its sister genre happy hardcore (4-beat & bouncy techno), freeform hardcore was introduced in 1999 Freeform hardcore from which this extract has been taken Free fugue one that is written without following any of the particular rules of the form Free imitation where the antecedent and consequent are not identical Free improvisation or 'free music', improvised music without any rules beyond the taste of the musicians involved, and not in any particular style. The music generally thought of as "Free Improvisation" developed mainly in Europe in the mid and late 1960s, largely as an outgrowth of free jazz and modern classical musics. Free improvisation is both a musical genre and a technique Free improvisation from which this extract has been taken Free indirect discourse (from French, style indirect libre) a style of third-person narration that mingles within it traits from first-person narration, often shifting pronouns, adverbs, tense, and grammatical mode Freejazz (German m.) free jazz Free Jazz (German m.) free jazz Free jazz a jazz style from the early and middle 1960s originally associated with black cultural nationalism. It featured improvisation without regard to chord changes, even without chord changes, and sometimes two drummers and/or two bass players. This controversial style has become an ingredient in later jazz styles Free jazz Freelance (French m./f.) self-employed person who does work for several employers (hence, freelance editor) to act as a freelance from 'free lance', a medieval mercenary Freelancer someone who works in a freelance capacity Freeloader sponger (slang) Free love sexual freedom Freely librement (French), frei (German), a piacere (Italian) Freeman person who has the freedom of a city, etc. person who is not a slave or serf Free market market governed by unrestricted competition Freemason member of an international fraternity for mutual help and fellowship with elaborate secret rituals Freemen's songs in use c. 1600, short compositions for three or four voices, similar to roundelays, or country ballads Free meter a type of Welsh poetry in which the meters do not correspond to the "strict meters" established in the 1400s Free morpheme any morpheme that can function by itself as a word, such as the two morphemes 'it' and 'self' found in the word 'itself'. This is the opposite of a bound morpheme, one that only makes sense when it is part of a larger word - such as the bound morpheme 'ept' in the word 'inept', or the morpheme 'gruntle' in the word 'disgruntled' Literary Forms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken FREE!MUSIC a free music non-profit organisation based in Russia since 2004 which's aim is "popularisation and a direct embodiment of idea of free distribution of music in commercial and non-commercial purposes" FREE!MUSIC from which this extract has been taken Free music see 'free improvisation' music that, like free software, can freely be copied, distributed and modified for any purpose. Thus free music is either in the public domain or licensed under a free license. It does not mean that there should be no fee involved. The word free refers to freedom (as in free software), not to price Free music Free note a nonharmonic note that is approached by a leap and left from also by a leap Free organum see organum Free part a part that is added to a canon or fugue to complete the harmony, without necessarily following the usual rules of the form Free party a party "free" from the restrictions of the legal club scene. They can be though of as autonomous zones where all the people present create and enforce the rules. They are typically a sound system playing electronic dance music from late at night till midday the next day (or longer) and drugs are readily available Free party from which this extract has been taken Free port port without customs duties or open to all traders Freepost system of business post where postage is paid by the addressee Free reed a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, for example as found in the harmonium and concertina. It contrasts with the beating or striking reed of the organ and clarinet, in that it is smooth and free from rattling but with a less strong tone Free-reed instrument an instrument which produces sound by allowing air to pass across and cause to vibrate a reed which is mounted in such a fashion that it may vibrate in a narrow gap without striking anything. The designation free-reed is by contrast with reed instruments such as the clarinet, in which the reed beats against the mouthpiece, and the oboe, in which twin reeds beat against one another other Free-reed mouth organs (Asian) free-reed mouth-organs originated in East Asia and have been known in China since at least 1766-1122 BC. They can be broadly classified into four types: the grouped type in which bamboo tubes bearing reeds are set in a circle and fitted into a cup bearing a mouthpiece the raft type in which the bamboo tubes are arranged not in a circle but in two parallel rows with the reeds contained in a small air chest with mouthpiece part way down their length the dissociated mouth organ in which a single bamboo tube bearing one reed sounds a number of different pitches controlled by finger holes as in the transverse flute a miscellaneous group of simple instruments which includes those in which free reeds are fitted into animal horns and used to produce drones Concertina from which this information has been taken Free rhythm a fluid line of music with an adjustable rhythm shaped by text, for example, plainchant Free speech right of expression Free spin Free spin Free spirit independent or uninhibited person Free-spoken forthright Free-standing not supported by another structure Freestone fruit (especially peach) whose flesh does not adhere to the pit Freestyle swimming race in which any stroke may be used, wrestling allowing almost any hold Free style in composition, that where the standard rules of counterpoint are relaxed Freestyle dancing a reference to the use, in dance, of ab lib movements with no fixed structure Freestyle house also called Freestyle, Latin Freestyle and, formerly, Latin Hip Hop, a form of electronic music that is heavily influenced by Hispanic (Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican,) and African-American culture. Freestyle emerged around 1982 and hit its peak in 1987. It continues to be produced today and enjoys some degree of popularity, especially in urban Latino population centers. Another popular modern genre Florida breaks evolved from this sound Freestyle house from which this extract has been taken Freetekno also called 'hardtek', a style of music which takes elements from both techno and hardcore Freetekno from which this extract has been taken Freethinker person who rejects dogma or authority, especially in religious belief Free time a type of time signature. It is used when a piece of music has no discernible beat. Instead, the rhythm is intuitive and free-flowing. There are four ways in which a piece is indicated to be in free time: no time signature displayed common in old vocal music such as Gaelic psalms no time signature but the direction 'Free time' is written above the stave time signature (usually 4/4) and the direction 'Free time' written above the stave the word 'Free' is written downwards across the stave this is used most often when the piece changes to free time after having had a time signature Free music from which this information has been taken Free tone see 'free note' Free verse also at times referred to as vers libre or prose rythmée, a term describing various styles of poetry that are not written using strict meter or rhyme, but that still are recognizable as 'poetry' by virtue of complex patterns of one sort or another that readers will perceive to be part of a coherent whole Free verse from which some of this information has been taken Humdrum and Harum-Scarum - an essay on free verse by the poet Robert Bridges Literary Forms and Definitions Free voice-leading see Freistimmig Freeware (English, German f.) one or more items that may be acquired and used without payment, generally software Freeway US motorway Free wheel driving wheel of a bicycle, able to revolve with the pedals at rest Free-wheel to ride a bicycle with the pedals at rest, to act without constraint Free will power of acting independently of necessity or fate, the ability to act without coercion (did it of my own free will) Free world the non-Communist countries' collective name for themselves Freezer burn discolouration that appears on improperly or inadequately packaged frozen food Fregatte (s.), Fregatten (pl.) (German f.) frigate Fregattenkapitän (German m.) frigate captain fregiare (Italian) to adorn, to embellish, to ornament fregiato (Italian) adorned, embellished, ornamented Fregiatura (Italian f.) ornament, embellishment frei (German) spare, free, freed, freely, nonattached, unengaged, unenslaved, unfettered, unrestricted, untrapped, uncommitted, carriage paid, franco, clear, at liberty, blank, cavalier, frank, loose, unattached, uncontrolled, allowed, permitted, available, open, vacant, liberal (not strict), unrestrained as to style frei adressierbarer Festspeicher (German m.) random access memory (RAM) Freianlage (German f.) outdoor enclosure (zoo) Freiarbeit (German f.) individualised learning methods, individualised instruction Freiarbeitsmaterialien (German pl.) materials for individualised learning frei ausgehandelter Lohnsatz (German m.) arbitrary wage rate frei ausgehen (German) to go scot-free Freibad (German n.) open-air swimming pool, open-air bath, open-air pool, outdoor (swimming) pool, lido Freibadsaison (German f.) outdoor (swimming) pool season Freibank (German f.) cheap meat counter Freibauer (s.), Freibauern (pl.) (German m.) yeoman (s.), yeomanry (pl.) Freibauernschaft (German f.) yeomanry Freiberufler (m.), Freiberuflerin (f.), Freiberufler (pl.), Freiberuflerinnen (f.pl.) (German) freelancer, freelance, freelance professional freiberuflich (German) free-lance, freelance, self-employed freiberuflich arbeiten (German) to work free-lance, to freelance freiberuflich tätig (German) freelance freiberuflich tätig sein (German) to free-lance, to work freelance freiberuflicher Träger (German m.) self-employed contractor freiberuflicher Übersetzer (German m.) freelance translator freiberufliche Tätigkeit (German f.) freelance work Freibetrag (s.), Freibeträge (pl.) (German m.) amount of exemption, tax exempt amount Freibeuter (m.), Freibeuterin (f.), Freibeuter (pl.) (German) freebooter, privateer, buccaneer, pirate Freibeuterei (German f.) buccaneering, freebootery, freebooting freibeweglich (German) freemoving, motile frei beweglich (German) versatile Freibewitterung (German f.) natural weathering Freibezug (German m.) complimentary subscription Freibier (German n.) free beer Freibillett (German n.) free ticket freibleibend (German) non-binding, subject to confirmation, without engagement, without obligation freibleibend anbieten (German) to offer subject to confirmation freibleibender Auftrag (German m.) conditional order freibleibender Verkauf (German m.) conditional sale freibleibendes Angebot (German n.) offer without engagement, open offer Freibord (German m.) freeboard Freibordmarke (German f.) Plimsoll line freibrennende Flamme (German f.) naked flame Freibrief (s.), Freibriefe (pl.) (German m.) charter, licence (figurative), letter of manumission Freiburger Schule (German f.) Freiburg School Freiburger Barockorchester (German f., 'Freiburg Baroque Orchestra') an orchestra originally founded "to enliven the world of Baroque music with new sounds." The orchestra, based in Freiburg, Germany now also performs works by later composers such as Beethoven, Schubert and Weber as well as contemporary music. They play small group chamber music as well as symphonies for large orchestras Freiburger Barockorchester from which this information has been taken Freiburg School a school of economic thought founded in the 1930s at the University of Freiburg Freidenkender (m.), Freidenkende (f.), Freidenkende (pl.), Freidenker (pl.) (German) freethinker, latitudinarian, free thinker freidenkerisch (German) freethinking, free-thinking, latitudinarian Freidenkertum (German n.) freethinking, free thought frei durchatmen (German) to breathe freely freie Absicht (German f.) deliberate intention freie Angabe (German f.) adjunct freie Anlieferung (German f.) free delivery freie Ansichten (German pl.) wide views freie Arbeitsplätze (German pl.) available jobs freie Arbeitsstelle (German f.) vacancy freie Auswahl (German f.) free choice freie Bauernschaft (German f.) yeomanry freie Bewegung (German f.) free movement Freie Demokratische Partei (German f.) Free Democratic Party Freie Deutsche Jugend (German f.) Free German Youth (official youth organisation in the GDR) freie Drehbarkeit (German f.) free rotation freie Durchfahrt (German f.) free passage freie Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit (German f.) free development of the individual freie Entwicklung (German f.) spontaneous development freie Erfindung (German f.) independent invention freie Fahrt geben (German) to give the go-ahead freie Geldbeträge (German pl.) uncommitted sums of money freie Hand (German f.) spare hand freie Hand haben (German) to have a free hand Freie Hansestadt Bremen (German f.) Free Hanseatic City of Bremen freie Inhalte (German pl.) open content freie Kapazität (German f.) idle capacity, excess capacity freie Künste (German pl.) liberal arts freie Leitung (German f.) vacant line freie Lizenz (German f.) copyleft (for example, GNU-Licence) freie Marktwirtschaft (German f.) free enterprise, free enterprise economy, free enterprise system, free market economy freie Meinung (German f.) liberal opinion freie Meinungsäußerung (German f.) freedom of expression, free expression freie Mitarbeit (German f.) freelance freie Mittel (German pl.) uncommitted resources, funds to spare frei empfangbar (German) free-to-air (television channels) freien (German, dated) to marry freiend (German) courting Freiendbrücke (German f.) cantilever bridge freien Durchgang gewähren (German) to afford free passage freien Einblick erwerben (German) to acquire free insight freien Lauf haben (German) to be rampant, to have free rein, to run wild, to run free (figurative) freien Lauf lassen (German) to give full scope, to allow full bent freien Zutritt zu allen Räumen haben (German) to have the run of the house freier (German) freer Freier (s./pl.) (German m.) suitor freie Radikale (German pl.) free radicals (chemistry) freier akademischer Beruf (German m.) profession freier Beruf (German m.) liberal profession freier Bewegungsraum (German m.) free scope freie Rechtswahl (German f.) freedom of choice freie Reichsstadt (German f.) free imperial city freie Religionsausübung (German f.) free practice of religion freier Einlass (German m.) free admission freier Eintritt (German m.) free admission freier Fall (German m.) free fall frei erfunden (German) fictitious, mythical, fictitious (person, place, etc.) frei erfundene Geschichte (German f.) made-up story frei erfunden sein (German) to be a complete fabrication freier Grundbesitz (German m.) freehold freier Handel (German m.) free trade freie Rippe (German f.) floating rib freier Journalist (m.), freie Journalistin (f.) (German) freelance journalist freier Lauf (German m.) free run freier Makler (German m.) trader freier Mann (German m.) freeman freier Mitarbeiter (German m.) freelancer, stringer (reporter) freier Moment (German m.) spare moment freier Nachmittag (German m.) afternoon off freier Parameter (German m.) arbitrary parameter freier Personenverkehr (German m.) free movement of people freier Platz (German m.) unobstructed space freier Raum (German m.) unobstructed space, clear space, space, clear freier Satz (German m.) free style freier Schritt (German m.) free walk freier Sitzplatz (German m.) vacant seat freier Sonntag (German m.) Sunday off freier Tag (German m.) at-home day, day out, day off Freier Tanz (German m.) see Ausdruckstanz freier Überschlag (German m.) aerial walkover (gymnastics) freier Vers (German m.) free verse, vers libre (French m.) freier Vorhalt (German m.) an appoggiatura freier Warenverkehr (German m.) free movement of goods freier Wechselkurs (German m.) floating exchange rate freier Wettbewerb (German m.) open competition freier Wille (German m.) free will freier Zugang (German m.) free admission, free entrance, open access, right of approach freier Zugriff (German m.) arbitrary access freier Zutritt (German m.) free entrance freie Schätzung (German f.) free valuation freie Schreibart (German) a free style of composition freie Schussbahn (German f.) clear line of fire freie Schwingung (s.), freie Schwingungen (pl.) (German f.) free oscillation freies Fassvermögen (German n.) excess capacity freies Gelände (German n.) cleared area, open country freies Geleit (German n.) safe-conduct, safe conduct freies Gewerbe (German n. - Austria) free licence, free trade (industry) freies Grundeigentum (German n.) freehold freies Lenkungsspiel (German n.) free play freies Morphem (German n.) free morpheme freie Spalte (German f.) blank column freies Schweben (German n.) levitation freies Stück (German n.) complimentary copy, presentation copy freie Stadt (German f.) burgh (Scottish, archaic) freieste (German) freest freie Stelle (s.), freie Stellen (pl.) (German f.) vacant post, job opening, job vacancy, opening (job), vacant job, vacant situation, vacancy freie Straße (German f.) clear road freies Unternehmertum (German n.) free-enterprise system, free enterprise freies Wochenende (German n.) weekend off freies Zimmer (German n.) vacancy freie Teilzeitstelle (German f.) part-time vacancy freie Übersetzung (German f.) loose translation, free translation Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (German f.) Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg Freie Universität Berlin (German f.) Free University of Berlin freie Unterkunft (German f.) free accommodation freie Unterkunft und Verpflegung (German) free board and lodging, free meals and lodging freie Verfügung (über) (German f.) free disposal (of) freie Verfügungsgewalt (German f.) discretionary power freie Völker (German pl.) free peoples, free people freie Wahl (German f.) free choice freie Welt (German f.) free world freie Wirtschaft (German f.) free enterprise, private enterprise freie Wohlfahrtspflege (German f.) voluntary welfare Freiexemplar (German n.) complimentary copy, free copy, specimen copy freie Zeit (German f.) spare time Freifach (s.), Freifächer (pl.) (German n.) optional subject Freifahrschein (German m.) free ticket, complimentary ticket Freifahrtwagen (German m.) chariot (stage machinery) Freifallbär (German m.) drop hammer Freifallramme (German f.) fall hammer Freifallturm (German m.) drop tower freifinanzierter Wohnungsbau (German m.) private residential construction Freifläche (German f.) open space freifließend (German) free-flowing frei fließend (German) freeflow frei flottierend (German) free-floating Freiflug (German m.) free flight Freiformflächen (German pl.) free formed surfaces Freiformschmieden (German n.) hammer forging, hand forging, open die forging Freiformschmiedestück (German n.) hand-hammer forging Freifrau (German m.) Dame, baroness (baron's wife) Freifräulein (German n.) baroness (baron's daughter) Freigabe (German m.) acceptance, deallocation, enable, enabling, release, unblocking, qualification, clearance, unfreezing, liberalisation, approval, opening (to the public), declassification (of information) Freigabeknopf (German m.) release button Freigang (German m.) day release, day parole, day pass (from prison) Freigang bekommen (German) to be let out on parole Freigänger (German m.) (prison) inmate on day parole, day-release prisoner, day release prisoner Freiganghof (German m.) recreation yard freigebbar (German) releasable freigeben (German) to free, to de-allocate, to deallocate, to decontrol, to release, to enable, to unblock, to uncover, to declassify, to clear, to give release, to unfreeze, to vacate, to liberalise, to share freigebend (German) decontrolling, releasing freigeben für (German) to clear for freigebig (German) generous, bounteously, bountiful, bountifully, lavish, lavishly, munificently, open-handed, openhanded, profuse, generously, bounteous, freely, prodigal, munificent freigebige Gastlichkeit (German f.) lavish hospitality freigebiger (German) more open-handed Freigebigkeit (s.), Freigebigkeiten (pl.) (German f.) bounty, bounteousness, largesse, munificence, beneficence, lavishness, generosity Freigebigkeit der Natur (German f.) bounty of nature freigebig sein (German) to spend money freely freigebigste (German) most open-handed freigeboren (German) freeborn freigegeben (German) decontrolled, enabled, cleared, approved, unlocked, declassified, released freigehabt (German) had a holiday (period away from work) freigehalten (German) kept free Freigehege (German n.) open-air enclosure, outdoor enclosure, outdoor pen Freigeist (German m.) freethinker, latitudinarian Freigeisterei (German f.) freethought freigeistig (German) freethinking Freigelände (German n.) open-air site, open-air area freigelassen (German) unleashed, manumitted, unharnessed, emancipated frei gelassen (German) unstuck Freigelassener (m.), Freigelassene (f.), Freigelassene (pl.) (German) freedman (m.), freedwoman (f.) freigelassen werden (German) to be set free freigelegt (German) laid open, cleared, uncovered, exposed freigemacht (German) disengaged Freigepäck (German n.) free luggage, baggage allowance Freigepäck bei Flugreisen (German n.) free (baggage) allowance freigeschaltet (German) activated (account) freigesetzt (German) liberated, made redundant, released freigesetzte Arbeitskräfte (German pl.) redundant workers, workers made redundant freigesprochen (German) acquitted, absolved, innocent frei gesprochen (German) extemporaneous (prayer) freigestanden (German) been vacant freigestellt (German) optional, exempted freigestellt sein von (German) to be exempt from freigewählt (German) freely elected frei gewählt (German) freely chosen freigiebig (German) generous, bountiful, munificent Freigiebigkeit (German f.) bounty, generosity Freigjisch see Freygish frei Grenze (German) free border, franco frontier freihaben (German) to have a holiday (period away from work) freihabend (German) having a holiday (period away from work) Freihafen (s.), Freihäfen (pl.) (German m.) freeport, free port, free harbour, duty-free port freihalten (German) to keep free, to treat, to keep clear freihaltend (German) keeping free Freihand- (German) freehand (prefix) Freihandbibliothek (German f.) open access library Freihandel (German m.) free trade, fair trade Freihandelsabkommen (German n.) free trade agreement Freihandelspolitik (German f.) free trade policy, free-trade policy Freihandelszone (German f.) free-trade area, free trade area, free trade zone, free zone, free-trade zone freihändig (German) freehand, without holding on Freihandverkauf (German m.) sale by private contract Freihandzeichnen (German n.) free-style drawing freihängend (German) free-hanging frei hängend (German) free-hanging frei Haus (German) delivered free, delivered to your door, free delivered, free to the door frei Haus liefern (German) to deliver free to the door, to deliver to one's home, to deliver to the door Freiheit (s.), Freiheiten (pl.) (German f.) freedom, liberty, latitude (figurative: freedom) Freiheit der Berufswahl (German f.) freedom to choose a career Freiheit der Meinungsäußerung (German f.) freedom of expression Freiheit der Wahl (German f.) freedom of choice Freiheit des Bürgers (German f.) civic liberty Freiheit von Schmerzen (German f.) absence of pain freiheitlich (German) liberal freiheitlich-demokratisch (German) liberal-democratic Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (German f.) Austrian Freedom Party freiheitlicher (German) more liberal freiheitlicher Denker (German m.) liberal thinker freiheitlichste (German) most liberal freiheitlich und demokratisch (German) free and democratic Freiheitsberaubung (German f.) deprivation of liberty, false imprisonment, unlawful detention Freiheitsbewegung (German f.) liberation movement Freiheitsdrang (German m.) desire for freedom, zeal for liberty freiheitsdurstig (German) zealous for freedom, zealous for liberty Freiheitsentziehung (German f.) deprivation of liberty Freiheitsentzug (German m.) imprisonment, deprivation of freedom Freiheitsfanatismus (German m.) zeal for liberty Freiheitsgedanken (German pl.) ideals of freedom Freiheitsgeist (German m.) spirit of freedom, spirit of liberty Freiheitsglocke (German f.) Liberty Bell Freiheitsgrad (s.), Freiheitsgrade (pl.) (German m.) degree of freedom Freiheitskampf (s.), Freiheitskämpfe (pl.) (German m.) struggle for freedom Freiheitskämpfer (German m.) freedom fighter Freiheitskriege (German pl.) Napoleonic Wars (1813-1815) Freiheitsliebe (German f.) love of liberty freiheitsliebend (German) libertarian, freedom-loving Freiheitsliebhaber (German m.) lover of freedom Freiheitsmedaille des Präsidenten (German f.) Presidential Medal of Freedom (USA) Freiheitsrechte (German pl.) civil rights and liberties Freiheitsspielraum (German m.) range of free choice Freiheitsstatue (German f.) Statue of Liberty Freiheitsstrafe (s.), Freiheitsstrafen (pl.) (German f.) term of imprisonment, prison term, jail term, custodial sentence Freiheitsstreben (German n.) quest for liberty, pursuit of liberty Freiheitssuche (German f.) quest for freedom Freiheitstraum (German m.) dream of liberty Freiheitsurkunde (German f.) Bill of Rights freiheraus (German) frankly, bluntly, outright (openly) frei heraus (German) bluntly frei heraussagen (German) to speak forth, to speak out, to speak boldly Freiherr (m.), Freiherrin (f.), Freiherrinnen (f.pl.) (German m.) Baron (m.), Baroness (f.) freiherrlich (German) baronial Freiherrnwürde (German f.) barony, baronacy, baronage frei herumlaufen (German) to be on the loose, to wander at large (animal), to wander free (animal), to be at large (free) frei herumlaufende Tiere (German pl.) animals running free frei herumstreunend (German) free-roaming Freiin (German f.) baroness (baron's daughter) frei in Vortrag (German) or nach Belieben (German), free in style or delivery, as you like, at (the performer's) pleasure), ad libitum (Latin), a piacere (Italian), a bene placito (Italian), à volonté (French) Freikarte (s.), Freikarten (pl.) (German f.) free ticket, complimentary ticket, free pass, freebie (colloquial: free ticket) Freikauf (German m.) ransom, redemption (hostage) freikaufend (German) ransoming Freikirche (German f.) chapel, congregational chapel, Free Church Freikirche der Siebenten-Tags-Adventisten (German f.) Seventh-day Adventist Church Freikirchentum (German n.) congregationalism freikirchlich (German) Free Church Freiklettern (German n.) freeclimbing, free climbing freikommen (German) to get clear, to come loose, to come unstuck, to be released (from a duty, prison, etc.), to get out (of an obligation, jury duty, etc.), to be freed (from a requirement, etc.) frei konvertierbar (German) freely convertible (currency) Freikörperkultur (German f.) nudism, free body culture, naturism Freikorps (German n.) corps of volunteers freikriegen (German) to get the time off (work, school) Freilager (German n.) open depot Freilagerung (German f.) outdoor storage Freiland (German n.) open air, open land Freilandbewitterungsprüfung (German f.) outdoor test Freilandeier (German pl.) free-range eggs Freilandhuhn (German n.) free-range chicken Freilandkultur (German f.) field cultivation, outdoor cultivation Freilandmessung (German f.) field measurement Freilandmuseum (German n.) open-air museum, open air museum Freilandstraße (German f. - Austria) road outside a city, town or village Freilandstudie (German f.) field research Freilandversuch (German m.) field trial freilassen (German) to manumit, to undam (figurative), to unharness, to release, to leave blank, to let out, to let loose, to set free, to turn loose, to emancipate, to set loose freilassend (German) manumitting, unharnessing Freilassung (German f.) manumission, emancipation, enfranchisement, release, ransom Freilassung aus (German f.) release from Freilassung aus dem Gefängnis (German f.) release from prison Freilassung der Geiseln (German f.) release of the hostages Freilassung gegen Kaution (German f.) release on bail Freilassung mit Auflagen (German f.) release on parole Freilassung verlangen (German) to demand release Freilauf (German m.) free rolling, free wheel, free run, freewheel freilaufend (German) freewheeling, free-roaming freilaufend (German) free-range (chicken) freilaufende Hühner (German pl.) free-range chickens Freilaufknarre (German f.) freewheel ratchet Freilaufknarren-Schlüssel (German m.) freewheel ratchet wrench, freewheel ratchet spanner, freewheel (ratchet) spanner, freewheel (ratchet) wrench Freilaufknopf (German m.) film rewind button (camera) Freilaufrad (German n.) freewheel Freilaufsteckschlüssel (German m.) ratchet socket wrench freilebend (German) free-living Freilegen (German n.) exposure (of an organ, vessel) freilegen (German) to uncover, to lay open, to expose, to reveal (to lay open to view) Freilegen der Wurzeln (German n.) baring of roots freilegend (German) laying open Freilegung (German f.) uncovering, clearance, exposure, extrication Freileitung (German f.) overhead wire, aerial cable, aerial line, landline, overhead line, overhead powerline Freileitungsnetz (German n.) overhead transmission network (electric power) Freilekhs an Ashkenazic folk dance, one of the typical dances of a traditional Ashkenazic wedding celebration freilich (German) admittedly, sure enough (colloquial), certainly, of course Freilich! (German) Indeed! Freilich ... (German) True, ... Freilicht (German n.) open air Freilichtaufführung (German f.) open-air performance Freilichtausstellung (German f.) open-air exhibition Freilichtbühne (German f.) open-air theatre, open-air stage Freilichtmalerei (German f.) outdoor painting, painting en plein air Freilichtmuseum (German n.) open-air museum, outdoor museum Freilichtspiele (German pl.) open-air theatre Freilichttheater (German n.) open-air theatre freiliegend (German) exposed Freilos (German n.) bye Freiluftaktivitäten (German pl.) outdoor activities Freiluftaufstellung (German f.) outdoor installation Freiluftbereich (German m.) outdoor area Freiluftfestival (German n.) open air festival Freiluft-Konzert (German n.) open air concert Freiluftmarkt (German m.) open-air market Freiluftschach (German n.) outdoor chess Freiluftsportanlage (German f.) open-air sports facility Freimachen (German n.) clearance (site) freimachen (German) to disengage, to vacate, to bare, to clear, to free, to demist (windscreen), to prepay (letter), to take time off (from work), to frank (letter, stamps), to put a stamp on, to put stamps on, to free up frei machen (German) to clear, to free, to vacate, to liberate, to emancipate (figurative), to unclog (blockage) Ffreimachend (German) disengaging Ffreimachen von (German) to disengage from Freimachung (German f.) emancipation, franking (postage), stamping (postage) Freimalerei (German f.) freestyle painting Freimann (German m.) hangman Freimaß (German n.) free size Freimaßtoleranz (German f.) general tolerance Freimaurer- (German) Masonic Freimaurer (s./pl.) (German m.) Freemason, Mason (Freemason) Freimaurerei (German f.) Freemasonry, Masonry freimaurerisch (German) freemasonic, Masonic Freimaurerloge (German f.) lodge (masonic lodge), Masonic lodge, Freemasons' lodge Freimaurertum (German n.) Masonry Freimut (German m.) frankness, candour, openness freimütig (German) upfront, frank, outspoken, unreservedly, candid, plain-spoken, ingenuous, straightforward, outspokenly, straightforwardly freimütiger (German) franker Freimütigkeit (German f.) candour freimütigste (German) frankest freimütig zugeben (German) to freely admit frei nach (German) freely adapted from, based on, based loosely on frei nach einem Roman (German) freely based on a novel frei nach Goethe (German) to adapt Goethe (freely), as Goethe didn't say frei nach Schnauze (German) to make a rough guess, to give a rough estimate frei praktizierender Zahnarzt (German m.) private dental surgeon Freiraum (German m.) freedom, scope for development, clearance, free zone, area of freedom, open space, free space freiräumen (German) to clear frei reden (German) to speak without notes freirollend (German) free rolling frei rotierend (German) freely rotating Freisasse (s.), Freisassen (pl.) (German m.) yeoman, franklin, yeomanry (pl.) freischaffend (German) freelance, free-lance, self-employed freischaffende Person (German f.) person working as a freelance Freischaffender (German m.) freelancer freischalten (German) to unlock, to activate, to enable Freischaltung (German f.) activation, work clearance Freischärler (s./pl.) (German m.) franctireur, irregular troops (pl.) frei schweben (German) to levitate, levitating Freischwebende (German f.) free reed, linguetta libre (Italian f.), Zungestimme (German f.), anche libre (French f.), lenguëta libre (Spanish f.) Freischwimmbad (German n.) outdoor swimming pool, open-air swimming baths Freischwimmbecken (German n.) outdoor (swimming) pool freischwimmend (German) afloat, freerunning freischwingende Stimmzunge (German f.) free reed Freischwinger (German m.) cantilever chair Freischwingersessel (German m.) cantilever chair Freisein (German n.) freedom frei sein (German) to be free, to be independent, to be off duty, to have a free hand freisetzen (German) to release (energy, heat), to liberate, to set free, to break loose, to let loose, to make redundant, to set at liberty Freisetzung (German f.) release, releasing, freeing Freisetzung von Arbeitskräften (German f.) redundancy Freisinn (German m.) liberalism freisinnig (German) liberal freisinnige Partei (German f.) progressive party Freisinnige Vereinigung (German f.) Liberal Union freisinnigste (German) most liberal Freisprechanlage (German f.) hands-free headset, hands-free kit freisprechbar (German) absolvable Freisprecheinrichtung (German f.) hands-free equipment, speakerphone freisprechen (German) to discharge, to qualify (apprentices), to clear of, to absolve freisprechend (German) absolving, acquitting Freisprechfunktion (German f.) speakerphone function Freisprechgerät (German n.) hands-free telephone Freisprechmikrofon (German n.) hands-free microphone Freisprechung (German f.) absolution, acquittal Freispringen (German n.) free jumping Freispruch (German m.) acquittal, absolvitor, verdict of acquittal, verdict of not guilty, absolution Freispruch bringen (German) to bring in a verdict of not guilty Freistaat (German m.) Free State (South African province), free state Freistaat Bayern (German m.) the Free State of Bavaria Freistaat der Drei Bünde (German m.) Free State of the Three Leagues Freistaat Sachsen (German m.) the Free State of Saxony Freistaat Thüringen (German m.) the Free State of Thuringia Freistatt (German f.) asylum, sanctuary Freistätte (German f.) asylum, sanctuary freiste (German) freest freistehen (German) to be vacant freistehend (German) being vacant, freestanding, free-standing, detached frei stehend (German) free-standing freistehende Säule (German f.) detached column, isolated column, unattached column, free-standing column freistehendes Gebäude (German n.) detached building freistehendes Haus (German n.) detached house Freistelle (German f.) vacancy freistellen (German) to exempt, to make available, to release, to set at liberty, to excuse freistellend (German) exempting freistellen von (German) to excuse from Freistellung (German f.) exemption, release, leave, extraction, leave of absence, indemnification Freistellung für einen Tag (German f.) day release Freistellungsklausel (German f.) indemnity clause Freistempel (German m.) meter stamp (postage), franking machine, postage meter Freistil (German m.) freestyle, bold style, broad style, free style Freistilringen (German n.) freestyle wrestling Freistilschwimmen (German n.) freestyle, freestyle swimming freistimmig (German) or 'free voice-leading', a pseudo-contrapuntal texture in which there is no strict adherence to a given number of parts, and voices (parts) are free to enter and drop out at will Freistrahlanlage (German f.) shot blasting cabin, sandblaster Freistunde (s.), Freistunden (pl.) (German f.) free period, free hour Freitag (s./pl.) (German m.) Friday Freitagabend (German m.) Friday evening Freitag in einer Woche (German) on Friday week, a week from Friday Freitagmorgen (German m.) Friday morning Freitagnachmittag (German m.) Friday afternoon freitags (German) (on) Fridays Freitagvormittag (German m.) Friday morning Freitauchen (German n.) free-diving Freiterrasse (German f.) open terrace Freitext (German m.) free text Freitod (German m.) suicide Freitodbegleitung (German f.) assisted suicide freitonal (German) atonal freitragend (German) cantilever, unsupported freitragender Arm (German m.) cantilever (beam) Freitreppe (German f.) perron, flight of stairs frei übertragbar (German) negotiable Freiübungen (German pl.) callisthenics Freiumschlag (German m.) postage-paid envelope, prepaid envelope frei und selbständig sein (German) to be one's own man, to be one's own woman frei und ungebunden (German) footloose and fancy-free frei und ungebunden sein (German) to be footloose and fancy-free, to be a free agent frei verfügbar (German) discretionary, disposable freiverkäufliche Medikamente (German pl.) over-the-counter medication frei von (German) clear of, free from, devoid of frei von Anschuldigungen (German) clear from blame frei von Ansprüchen (German) free from pretence frei von Bakterien (German) bacteria-free, sterile, abacterial frei von Bäumen (German) clear of trees frei von Baumstümpfen (German) clear of tree stumps frei von Beschädigung (German) damage-free frei von Fehlern (German) faultless, free from defects, flawless frei von Gefahr (German) clear of danger frei von Hindernissen (German) clear of obstacles frei von Ketten (German) chainless frei von Leckage (German) free from leakage frei von Mängeln (German) free from defects frei von Ratten (German) clear of rats frei von Sand (German) clear of sand frei von Schuld sein (German) to be free of guilt frei von Schulden (German) afloat, clean slate, unencumbered frei von Schulden bleiben (German) to keep out of debt frei von Schund (German) clear of rubbish frei von Schwierigkeiten (German) clear of difficulties frei von ... sein (German) to be clear of ... frei von Steinen (German) clear of stones frei von Stress (German) free of stress frei von totem Gang (German) no backlash frei von Unterholz (German) clear of undergrowth frei von Verdacht (German) clear of suspicion frei von Wasser (German) clear of water frei wählbar (German) arbitrary, freely selectable Freiwasser (German n.) open water freiweg (German) openly frei werden (German) to become available, to be released freiwerdend (German) redundant Freiwerden von Energie (German n.) release of energy frei wie ein Vogel (German) free as a bird Freiwild (German n.) fair game freiwillig (German) unsolicitous, voluntarily, voluntary, volunteering, by one's own choice, freely (of one's own accord), of one's own accord, spontaneous (voluntary), by choice, optional, of one's own free will freiwillig dienen (German) to be a volunteer freiwillige Arbeitslosigkeit (German f.) voluntary unemployment freiwillige Auflösung (German f.) voluntary liquidation freiwillige Beiträge (German pl.) voluntary contributions freiwillige Dienstleistung (German f.) voluntary service freiwillige Entlassung (German f.) voluntary redundancy freiwillige Feuerwehr (German f.) volunteer fire brigade freiwillige Hilfe (German f.) spontaneous help, voluntary assistance freiwillige Leistung (German f.) ex-gratia payment Freiwilligenagenturen (German pl.) volunteer agencies Freiwilligenarbeit (German f.) (volunteer) charity work Freiwilligenarmee (German f.) army of volunteers, volunteer army Freiwilligengruppe (German f.) volunteer group, group of volunteers Freiwilligenheer (German n.) volunteer army Freiwilligenhelfer (German m.) volunteer (worker) Freiwilligenkorps (German n.) voluntary corps, volunteer corps Freiwilligenmiliz (German f.) volunteer militia Freiwilliger (m.), Freiwillige (f.), Freiwillige (pl.) (German) volunteer Freiwilliger aus dem Publikum (German m.) audience volunteer, volunteer from the audience freiwilliger Feuerwehrmann (German m.) volunteer firefighter, volunteer fireman freiwilliger Zusammenschluss (German m.) voluntary association freiwilliger Wahlhelfer (German m.) campaign volunteer freiwillige Sozialleistungen (German pl.) perks (colloquial), fringe benefits freiwillige Spende (German f.) voluntary donation freiwilliges Projekt (German n.) voluntary scheme freiwillige Verpflichtung (German f.) voluntary undertaking freiwillige Versicherung (German f.) optional insurance freiwillige vertrauliche Selbstauskunft (German f.) voluntary disclosure of confidential information freiwillige Zahlung (German f.) voluntary payment Freiwilligkeit (German f.) gratuitousness, spontaneousness Freiwinkel (German m.) angle of clearance, clearance angle Freizeichen (German n.) dial tone, ringing tone Freizeit (German f.) free time, spare time, leisure time, time off, recreation, retreat Freizeit- (German) recreational (prefix) Freizeitaktivität (s.), Freizeitaktivitäten (pl.) (German f.) extracurricular activity, leisure activity, spare time activity, leisure time activity Freizeitaktivitäten im Freien (German pl.) outdoor pursuits Freizeitangebot (German n.) recreation offer Freizeitanlage (German f.) amenity, leisure facility Freizeitanzug (German m.) jogging suit, leisure suit, casual suit Freizeitareal (German n.) leisure area Freizeitartikel (German pl.) leisure articles Freizeitausgleich (German m.) compensatory time off Freizeitbekleidung (German f.) leisure clothing, casual clothing, casual clothes, leisurewear, leisure wear Freizeitbereich (German m.) recreation area Freizeitbeschäftigung (German f.) leisure-time activity, leisure-time activities, leisure activities, spare time job, recreation, hobby, pastime, recreational pursuit Freizeit-BH (German m.) casual bra Freizeitbluse (German f.) casual blouse Freizeitboot (German n.) pleasure boat Freizeitclub (German m.) leisure club, hobby club Freizeitdetektiv (m.), Freizeitdetektivin (f.) (German) amateur detective Freizeitdienstleistungen (German pl.) recreational services Freizeiteinrichtung (s.), Freizeiteinrichtungen (pl.) (German f.) recreational facility, leisure facility Freizeitforschung (German f.) leisure studies Freizeitfußballer (German m.) amateur footballer Freizeitgestaltung (German f.) leisure time activities, organization of one's leisure time, leisure activities Freizeithemd (German n.) casual shirt, sports shirt Freizeithose (German f.) casual trousers Freizeitindustrie (German f.) leisure industry Freizeitinteressen (German pl.) leisure-time interests Freizeitjacke (German f.) casual jacket Freizeitklamotten (German pl.) casual rags, casual gear (clothes) Freizeitkleid (German n.) casual dress Freizeitkleidung (German f.) leisure wear, casual wear, leisurewear, casual clothes Freizeitlandwirt (German m.) spare-time farmer Freizeitläufer (German m.) amateur runner Freizeitmaler (German m.) amateur painter Freizeitmöglichkeiten (German pl.) free time activities Freizeitnutzung (German f.) recreational use Freizeitpark (German m.) theme park, amusement park Freizeitraum (German m.) leisure space Freizeitreisender (s.), Freizeitreisende (pl.) (German m.) leisure traveller Freizeitrock (German m.) casual skirt Freizeitschuh (German m.) casual shoe Freizeitsocke (s.), Freizeitsocken (pl.) (German f.) casual sock Freizeitspiel (German n.) recreational game Freizeitsport (German m.) recreational sport Freizeitstiefel (German m.) casual boot Freizeitstrumpf (s.), Freizeitstrümpfe (pl.) (German m.) casual stocking, casual sock Freizeitstunden (German pl.) leisure hours Freizeittasche (German f.) leisure bag Freizeitwaren (German pl.) leisure goods Freizeitwert (German m.) recreational value Freizeitwirtschaft (German f.) leisure industry Freizeitzentrum (German n.) leisure centre, recreation centre Freizeitzimmermann (German m.) amateur carpenter Freizone (German f.) free zone frei zugänglich (German) exposable freizügig (German) revealing, libertine, permissive, generous freizügiger (German) more generous freizügiges Paar (German n.) open-minded couple, swinging couple (uninhibited) Freizügigkeit (German f.) generosity, liberality, freedom, freedom of movement, largess Freizügigkeitsprinzip (German n.) principle of freedom of movement freizügigste (German) most generous freizuhaltende Fläche (German f.) area to be kept clear frei zur Verladung (German) ready for shipment fremd (German) foreign, strange, alien, alien to, external, extraneous, extraneous to the matter, extrinsic, new, different, other Fremdanbieter (German m.) third-party supplier Fremdanschaltung (German f.) remote access Fremdarbeiter (s./pl.) (German m.) foreign worker, migrant worker (Switzerland) fremdartig (German) outlandish, outlandishly, unfamiliar, alien, repugnant, strange, exotic Fremdartigkeit (German f.) extraneousness, foreignness, strangeness Fremdauftrag (German m.) outside contract Fremdbelüftung (German f.) forced ventilation Fremdbeschaffung (German f.) outsourcing Fremdbestandteil (German m.) impurity (in water, etc.) fremdbestimmt (German) heteronomous Fremdbestimmung (German f.) heteronomy Fremdbevölkerung (German f.) alien population Fremdbezug (German m.) outsourcing fremde Anleger (German pl.) outside investors fremde Dame (German f.) strange lady fremde Einflüsse (German pl.) foreign influences fremde Flagge (German f.) foreign flag fremde Gebräuche (German pl.) strange customs fremde Hilfe (German f.) outside help fremde Ideen (German pl.) alien ideas, foreign ideas fremde Länder (German pl.) foreign countries, strange lands fremde Rasse (German f.) alien race fremde Sitten (German pl.) strange customs fremde Sitten übernehmen (German) to adopt foreign ways fremde Sprache (German f.) foreign language fremde Sprachen sprechend (German) foreign-speaking fremde Vorstellungen (German pl.) alien ideas Fremdeinmischung (German f.) foreign intrusion, outside interference Fremdeinschätzung (German f.) external assessment Fremdeinspeisung (German f.) third party supply Fremdelement (German n.) foreign element Fremdenbeherbergung (German f.) tourist accommodation, providing accommodation for visitors Fremdenbuch (German n.) visitors' book, guestbook Fremdenfeind (German m.) xenophobe fremdenfeindlich (German) xenophobic, xenophobically, anti-immigrant, hostile to strangers, hostile to foreigners fremdenfeindliche Parolen (German pl.) anti-immigrant slogans, anti-immigrant slogans Fremdenfeindlichkeit (German f.) xenophobia, hostility toward strangers, hostility to foreigners fremdenfreundlich (German) xenophilous Fremdenführer (m.), Fremdenführerin (f.) (German) guide, cicerone, tourist guide, tour guide Fremdenführer sein (German) to act as guide Fremdenführung (German f.) conducted tour, guided tour Fremdenfurcht (German f.) xenophobia Fremdenhass (German m.) hatred of foreigners Fremdenhasser (m.), Fremdenhasserin (f.) (German) xenophobe Fremdenheim (German n.) boarding house Fremdenindustrien (German pl.) tourist industries Fremdenlegionär (German m.) Foreign Legionnaire Fremdenliste (German f.) list of arrivals Fremdenpaß (German m., old form) alien passport Fremdenpass (German m.) alien passport Fremdenpolizei (German f.)immigration authorities Fremdenverkehr (German m.) tourism Fremdenverkehrsamt (German n.) tourist information, tourist (information) bureau, tourist (information) office Fremdenverkehrsbüro (German n.) tourist office, tourist information office, tourist (information) bureau Fremdenverkehrsförderung (German f.) promotion of tourism Fremdenverkehrsgewerbe (German n.) tourist industry, tourist trade Fremdenverkehrsindustrie (German f.) tourist industry Fremdenverkehrsort (German m.) tourist centre, tourist resort Fremdenverkehrswerbung (German f.) tourist advertising Fremdenverkehrswirtschaft (German f.) tourist industry, tourist trade Fremdenverkehrszentrum (German n.) tourist centre Fremdenzimmer (German n.) guest room, spare room Fremder (m.), Fremde (f.), Fremde (pl.) (German) stranger, alien, tramontane (foreigner), (the) other, newcomer, tourist Fremdes (German n.) (the) other fremdes Brauchtum annehmen (German) to adopt foreign customs fremdes Gesicht (German n.) strange face fremdes Land (German n.) alien land, foreign country, outland (poetic) Fremdfabrikat (German n.) third-party product fremdfinanziert (German) sponsored (financially), leveraged, financed with outside capital, externally financed fremdfinanzierte Übernahme (German f.) leveraged buyout Fremdfinanzierung (German f.) borrowing, finance through borrowing, debt financing Fremdfirma (German f.) external company fremdgehen (German) to be unfaithful, to have an affair, to have affairs (while married) Fremdgeher (German m.) two-timer (colloquial) Fremdgerät (German n.) alien machine Fremdgeräusch (German n.) extraneous noise Fremdgeschmack (German m.) foreign taste Fremdgruppe (German f.) out-group Fremdheit (German f.) strangeness, foreignness, unfamiliarity, otherness, alienness Fremdheitserfahrung (German f.) experience of unfamiliarity Fremdherrschaft (s.), Fremdherrschaften (pl.) (German f.) foreign rule, foreign domination Fremdhersteller (German m.) third-party manufacturer Fremdhilfe (German f.) outside help, outside assistance Fremdkapitalkosten (German pl.) borrowing costs Fremdkapitalzinsen (German pl.) interest on borrowed capital fremd klingen (German) to sound strange Fremdkörper (s./pl.) (German m.) foreign substance, foreign body, foreign matter, alien element Fremdkosten (German pl.) third-party costs Fremdkühlung (German f.) forced cooling fremdländisch (German) alien, extraneous, foreign, outlandish (archaic: foreign, alien), exotic Fremdleistung (German f.) external service Fremdlieferanten (German pl.) external suppliers, outside suppliers Fremdling (s.), Fremdlinge (pl.) (German m.) stranger, alien Fremdmittel (German pl.) external funds, outside funds, outside resources Fremdmittelbedarf (German m.) borrowing requirements Fremdmittelbeschaffung (German f.) outside resourcing Fremdnutzung (German f.) utilisation by third parties Fremdobjekt (German n.) foreign object Fremdorgan (German n.) foreign organ fremdorganisiert (German) externally organised Fremdprodukt (German n.) third-party product Fremdrechte (German pl.) third-party rights Fremdschlüssel (German m.) foreign key Fremdschwingungen (German pl.) external vibrations Fremdsoftware (German f.) third-party software Fremdspannung (German f.) external voltage Fremdsprache (s.), Fremdsprachen (pl.) (German f.) foreign language Fremdsprachen-Akzent-Syndrom (German n.) foreign accent syndrome Fremdsprachenassistent (m.), Fremdsprachenassistentin (f.) (German) foreign language assistant Fremdsprachenausbildung (German f.) foreign language training Fremdsprachenerwerb (German m.) foreign language acquisition Fremdsprachenkenntnisse (German pl.) knowledge of foreign languages Fremdsprachenschule (German f.) foreign language school Fremdsprachensekretär (m.), Fremdsprachensekretärin (f.) (German) multilingual secretary, bilingual secretary Fremdsprachenstudium (German n.) foreign-language study Fremdsprachenunterricht (German m.) teaching of foreign languages Fremdsprachenwörterbuch (German n.) foreign language dictionary fremdsprachig (German) foreign-language fremdsprachige Korrespondenz (German f.) foreign-language correspondence Fremdsprachiger (German m.) non-native speaker fremdsprachlich (German) foreign language fremdsprachliches Wörterbuch (German n.) foreign-language dictionary fremdstaatlich (German) foreign Fremdstämmiger (m.), Fremdstämmige (f.) (German) alien, foreigner Fremdstoff (s.), Fremdstoffe (pl.) (German m.) xenobiotic, foreign matter, impurity Fremdstrom (German m.) external power supply Fremdstromquelle (German f.) external power source Fremdsystem (German n.) external system, non-(name of company / manufacturer) system Fremdtransplantat (German n.) xenograft Fremdunternehmer (German m.) outside contractor Fremdvergabe (German f.) contracting out Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz (German m.) arm's length principle Fremdverschulden (German n.) third-party responsibility, third party negligence Fremdvölker (German pl.) foreign peoples Fremdwahrnehmung (German f.) external perception Fremdwährung (German f.) foreign currency Fremdwasser (German n.) infiltration, inflow Fremdwort (s.), Fremdwörter (pl.) (German n.) a foreign word, word of foreign origin, borrowed word (a word that has been borrowed from another language) Fremdwörterbuch (German n.) dictionary of borrowed words, dictionary of foreign words Fremdzubehör (German n.) non-(name of company / manufacturer) accessories Fremdzündungsmotor (German m.) petrol engine fremente (Italian) furiously Frémissement (s.), Frémissements (pl.) (French m.) humming, singing in a low voice, shudder, shiver, quivering (string, etc.), shiver (light shaking movement), trembling, simmering, quivering (simmering water) un frémissement de plaisir French: a thrill or quiver of pleasure un frémissement parcourut la salle French: a quiver ran through the room frenando (Italian) braking, bremsend French beaming when notes are beamed according to French custom, stems are not drawn all the way to the 8th beam, but extend only as far as the beam closest to the notehead. Sometimes staff lines are even removed from the spaces between the beams to increase legibility French beaming illustrated French bow/grip the French grip is an overhand grip, much like a violin or a cello bow, adopted by double-bass players who use a French bow, also called the Bottesini bow, after the player who made it famous. The French style bow resembles a violin or cello bow, with a small frog (the large piece of wood, usually ebony, that you hold and that holds the mechanism for adjusting hair tension) and a narrow space between the stick and hair. You put your thumb into the opening at the frog and your fingers are placed at the top of the stick the alternative is the 'German grip' employed with a 'German bow' - see 'German bow/grip' French braid or French plait, a popular hairstyle socalled because it was invented by a French hair stylist, Unlike a regular three-strand braid, a French braid starts with small sections of hair at the crown of a person's head, and intermittently, more hair is added to each section as the braid progresses down the head. The classic French braid is a single braid at the back of one's head French braid from which this information has been taken French Cancan a highly choreographed routine lasting ten minutes or more, with the opportunity for individuals to display their "specialities". The main moves are the high kick or battement, the rond de jambe (quick rotary movement of lower leg with knee raised and skirt held up), the port d'armes (turning on one leg, while grasping the other leg by the ankle and holding it almost vertical), the cartwheel and the grand écart (the flying or jump splits). Additionally, performance practice of the can-can almost always includes the dancers screaming, yelling, cat-calling and trilling while dancing Can-can from which this information has been taken French chalk a kind of talc used for marking cloth, as a dry lubricant, etc. French chanson chanson is a French word for song. In English language contexts, the word is often applied to any song with French words, but it can also be applied more specifically - to refer to classic, lyric-driven French songs, to refer to European songs in the 'cabaret style', or to refer to a diverse range of songs interpreted in this style. A singer specialising in chansons is known as a chansonnier French clef see 'French violin clef' French Dressing (German n.) French dressing French dressing salad dressing of seasoned vinegar and oil French flageolet see flageolet French fold a sheet of paper that is folded twice at right angles. For cards this forms a double fold with an underside that is left blank and a outside on both sides of one fold that is printed upon French grip a technique used to hold drum sticks and mallets to play percussion instruments. In this form of matched grip, the palms of the hands face directly toward each other and the stick is moved primarily with the fingers rather the wrist as in German grip. This allows a greater degree of finesse, which is why many timpanists prefer French grip. For louder strokes, the wrist rotates much in the same way as when hammering a nail French grip from which this entry has been taken French harp see 'harmonica' French hip hop French hip hop French Hood (in use 1530-1630) a small bonnet made on a stiff frame and worn far back on the head. Folds of material fell below the shoulders from a short flat panel at the back. They were usually dark in colour but decorated with biliments (borders of silk, satin, or velvet, and trimmed with gold or jewels) and worn over a crespin French horn corno (Italian m.), corno francese (Italian m.), Horn (German n.), cor (French m.), cor d'harmonie (French m.), cor français trompa (de pistones) (Spanish m.), corno francés (Spanish m.) the French horn is a valved brass wind instrument with a circular shape, tapering from a narrow mouthpiece to a flaring bell at the other end, as opposed to the cylindrical bore and cup-shaped mouthpiece of the trumpet family, and producing a mellow tone. Often played with the right hand inside the bell, it is said to be the most difficult instrument to play. It is referred to in most countries without any nationalistic reference and is known as the "French" horn only in English-speaking countries the horn was actually developed in the Alps of the Germanic countries, commonly used to warn animal intruders that threatened a shepherd's flock. Since the French dominated most of the alpine region at that time, the term "French Horn" became popular. The instrument was originally constructed entirely of wood and straw, and the conical mouthpiece was also wooden. In the late 16th and 17th centuries the horn, from this time usually made of brass, was lengthened and coiled - first in a small, spiral coil, later in a wider, open loop. By the late seventeenth century, the cor de chasse ("hunting horn") emerged in France with a wide, flaring bell and a tube length of up to 4.37 m (14 ft.), the obvious prototype of the modern instrument. Responsive to a greatly increased number of its natural overtones, the cor de chasse possessed a wide enough range of pitches for use in the orchestra of the early eighteenth century. French horns are now made of brass the horn gained greater flexibility about 1750 with an invention, attributed to the Dresden virtuoso Anton Joseph Hampel, of the technique called hand stopping. Hand stopping involves placing a hand in the bell of the horn to alter the pitch of the natural notes by as much as a whole tone. Despite this advance, cumbersome lengths of tubing, called crooks, were necessary for playing in many keys. Also at this time (the late eighteenth century) the cup-shaped, trumpet-like mouthpiece was abandoned for the funnel-shaped mouthpiece of the modern horn, resulting in a smoother, less raucous sound the invention of valves (patented in 1818 by Heinrich Stolzel and Friedrich Bluhmel in Berlin) in the early nineteenth century revolutionized the horn, allowing the player to alter the length of the tubing by the motion of a finger and yielding an instrument virtually chromatic (proceeding by semitones) throughout its range. Although it was slow to be accepted, the valve horn prevailed by the end of the nineteenth century. Modern players still use hand stopping to affect intonation and tone color. Composers from Bach, Beethoven, Strauss and Tchaikovsky to Bernstein and Gershwin have all written for the French horn. Aubrey Brain was the first horn player ever to record an entire horn concerto, Mozart's Concerto No. 2, in 1927. Most orchestras today include four horns. The modern French horn is usually pitched in F, and has three valves and a tube length of about 3.75 m (12 ft.). The great demands on the resources of the horn have led to the widespread adoption of the "double horn," in which a separate set of coils for a horn in B-flat is added to a horn in F, a fourth valve acting as a switch between the two sets of coils. They are also used in concert and marching bands and brass ensembles. However, single horns in F or B-flat still see use, notably in operatic settings. Their lighter weight renders them much more suitable for the extended and strenuous playing required of Wagnerian operas French Horn French Horn List of Horn Techniques French horn a colour reed stop found in 'romantic' organs French House a late 1990s form of house music, greatly influenced by 1970s and 1980s disco and funk , as well as the productions of Thomas Bangalter. The music can be noted by the infamous "filter effect" (e.g. Daft Punk). French house may have vocal samples. French House is also known as "filter house" or "tekfunk" French house from which this extract has been taken Frenchify to make French in form, manners, etc. (colloquial) French jive see 'modern jive' French Knickers (German pl.) French knickers French knickers a type of lingerie, wide-legged underpants French leave absence without permission French mandoline see 'mandolin, mandoline' French overture a work for orchestra, originating in the 1650s, that is usually used as an introduction to a ballet, opera, or suite which is in four linked sections arranged slow (often strongly dotted) - quick (lively, often fugal) - slow (in imitation of the first section) - quick (lively) French pitch in the eighteenth century, there were three pitch standards used for concerted music in France. The modern version of the middle one is a'=415 Hz. The others were about a tone higher and a semitone lower than the middle one. The lower pitch, a'=392 Hz, approximately a tone lower than standard modern pitch (a'=440 Hz), was called 'very low French chamber pitch' by Quantz in 1752 in the nineteenth century, the French adopted by legal decree a new French pitch, called Diapason Normal (a'=435 Hz), which they set for a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). In America, Theodore Thomas as far back as 1883, ordered his concert halls to be kept at a temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit, or as near to that as possible which meant that French-made wind instruments tuned to A=435 Hz at 59 degrees Fahrenheit would actually play at a'=440 Hz when played at 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius) French poetic meter in French poetry, meter is determined solely by the number of syllables in a line. A silent 'e' counts as a syllable before a consonant, but is elided before a vowel (where h aspiré counts as a consonant). At the end of a line, the "e" remains unelided but is hypermetrical (outside the count of syllables, like a feminine ending in English verse). The most frequently encountered meter in French is the alexandrine, composed of two hemistichs of six syllables each. Classical French poetry also had a complex set of rules for rhymes that goes beyond how words merely sound. These are usually taken into account when describing the meter of a poem Meter (poetry) - French from which this extract has been taken French polish shellac polish for wood French Press (German f.) coffee press French reel (Montserrat) a skin drum that produces an ominous sound, said to attract the jumbie spirits French scene a numbering system for a play in which a new scene is numbered whenever characters exit or enter the stage French School (ballet) the French School of ballet began in the court ceremonies of the French monarchs. Louis XIV studied with the famous ballet master Pierre Beauchamp and established the first academy of dancing, known as the Académie Royale de Musique et de Danse, in Paris in 1661. The École de Danse de l'Opéra was founded in 1713 and is now known as the École de Danse du Théâtre National de l'Opéra. Among its most famous ballet masters were Beauchamp, Pécour, Lany, Noverre, G. and A. Vestris, M. and P. Gardel, F. Taglioni, Mazilier, Saint-Léon, Mérante, Staats, Aveline and Lifar. The French School was known for its elegance and soft, graceful movements rather than technical virtuosity. Its influence spread throughout Europe and is the basis of all ballet training French School from which this information has been taken French sixth chord an augmented sixth chord consisting of a major third, augmented fourth, and augmented sixth above the bass. The French sixth chord is sometimes called an 'augmented six four three chord' Sixth Chords French tablature a system of musical notation most commonly used in England and France and with some differences also in Italy and Spain. A different system came into use in Germany - see 'German tablature' The Origins of Tablature Notation French time names see 'Galin-Paris-Chevé system' French violin clef or 'French clef', chiave di violino francese (Italian f.), französische Violinschlüssel (German m.), clé de sol 1re (French f.), clef de sol 1re (French f.), clave de sol en primera (Spanish f.), clave de violín francés (Spanish f.) or 'violin clef', one of the 'so-called' G-clefs French Violin Clef French window glazed door in an outside wall Frenetic (also phrenetic) frantic, frenzied frenetico (m.), frenetica (f.) (Italian) frenzied frenetisch (German) frenetic, frenetically, phrenetic Frenzy wild or delirious excitement, agitation or fury freq. abbreviation of 'frequently', 'frequentative' Fréquence (French f.) frequency Fréquence d'échantillonnage (French f.) sampling rate, sampling frequency, frequenza di campionamento (Italian f.), Abtastrate (German f.), frecuencia de muestreo (Spanish f.) Freqüência (Portuguese) frequency Frequency the number of vibrations per second of a musical pitch, usually measured in hertz (Hz), where one hertz is one vibration per second. The human frequency range is divided into three rough areas or bands. High frequencies (between about 5 kHz and 20 kHz), mid frequencies (between about 200 Hz and 5 kHz) and low frequencies (between about 20 Hz and 200 Hz) Frequency analysis in mathematics, physics and signal processing, frequency analysis is a method to decompose a function, wave, or signal into its frequency components so that it is possible to have the frequency spectrum Frequency analysis from which this extract has been taken Frequency band a range of frequencies, for example that might be allocated to carry certain kinds of electromagnetic signal such as television or radio Frequency comb a very precise tool for measuring different colours, or frequencies, of light Frequency generator see 'signal generator' Frequency modulated screening see 'stochastic screening' Frequency modulation the encoding of a carrier wave by variation of its frequency in accordance with an input signal Frequency range in singing, the distance between one's highest and lowest frequency pitch range Frequency response a graph which shows how a system or piece of equipment or even an environment such as a room responds to different frequencies. Ideally, for audio work the graph should plot a flat line from below 20 Hz to above 20 kHz. In practise this is often not achieved, and the line will fluctuate up and down between these points, indicating that the equipment or environment makes some frequencies louder or quieter than others. Humans have a well documented "non-flat" response and this is the response used to specify the dB(A) scale for determining loudness. The term should not be confused with bandwidth which concerns itself only with the attenuation above an upper limit frequency and below a lower limit frequency and does not concern itself with the range between them Frequency response Studio Musician's Jargonbuster from which this extract has been taken Frequency spectrum the vast majority of sounds we hear in real life are mixtures of simpler tones called sine waves, each with a characteristic frequency and amplitude, the combination of which give a note its distinct timbre or tone colour. A frequency spectrum, or 'spectrogram', is a graphic display or other representation of the frequency content of a signal. Two-dimensional graphic spectra usually plot amplitude (vertical axis) versus frequency (horizontal axis). There are two general types of spectra. A 'partial' spectrum portrays discrete frequencies and is suitable for graphic descriptions of harmonics. A 'continuous' spectrum portrays bands of contiguous frequencies and is suitable for graphic displays of noise bands. The frequency spectrum of a pure sine wave displays only a single component Frequency spectrum Frequent to visit often, done or occurring often frequent (German) frequent frequentativ (German) frequentative Frequentative reference to a subclass of imperfective verbs that denotes a continuously repeated action Frequentie (Dutch) frequency frequentieren (German) to frequent, to haunt frequentierend (German) frequenting frequentiert (German) frequents, frequented Frequenz (s.), Frequenzen (pl.) (German f.) frequency, rate, periodicity Frequenza (Italian f.) frequency frequenzabhängig (German) frequency-dependent Frequenzabhängigkeit (German f.) frequency-dependence Frequenzabstimmung (German f.) frequency tuning Frequenza di campionamento (Italian f.) sampling rate, sampling frequency, fréquence d'échantillonnage (French f.), Abtastrate (German f.)frecuencia de muestreo (Spanish f.) Frequenzänderung (German f.) change in frequency Frequenzantwort (German f.) frequency response Frequenzausgang (German m.) frequency output Frequenzband (German n.) wave band, frequency band Frequenzbereich (s.), Frequenzbereiche (pl.) (German m.) frequency range, band (radio), frequency response, band of frequencies frequenzbestimmend (German) frequency determining Frequenzfilter (German m.) frequency filter Frequenzgang (German m.) frequency response frequenzgeregelt (German) frequency-controlled Frequenzhub (German m.) frequency swing Frequenzkamm (German m.) frequency comb Frequenzkennlinie (German f.) frequency characteristic Frequenzkomponente (German f.) frequency component Frequenzkonstanz (German f.) frequency stability Frequenzmodulation (German f.) frequency modulation, FM (abbreviation) see 'FM' frequenzmoduliert (German) frequency-modulated Frequenzregelung (German f.) frequency control Frequenzregler (German m.) frequency control, frequency controller Frequenzsignal (German n.) frequency signal Frequenzspektrum (German n.) frequency spectrum Frequenzsynchronisierung (German f.) frequency synchronisation frequenzunabhängig (German) frequency-independent, untuned Frequenzverschiebung (German f.) frequency shift Frequenzvervielfacher (German m.) frequency multiplier Frequenzwechsel (German m.) frequency change Frequenzzähler (German m.) frequency counter frescamente (Italian) coolly, freshly, vigorously, lively Fresco (Italian m.) the technique of painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco, or fresco secco) or wet (true fresco or buon) - in the latter method, the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster the painting itself is also sometimes called a fresco fresco (Italian) fresh, cool, vigorous Fresco secco (Italian m.) a method of painting on plaster that has been allowed to dry (strictly, this method of painting is not fresco at all) Freshet sudden overflow of a stream resulting from a heavy rain or a thaw, a stream of fresh water that empties into a body of salt water Freskenzyklus (German m.) fresco cycle Fresko (s.), Fresken (pl.) (German n.) fresco (painting) Freskogemälde (German n.) fresco Freskomalerei (German f.) fresco (method), fresco painting Freskotechnik (German f.) fresco technique Fresnellinse (German f.) Fresnel lens Fresnelreflektor (German m.) Fresnel reflector Fresnelspiegel (German m.) Fresnel mirror Fressalien (German pl.) eatables Fresse (German f.) kisser (slang: mouth), mug (colloquial: face) Fressen (German n.) food, grub (colloquial), fretting, dinner (for a pet), fretting fressen (German) to gormandise, to guzzle, to munch, to rankle, to eat (animal), to devour, to gorge (pejorative), to eat (pejorative) fressend (German) cankerous, guzzling, munching, rankling, eating fressen wie ein Schwein (German) to eat like a pig Fresser (s./pl.) (German m.) devourer, glutton, overeater, eater Fresserei (s.), Fressereien (pl.) (German f.) guzzling, gluttony, excessive eating (pl.) Fressfeinde (German pl.) natural enemies Fressgelage (German n.) eating binge (colloquial) Fressgewohnheiten (German pl.) dietary habits Fressgier (German f.) voraciousness, gluttony Fressladen (German m.) eating-house Fresslokal (German n.) eatery Fressmeile (German f.) food mall Fressnapf (German m.) feeding bowl Fressneigung (German f.) susceptibility to corrosion (metalwork) Fressorgie (German f.) orgy of eating Fresssack (German m.) glutton Fresssucht (German f.) bulimia, craving for food Fret horizontal strip fixed in or tied around the fingerboard of some stringed instruments to act as a guide to where the fingers should be placed (normally close to and above the fret) to stop for a particular note Fret Fretboard see 'fingerboard' Frethand muting Frethand and palm muting on the guitar Fretless a string instrument that usually bears frets but where the frets are absent; usually found with bass guitars, the effect being to give a smoother sound Fretless bass electric bass guitar made without frets or from which the frets have been removed, known for the smoothness of glissando and similarity in tone to the double bass, that require very precise fingering. They are used mainly in jazz, jazz-fusion, and funk music, although they are used by some players in other genres as well Fretless zither Andreas Michel in his work Zithern: Musikinstrumente zwischen und Burgerlichkeit (1995) lists three categories of fretless zither: fretless zithers with chromatic or diatonic strings from low to high (one or two courses) fretless zithers with strings set in chords without melody strings (which allow only chords to be played) a combination of these two, so having single melody strings, accompanied by five to seven chords of strings together (usually four chords on American models). This allowed the melody to be played with some limited accompaniment Fretless zither from which this information has been taken Frets see 'fret' Fretta (Italian f.) haste, celerity, speed frettando (Italian) hurrying, accelerating the movement Frettchen (s./pl.) (German n.) ferret Frette (French) fret Fretted tastato (Italian), mit Bünden versehen (German), avec sillets (French), a string instrument bearing frets. An instrument that would usually have frets but where the frets are absent is termed 'fretless' or 'unfretted' Fretted clavichord a fretted clavichord shares two or more notes per string (usually pair of strings) the 12 notes in an octave might be shared across only seven pairs of strings thus: string pair 1 C + C# string pair 2 D string pair 3 E-flat + E string pair 4 F + F# string pair 5 G + G# string pair 6 A string pair 7 B-flat + B Fretted versus unfretted clavichord from which this extract has been taken Fretted harp-guitar a classification introduced by Gregg Miner for a plucked instrument that is fully fretted (and therefore cannot qualify as a "true" harp guitar) but is clearly designed to be played very much like an intricate harp guitar Harpolyres from which this extract has been taken Fretted zither synonymous with 'concert zither' frettevole (Italian) hasty, hurried Fretting the fitting of frets on a stringed instrument to mark the semitones (half steps) or tones (whole steps) of a scale there are two types of fretting: chromatic fretting, where every semitone (half step) of a scale is marked with a fret, and diatonic fretting, where only the frets relevant to a diatonic scale are fitting on the fingerboard. The latter arrangement is characteristic of the old-time Appalachian dulcimer frettolosamente (Italian) hasty, hurriedly frettoloso (Italian) in a hurry, hasty, hurried frettoso (Italian) hasty, hurried Freude (s.), Freuden (pl.) (German f.) pleasure, blitheness, enjoyment, gladness, gratification, fun, joyousness, comfort, delight, elation, joy, rejoicing, zest, glee, mirth (poetic), gratification, joyfulness Freude am Fahren (German f.) driving pleasure Freude an der Arbeit (German f.) enjoyment of work Freude an der Tätigkeit (German f.) delight in what one is doing Freude bringen (German) to bring joy freudebringend (German) joyful Freude bringend (German) bringing joy Freude daran haben, ... zu tun (German) to take delight in doing ... Freude einer Mutter (German f.) a mother's joy Freude finden (German) to delight Freude gewähren (German) to afford pleasure Freude haben (German) to be happy Freude machen (German) to give pleasure Freude mit einem Schuss Schmerz mischen (German) to dash joy with pain Freudenbotschaft (German f.) glad tidings Freuden der Freundschaft (German pl.) comforts of friendship Freuden der Freundschaft (German pl.) pleasures of friendship Freuden der Liebe (German pl.) pleasures of love Freudenfest (s.), Freudenfeste (pl.) (German n.) whoopee, saturnalia (pl.) Freudenfeuer (s./pl.) (German n.) bonfire, balefire Freudengefühl (German n.) feeling of joy Freudengesang (German m.) hymn of rejoicing, song of gladness Freudenhaus (s.), Freudenhäuser (pl.) (German n.) house of ill repute, house of pleasure, brothel Freudenhymne (German f.) hymn of gladness Freudenjauchzer (German m.) crow of delight Freudenlieder singen (German) to carol Freudenmädchen (s./pl.) (German n.) whore, prostitute freudenreich (German) gladsome, gladsomely freudenreiche Geheimnisse (German pl.) joyful mysteries Freudenschrei (German m.) cry of joy, shout of joy, whoop of delight, shout of delight, whoop of joy Freudenspender (German m.) source of joy Freudensprung (German m.) dido, frisk, bounce, joyful leap Freudensprünge machen (German) to jump for joy Freudentag (German m.) day of rejoicing Freudentanz (German m.) dance of joy Freudentänze aufführen (German) to dance with glee Freudentaumel (German m.) paroxysm of joy Freudentränen (German pl.) tears of joy Freuden und Leiden (German) joys and sorrows Freude schenken (German) to bring joy freudestrahlend (German) radiant with joy freudetrunken sein (German) to be drunk with joy Freude über (German f.) joy at Freude verbreiten (German) to radiate joy Freude zum Ausdruck bringen (German) to show pleasure Freudian relating to or being in accordance with the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Freudianer (German m.) Freudian freudianisch (German) Freudian Freudianism the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Freudianismus (German m.) Freudianism Freudian slip a slip of the tongue in which a person means to say one thing, but accidentally substitutes another word or phrase in a suggestive or revealing manner freudig (German) jocose, merry, glad, joyful, joyfully, joyously, gladly, joyous, happy, happily, merrily freudige Bejahung (German f.) joyous affirmation freudige Erregung (German f.) exhilaration, elatedness, a thrill of joy, a thrill of pleasure freudige Erwartung (German f.) gleeful anticipation freudige Nachricht (German f.) pleasant news freudiger (German) more joyful freudiger Aufschrei (German m.) yelp of pleasure freudiger Blick (German m.) look of pleasure freudig erregt (German) elated freudiges Ereignis (German n.) happy event, blessed event (colloquial: birthday, etc.) freudiges Gemüt (German n.) cheerful disposition freudiges Herumspringen (German n.) gambol freudig überrascht (German) pleasantly surprised Freudigkeit (German f.) joyfulness, propensity Freudigkeit (German) joyousness, joyfulness freudigste (German) most joyful freudlos (German) cheerless, joyless, joylessly, mirthless, mirthlessly, bleak, dark (mirthless) freudloser (German) more cheerless freudloses Dasein (German n.) drab existence freudloses Lächeln (German n.) bleak smile freudloseste (German) most cheerless freudlose Zukunft (German f.) dark future, bleak future Freudlosigkeit (German f.) cheerlessness, joylessness, drabness (of life) Freudloskeit (German f.) joylessness Freudo-Marxism a loose designation of several twentieth-century critical theory schools of thought that sought to synthesise the philosophy and political economy of Karl Marx with the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud Freudo-Marxism from which this extract has been taken Freudomarxismus (German m.) Freudo-Marxism Freud'sch (German) Freudian freudsch (German) Freudian freudsche Fehlleistung (German f.) Freudian slip Freud'sche Fehlleistung (German f.) Freudian slip Freudsche Sichtweise (German f.) Freudian perspective Freudsche Theorie (German f.) Freudian theory Freudscher Versprecher (German m., old form) Freudian slip freudscher Versprecher (German m.) Freudian slip Freud'scher Versprecher (German m.) Freudian slip freudvoll (German) joy-filled, joyfilled, joyful, joyfully, filled with joy freuend (German) being glad Freund (m.), Freundin (f.), Freunde (pl.), Freundinnen (f.pl.) (German) friend, boy (m.), boyfriend (m.), girlfriend (f.), girl (f.), lover, acquaintance, mate (friend of the same sex), amigo (Spanish), pal, companion, lady friend (f.), woman friend (f.), lass (f.) Freund aus Kindertagen (German m.) childhood friend Freundchen (German n.) buster (colloquial), matey (colloquial: warningly), pal (colloquial: aggressive form of address) Freund der Familie (German m.) friend of the family Freunde aussuchen (German) to select friends Freunde besuchen (German) to visit friends Freunde bleiben (German) to remain friends, to stay friends Freunde {pl} der Familie (German pl.) family friends Freund eines Freundes (German m.) friend of a friend Freunderlwirtschaft (German f. - Austria, Southern Germany) jobs for the boys (colloquial), cronyism, patronage, backscratching (figurative) Freundeskreis (German m.) friends, circle of friends, connections, clique Freundes- und Bekanntenkreis (German m.) circle of friends and acquaintances Freundin eines verheirateten Mannes (German f.) the other woman freundlich (German) befriending, benign, benignly, friendly, genially, affable, suavely, nice, affably, bland, charitable, considerate, cordial, debonair, genial, neighbourly, obliging, pleasant, pleasantly, gracious, chummy (colloquial), amicable, amiable, jovially, charitably, cordially, kindly, amiably, friendlily, smiley (eyes, face), gentle (persuasion), polite -freundlich (German) -phile (suffix) freundlich bleiben (German) to keep friendly freundliche Begegnung (German f.) amicable meeting freundliche Beziehung (German f.) amicable relationship freundliche Ferienorte (German pl.) friendly holiday places freundliche Note (German f.) happy touch freundlichen Umgang mit ... pflegen (German) to mix with ... freundliche Person (German f.) amicable person freundlicher (German) friendlier, gentler, kindlier, more friendly freundlicher Blick (German m.) pleasant look freundlicher Empfang (German m.) warm reception Freundlicher Gruß (German) With regards, (at the end of a letter) freundlicher Helfer (German m.) cheerful helper freundlicher Mann (German m.) nice man freundlicher Rat (German m.) piece of friendly advice freundlicher Wettstreit (German m.) friendly strife freundlicherweise (German) kindly, very kindly freundlicherweise zur Verfügung gestellt von (German) (by) courtesy of freundliches Benehmen (German n.) charming manners, pleasant manners freundliches Gesicht (German n.) pleasant face freundliches Lächeln (German n.) friendly smile, sweet smile freundliche Stimmung (German f.) cheerful sentiment freundliches Zimmer (German n.) pleasant room freundliche Übernahme (German f.) amicable merger, friendly acquisition, friendly takeover freundliche Urlaubsorte (German pl.) charming resorts freundliche Worte (German pl.) bland words, fair words, warm words freundlich gegenüber (German) affable to freundlich gesinnt (German) well-disposed freundlich gestimmt (German) mild-mannered freundlich gestimmt sein (German) to be well disposed towards something freundlich gewesen (German) befriended freundlich handeln (German) to act in a kindly manner Freundlichkeit (s.), Freundlichkeiten (pl.) (German f.) kindness, cheerfulness, friendliness, geniality, pleasantness, gentleness, affability, benignity, neighbourliness, amicability, kindliness freundlich oder feindlich gesinnt (German) friendly or hostile freundlich sein (German) to befriend, to be friendly, to be kind freundlichste (German) friendliest, gentlest (persuasion), kindliest freundlos (German) friendless, without friends Freundlosigkeit (German f.) friendlessness freundlos sein (German) to be friendless Freund meines Bruders (German m.) friend of my brother's Freund meines Vaters (German m.) friend of my father's Freundschaft (German f.) friendship Freundschaft (s.), Freundschaften (pl.) (German f.) amity, friendship, kin Freundschaft! (German) traditional greeting of social democrats, socialists and communists Freundschaften schließen (German) to make friends Freundschaft erweisend (German) befriending freundschaftlich (German) amicable, amicably, friendly, in a friendly way freundschaftliche Basis (German f.) friendly basis, amicable basis freundschaftliche Beziehung (s.), freundschaftliche Beziehungen (pl.) (German f.) friendly contact, cordial relations (pl.), amicable relations (pl.), friendly relations (pl.) freundschaftliche Einigung (German f.) amicable settlement freundschaftliche Geste (German f.) act of friendship, friendly turn, gesture of friendship, friendly gesture freundschaftlicher Kontakt (German m.) amicable contact freundschaftlicher Rat (German m.) friendly advice freundschaftliches Einverständnis (German n.) comity freundschaftliche Trennung (German f.) amicable break-up freundschaftliche Trennung der Wege (German f.) amicable parting of the ways Freundschaftlichkeit (German f.) amity, amicableness, friendliness Freundschaftsbesuch (German m.) friendly visit Freundschaftsbuch (German n.) friendship book Freundschaft schließen (German) to become friends Freundschaftsdienst (German m.) friendly turn Freundschaftsgrad (German m.) degree of friendship Freundschaftsinseln (German pl.) Friendly Islands (Tonga) Freundschaftskuss (German m.) friendship kiss Freundschaftspakt (German m.) friendship pact Freundschaftspreis (German m.) special price for a friend Freundschaftsring (German m.) promise ring Freundschaftsspiel (s.), Freundschaftsspiele (pl.) (German n.) friendly game, friendly match, friendly, exhibition match, exhibition game Freundschaftsvertrag (German m.) treaty of friendship Freundschaft von langer Dauer (German f.) friendship of long standing Freundschaft zwischen Staaten (German f.) amity Freund oder Feind (German) friend or foe Frevel (German m.) iniquity, sacrilege, sacrileges, crime, outrage frevel (German) daring, outrageous frevelhaft (German) sinful, sacrilegious, sacrilegiously, outrageous, blasphemous, wicked, wickedly, criminal, sinful, malicious, wanton freveln (German) to commit an outrage frevelnd (German) committing an outrage Freveltat (s.), Freveltaten (pl.) (German f.) outrage, heinous crime, wicked deed freventlich (German) sacrilegious, sinful, wicked, wickedly, criminal Frevler (m.), Frevlerin (f.) (German) evildoer, wicked person, sacrilegious person, malefactor, blasphemer frevlerisch (German) outrageous, sacrilegious, sinful, blasphemously, blasphemous, wicked, wickedly, criminal frevle Tat (German f.) wicked deed Frêvo a wide range of musical styles originating from Recife, Brazil, all of which are traditionally associated with carnival Frêvo from which this extract has been taken Frêvo-de-Rua originating from Recife, Brazil, an instrumental style, played in a fiery fast tempo with brass instruments, namely trumpets, trombones, saxophones and tuba Frey (German, archaic) frei Freygish the most important of the Klezmer gust or modes, also called the 'Eight Note Spanish Scale' because of its use in Spanish music fri (Danish, Norwegian) free (also used as a suffix), complimentary Friandises petit fours or sweetmeats Friars (from Latin frater, 'brother', 'one of the same community or society') members of one of the mendicant orders who lived in regular fashion but were extensively involved with the outside community Order of St. Dominic alias the Dominicans, the Order of the Friars Preachers, or the Black Friars Order of Friars Minor or Grey Friars (more recently known as Observants or Recollects) - an autonomous branch of the Franciscan Order Order of Friars Minor Conventuals an autonomous branch of the Franciscan Order Capuchin Friars Minor an autonomous branch of the Franciscan Order Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel alias the Carmelites, or the White Friars The Hermits of Saint Augustine alias Austin Friars, or Augustinian Friars Friars of the Sack alias the Saccati (forced to disband) Pied Friars alias the Friars of Blessed Mary or St Mary de Arens, or Friars of the Penance of Jesus Christ (forced to disband) the major difference between friars and other regular monks was that friars were not bound by a votum stabilitatis (a vow of permanency to remain in one place). Instead, they were at liberty to wander from place to place teaching if given the permission of the "general" of their order. Indeed, such mobility was necessary, since the friars' primary task was, as it states in their mission statement, "to save souls." Thus, while other monks sought to follow an eremitical tradition that would remove them from worldly concerns, and isolate themselves from the general public beyond the monastery's walls, the mendicant orders deliberately reinserted themselves into the world so they could preach, teach, and beg Friars of the Sack also called the Friars of the Penance of Jesus Christ; the largest of the lesser groups of friars in England, all of their houses were abandoned by 1314 and the members obliged to join one of the major mendicant orders Friary a community of friars Friaulisch (German n.) Furlan, Friulian Friaul-Julisch-Venetien (German n.) Friuli-Venezia Giulia Fricandeau (French) stewed veal served with a savoury sauce Fricassée in cooking, a dish consisting of small pieces of flesh cut up, fried or stewed, and served in a white sauce (French f.) in the sixteenth century, a quodlibet that includes chanson, folk tunes, popular song and street cries Fricative also called spirant, in linguistics, any sound made by tightening but not completely closing the air passage, example of which are /s/ and /f/ Friction board a percussion instrument in which sound can be produced by friction between a board-shaped instrument and, for example, the player's hand Springboard Friction drum a percussion instrument consisting of a single membrane stretched over a sound box, whose sound is produced by the player causing the membrane to vibrate by friction. The sound box may be a pot or jug or some open-ended hollow object. To produce the friction, the membrane may be directly rubbed with the fingers or through the use of a cloth, or a stick or cord which is attached to the centre of the membrane and then rubbed or moved with a hand, sponge or cloth, generally wet. The membrane may be depressed with the thumb while playing to vary the pitch. When a cord is used the instrument may be referred to as a "string drum" or "lion's roar" Friction drum from which this extract has been taken Frieda (German f.) Freda Friede (German m.) peace, quietude, pax Friede auf Erden (German m.) peace on earth Friede, Freude, Eierkuchen (German) love, peace and harmony Frieden (German m.) peace Frieden aushandeln (German) to negotiate peace Frieden erklären (German) to declare peace Frieden finden (German) to win peace Frieden halten (German) to keep peace Friedensabkommen (German n.) peace accord, peace agreement Friedensaktivist (m.), Friedensaktivistin (f.) (German) peace activist Friedensangebot (German n.) proposal of peace, peace offer, offer of the olive branch (figurative), olive branch (figurative), peace offering Friedensappell (German m.) appeal for peace Friedensbedingungen (German pl.) peace conditions Friedensbedrohung (German f.) threat to peace Friedensbemühungen (German pl.) peace efforts, peace effort Friedensbereitschaft (German f.) readiness for peace Friedensbewegung (German f.) peace movement Friedensbote (German m.) messenger of peace Friedensbruch (s.), Friedensbrüche (pl.) (German m.) breach of the peace, affray, breach of peace Frieden schließen (German) to make peace, to conclude peace Frieden stiften (German) to bring about peace Frieden wiederherstellen (German) to establish peace, to restore peace Friedensdemonstration (German f.) peace demonstration Friedenseinsatz (German m.) peacekeeping operation friedenserhaltende Maßnahmen (German pl.) peacekeeping activities, peacekeeping measures Friedenserhaltung (German f.) peacekeeping Friedensfahrplan (German m.) road map to peace, road map for peace Friedensforschung (German f.) peace studies, irenology Friedensfrist (German f.) cooling-off period (in an industrial dispute) Friedensgesellschaft (German f.) peace society Friedensgespräche (German pl.) peace talks Friedensgipfel (German m.) peace summit Friedensinitiative (German f.) peace initiative Friedenskampagne (German f.) peace campaign Friedenskonferenz (German f.) peace conference Friedenskorps (German n.) Peace Corps (US organisation) Friedenskundgebung (German f.) peace rally Friedenskuss (German m.) kiss of peace Friedensmärsche (German pl.) peace marches Friedensmission (s.), Friedensmissionen (pl.) (German f.) peace mission Friedensnobelpreis (German m.) Nobel Peace Prize Friedensnobelpreisträger (m.), Friedensnobelpreisträgerin (f.) (German) Nobel Peace Prize winner, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Nobel peace laureate Friedensoffensive (German f.) peace offensive Friedensordnung (German f.) blueprint for lasting peace Friedenspfeife (German f.) calumet, peace pipe Friedenspflicht (German f.) peace obligation Friedensplan (German m.) road map for peace Friedenspolitik (German f.) policy of peace Friedenspreis (German m.) peace award Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels (German m.) Peace Prize of the German Book Trade Friedensprozess (German m.) peace process Friedensregelung (German f.) peace settlement Friedensrichter (m), Friedensrichterin (f.), Friedensrichter (pl.) (German) justice of the peace, magistrate Friedensschluss (German m.) peace settlement, peace agreement Friedenssicherung (German f.) peacekeeping Friedenssicherungskräfte (German pl.) peacekeeping force Friedenssicherungstruppe (German f.) peacekeeping force friedensstiftend (German) peacemaking Friedensstifter (m.), Friedensstifterin (f.) (German) pacifier, peacemaker, peace maker Friedensstörer (German m.) peace-breaker, disturber of the peace Friedenssymbol (German n.) peace symbol Friedenstaube (German f.) peace dove, dove of peace Friedenstruppe (s.), Friedenstruppen (pl.) (German f.) peacekeeping force, peacekeepers (UN) Friedensverhandlung (s.), Friedensverhandlungen (pl.) (German f.) peace negotiation, peace talks (pl.) Friedensverhandlungen führen (German) to negotiate about peace Friedensvermittler (German m.) peace broker Friedensvertrag (s.), Friedensverträge (pl.) (German m.) peace treaty Friedensvorschlag (German m.) peace proposal Friedenswächter (m.), Friedenswächterin (f.), Friedenswächter (pl.) (German) peacekeeper Friedenswahrung (German f.) peacekeeping Friedenswille (German m.) desire for peace Friedenswirtschaft (German f.) peacetime economy Friedenszeichen (German n.) peace sign Friedenszeit (s.), Friedenszeiten (pl.) (German f.) peacetime, time of peace Friede sei mit euch! (German) Peace be with you! Friede von ... (German m.) Treaty of ... friedfertig (German) pacific, peaceably, inoffensive, peaceable, dovish (figurative), placid friedfertige Person (German f.) placid person, inoffensive person friedfertiger (German) more peaceable Friedfertigkeit (German f.) peaceableness, placidity friedfertigste (German) most peaceable Friedhof (s.), Friedhöfe (pl.) (German m.) cemetery, graveyard, burial ground, church yard, churchyard Friedhofkerze (German f.) corpse candle Friedhofsatmosphäre (German f.) gloomy atmosphere Friedhofsbesuch (German m.) visit to the cemetery Friedhofsgelände (German n.) cemetery grounds Friedhofshalle (German f.) cemetery hall Friedhofskapelle (German f.) cemetery chapel Friedhoftor (German n.) cemetery gate friedlich (German) peaceful, pacific, peaceable, peaceably, peacefully, placid, pacifically, placidly, amicable, quietly, tranquil, dovish, orderly, halcyon, tame (harmless) friedliche Demonstration (German f.) orderly demonstration friedliche Gesellschaft (German f.) settled society friedliche Gesinnung (German f.) peaceable disposition friedliche Koexistenz (German f.) peaceful coexistence friedliche Menge (German f.) orderly crowd friedlicher Bürger (German m.) peaceable citizen, orderly citizen friedlicher Protest (German m.) peaceful protest Friedliches (German n.) placidness friedliche Welt (German f.) world at peace friedliche Zeiten (German pl.) peaceful times Friedlichkeit (German f.) peacefulness friedlichste (German) tamest friedliebend (German) pacific, peace-loving, peaceable friedlos (German) peaceless friedloser (German) more peaceless friedloseste (German) most peaceless Friedlosigkeit (German f.) peacelessness Friedrich (German m.) Frederic, Frederick Friedrich I. (German) Frederick I Friedrich II. der Eiserne Friedrich II. der Eisenzahn (1413-1471) (German) Frederick II the Iron or Irontooth (Prince-Elector of Brandenburg) Friedrich der Große (1712-1786) (German) Frederick the Great (king of Prussia, 1740-1786) Friedrich der Schöne (c.1289-1330) (German m.) Frederick the Fair (Frederick III of Austria) Friedrich Wilhelm (German) the German equivalent of 'John Hancock' (colloquial: signature) Friedrich Wilhelm I. von Brandenburg (1620-1688) (German) Frederick William (Elector of Brandenburg, 1640-1688) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (German f.) University of Erlangen Nuremberg friedvoll (German) peaceful, halcyon, peacefully Friedwald (German m.) a forest that serves as natural cemetery friemeln (German) to tinker Friend (English, German m.) a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts a person whom one knows, an acquaintance a person with whom one is allied in a struggle or cause Friendship books also known as "FBs", small booklets made by stapling paper together, or are sometimes just sheets or strips of paper. They are usually decorated and the person who starts the book writes their name and address as the first person sending the book. People often include a list of interests as well. The FB is then passed around from penpal to penpal, and can often also become a way for one to meet new penpals. Most people hope to see the book again once it is full so they add their return address to the back cover of the book too, or inscribe "Return to Sender" on it. People also sometimes make FBs for someone else rather than themselves, in which case they write the name and address of the recipient on the front or at the top Friendship books from which this extract has been taken frieren (German) to be cold, to freeze, to feel cold friert neu ein (German) refreezes Fries (German m.) frieze, moulding, cornice (moulding) Friese (German m.) Friesian horse, Frisian horse Friese (m.), Friesin (f.), Friesen (pl.), Friesinnen (f.pl.) (German) Frisian, Friesian Frieze a plain or decorated horizontal part of an entablature between the architrave and cornice (that is, above doorways and windows or below the cornice) Frisia an ancient region of northwestern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt and Weser rivers and including the Frisian Islands Friesisch (German n.) Friesian, Frisian friesisch (German) Frisian, Friesian Friesland (German n.) Frisia, a region of northern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt and Weser rivers (English, German n.) one of the northernmost provinces of the Netherlands Frigid sexually unresponsive frigid (German) frigidly, sexless, frigid Frigidarium (English, German n., Latin) the cold room in a Roman bath frigide (German) cold, frigid, sexless Frigidität (German f.) frigidity frigio (Italian) Phrygian frigio (m.), frigia (f.) (Spanish) Phrygian frígio (Portuguese) Phrygian Frikadelle (s.), Frikadellen (pl.) (German f.) hamburger, rissole, burger, meatball Frikadelle aus Innereien (German f.) faggot (meat ball) Frikassee (German n.) fricassee frikassieren (German) to fricassee frikassierend (German) fricasseeing frikassiert (German) fricasseed frikassierte (German) fricasseed Frikativ (German m.) fricative Frikativlaut (German m.) fricative Friktion (German f.) friction Friktionstrumma (Swedish) also Rummelpott or Rommelpott, friction drum [corrected by Lars Hellvig] Frippertronics a term coined by Joanna Walton, guitarist Robert Fripp's poet girlfriend in the late 1970s, an analog delay system consisting of two reel-to-reel tape recorders situated side-by-side. The two machines are configured so that the tape travels from the supply reel of the first machine to the take-up reel of the second, thereby allowing sound recorded by the first machine to be played back some time later on the second. The audio of the second machine is routed back to the first, causing the delayed signal to repeat while new audio is mixed in with it. The amount of delay (usually 8 to 10 seconds) is controlled by increasing or decreasing the distance between the machines Frippertronics from which this extract has been taken Fris see Csárdás Frisbee (English, German m.) flying disc Friscalettu a Sicilian traditional cane flute frisch (German) brisk, lively, vigorous, brioso, fresh, recent, dewy, freshly, cool, alive, boldly, briskly, newly, crisp (air), crisply, nippy (colloquial: cold), new (bread, vegetables, etc.), newly laid (eggs) frisch aus dem Garten (German) garden-fresh frisch aus der Produktion kommen (German) to come fresh off the production line frisch aus der Rösterei (German) freshly roasted frisch ausgeflogen (German) newly fledged Frischbeton (German m.) fresh concrete, wet concrete, ready-mixed concrete Frische (German f.) freshness, newness, briskness, crispness, dew frische Brise (German f.) refreshing breeze, fresh breeze (5 on the Beaufort scale) frische Eier (German pl.) new-laid eggs frische Farbe (German f.) wet paint frische Farben (German pl.) lively colours frische Luft (German f.) fresh air frische Luft hereinlassen (German) to admit fresh air frische Luft holen (German) to get a sniff frische Spuren (German pl.) recent traces frische Triebe der Konjunktur (German pl.) green sprouts of recovery Frischei (German n.) newly laid egg frischen Wind in ... bringen (German) to breathe new life into ... frischer (German) dewier, fresher, newer (bread, vegetables, etc.) frischer Bruch (German m.) fresh cleavage frischer Orangensaft (German m.) orange squash frischer werden (German) to freshen frischer Wind (German m.) brisk wind frischer Zitronensaft (German m.) lemon squash frisches Blut (German n.) new blood frisches Brot (German n.) new bread frisches Grün (German n.) verdancy Frisches Haff (German n.) Vistula Lagoon frischeste (German) freshest Frischfisch (German m.) fresh fish Frischfleisch (German n.) fresh meat frisch-fröhliche Art (German f.) breeziness Frischfutter (German n.) fresh food frischgebacken (German) fledgling, newly minted (figurative), freshly baked frisch gebacken (German) freshly baked, newly minted (figurative), freshly graduated frischgebackene Ehefrau (German f.) newly married wife frischgebackener Ehemann (German m.) benedick, newlywed husband frischgebackener Rechtsanwalt (German m.) fledgling lawyer frischgebackenes Ehepaar (German n.) newly-weds Frisch gedruckt. (German) Hot off the press. frisch geduscht (German) freshly showered frisch gefallener Schnee (German m.) newly fallen snow frisch gelegt (German) newly laid frisch gelegtes Ei (German n.) new-laid egg frisch gemahlen (German) freshly ground frisch gemörsert (German) freshly ground Frischgemüse (German n.) fresh vegetables frischgepflückt (German) freshly picked frisch gepresst (German) fresh-squeezed frisch gepresster Orangensaft (German m.) freshly squeezed orange juice frisch geschieden (German) just divorced frisch geschlüpft (German) newly hatched frisch gestärkte Bluse (German f.) newly starched blouse frisch gestrichen (German) newly painted Frisch gestrichen! (German) Wet paint! Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen. (German) Well begun is half done. A good start is half the battle. Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen! (German) Let's get on with it! frisch gezapftes Bier (German m.) freshly tapped beer, freshly drawn beer Frischhaltebeutel (German m.) airtight bag Frischhaltebox (German f.) food storage box Frischhaltefolie (German f.) cling film, clingfilm, cling wrap Frischhefe (German f.) fresh yeast Frischka a Slavonic form of the Magyar Fris or Friss, the quicker part of a Csárdás Frischkäse (German m.) cream cheese, fromage frais, curd cheese Frischkäsemesser (German n.) cream cheese knife Frischkompost (German m.) fresh compost Frischkost (German f.) fresh food Frischling (German m.) rookie, newbie (public school slang), (boar) piglet Frischluft (German f.) fresh air Frischluftanlage (German f.) air supply system Frischluftdüse (German f.) fresh air nozzle Frischlufteinrichtung (German f.) fresh-air device Frischlüfter (German m.) forced draft fan Frischluftfanatiker (m.), Frischluftfanatikerin (f.) (German) fresh air fiend, fresh air fanatic Frischluftfanatiker sein (German) to be a fanatic for fresh air Frischluftstrom (German m.) flow of fresh air Frischluftsystem (German m.) air supply system Frischluftversorgung (German f.) supply of fresh air Frischluftzufuhr (German f.) fresh air supply Frischmilch (German f.) fresh milk Frischobst (German n.) fresh fruit Frischöfen (German pl.) fineries Frischöl (German n.) clean oil frisch rasiert (German) clean-shaven frischste (German) dewiest frischt auf (German) refreshes frisch und munter (German) canty (lively and brisk) frisch und munter sein (German) to be (as) fresh as a daisy frisch verheiratet (German) newlywed, newly married, just married, just hitched (colloquial) frisch verliebt (in) (German) newly enamoured (of) frisch verlobt (German) newly engaged, just engaged frisch vermählt (German) newlywed, just married Frischvermählter (m.), Frischvermählte (f.), Frischvermählte (pl.) (German) newlywed frisch von der Druckerpresse (German) fresh from the press frisch von der Leber weg sprechen (German) to speak up frisch von der Schule sein (German) to be hot from school Frischwaren (German pl.) fresh produce Frischwasser (German n.) fresh water Frischwassertank (German m.) fresh water tank Frischwasserversorgung (German f.) supply of fresh water Friseur (m.), Friseurin (f.), Friseure (pl.), Friseurinnen (f.pl.) (German) hair dresser, coiffeur, hairdresser, hairstylist, hair salon, barber (for men) Friseurbedarf (German m.) hairdressing equipment Friseurgewerbe (German n.) barbering Friseurhocker (German m.) hairdresser stool, hairdresser's stool Friseurladen (s./pl.) (German m.) barber shop, barber's, barber's shop, hairdresser's, barbershop Friseursalon (German m.) hairdresser's, hair salon, beauty salon (for women), barber shop (for men) Friseurschere (German f.) barber's clippers Friseurschild (German n.) barber's sign Friseurstuhl (German m.) hairdresser chair, hairdresser's chair Friseuse (s.), Friseusen (pl.) (German f.) woman hairdresser, hairdresser Frisieren (German n.) hairdressing, manipulation frisieren (German) to dress the hair, to coif, to coiffure, to tweak, to tune, to fudge, to soup up (colloquial: car) frisierend (German) fudging Frisierkommode (German f.) dressing-table, dressing table Frisiermantel (German m.) peignoir Frisiersalon (German m.) hairdressing salon, hairdresser's Frisierspiegel (German m.) vanity mirror Frisierstab (German m.) styling brush, curling tongs Frisierstuhl (German m.) barber chair, hairdressing chair frisiert (German) fudges, coiffured, coiffed, souped-up (colloquial: engine, motor-vehicle), doctored (colloquial: figures, etc.) frisierte (German) fudged frisierte Bücher (German pl.) cooked books frisierte Konten (German pl.) cooked accounts frisiertes Auto (German n.) hot rod (slang: souped up car) Frisiertisch (German m.) dressing table, vanity table Frisiertoilette (German f.) toilette (archaic: from cloth on which items used for grooming are placed, the acting of grooming), vanity (table), dressing table Frisierumhang (German m.) hairdressing cape Frisistik (German f.) Frisian studies Frisör (m.), Frisörin (f.), Frisöre (pl.) (German) barber, hair-dresser, coiffeur, hairdresser Frisörladen (s.), Frisörläden (pl.) (German m.) barbershop Frisörsalon (German m.) hairdressing salon Frisöse (s.), Frisösen (pl.) (German f.) woman hairdresser Friss see Csárdás Friss! (German) Eat! Friss oder stirb! (German) It's Hobson's choice. Frisson (French) a shiver, a shudder, a thrill frisst (German) gormandises, guzzles, rankles Friss, Vogel, oder stirb! (German) It's a case of sink or swim. Frist (s.), Fristen (pl.) (German f.) period of time, reprieve, respite, time limit, period, term, time, appropriate time-limit, deadline, grace period Fristablauf (German m.) deadline, expiry of the term Fristablauftermin (German m.) deadline Fristarbeiten (German pl.) fixed-period maintenance Fristbeginn (German m.) commencement of the term, commencement of a term Frist bis zur Fälligkeit der Zahlung (German f.) term of payment fristenlos (German) without respite Fristen setzen (German) to set deadlines Fristenüberschreitung (German f.) failure to meet a deadline Fristenverlängerung (German f.) extension of a period Frist für die Rückzahlung (German f.) term of repayment Frist für eine Rückantwort (German f.) time for a reply Frist für Reklamationen (German f.) time for complaints fristgemäß (German) at the agreed date, within the prescribed time period, in time, within the time stipulated fristgemäße Kündigung (German f.) dismissal with notice fristgerecht (German) at the due date, on-time, on time, in due time (within a deadline) fristgerechte Kündigung (German f.) termination with notice, due and proper notice fristlos (German) without notice, without previous notice fristlos entlassen werden (German) to be dismissed summarily fristlose Entlassung (German f.) dismissal without prior notice fristlose Kündigung (German f.) summary dismissal, instant dismissal, termination without notice, termination with immediate effect Fristsetzung (German f.) setting a deadline Fristverlängerung (German f.) deadline extension, extension of time limit Fristversäumnis (German f.) default Frist verstreichen lassen (German) to allow a right to lapse Frist von einem Monat (German f.) period of one month Frisur (German f.) hair style, hairdo, hairstyle, headdress, coiffure (formal) Frisur im Afro-Look (German f.) Afro hairdo Frisurdebakeltag (German m.) bad hair day frisurzerstörend (German) hair-mussing Fritatten (German pl.) sliced pancakes Friteuse (German f., old form) deep fat fryer, chip pan, deep fryer fritieren (German, old form) to deep-fry, to French-fry Fritieröl (German n.) frying oil fritierte Zwiebelringe (German pl.) fried onion rings Frittata (German f.) frittata (type of Italian omelette) Frittatensuppe (German f. - Austria) soup with strips of pancake, pancake soup Fritten (German pl.) French fries, chips Fritteporzellan (German n.) soft paste china Fritter (German m.) coherer Fritteuse (German f.) chip pan, deep fat fryer frittieren (German) to deep-fry Frittierfett (German n.) deep-frying fat Frittiergerät (German n.) deep fat fryer Frittiergut (German n.) deep-fried food Frittierkorb (German m.) chip basket Frittieröl (German n.) deep-frying oil frittiert (German) deep-fried Frittiertes (German n.) fritter frittiertes Gemüse (German n.) vegetable fritter frittierte und gewürzte Kartoffelecken mit saurer Sahne (German) potato wedges with sour cream Fritto misto (Italian m.) a mixed dish of fried sea-food Frittung (German f.) vitrification Frittüre (German f.) hot frying oil, hot fat (deep-frying) Friture in cooking, a deep fryer Friulanisch (German n.) Friulian Friulian or Furlan, a Romance language belonging to the Rhaetian family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulian has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian. It is sometimes called Eastern Ladin, since it shares the same roots as Ladin, although over the centuries it has diverged under the influence of surrounding languages, including German, Italian, Venetian, and Slovene. Documents in Friulian are attested from the 11th century, and poetry and literature dating as far back as 1300. By the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in the language, which has continued to this day Friulian from which this extract has been taken frivol (German) flippant, frivolous, flippantly, frivolously Frivolität (s.), Frivolitäten (pl.) (German f.) flippancy, frivolity Frivolitätenspitze (German f.) tatting frivolo (Italian) frivolous, trifling, trashy Frog also called the 'nut', part of the violin bow to which the hair is attached and which slides along the bow stick as the screw at the end of the bow is turned, either to slacken or tighten the bow hair, tallone (Italian m.), talone (French m.), Frosch (German m.), talón (Spanish m.) Parts of the Violin Bow (in woodworking) a sliding iron wedge that holds the plane iron at the proper angle in a plane Frogging braided fastenings usually looped over a button or braided toggles in the same fabric; often used in military uniform and traditionally Asian garments froh (German) blithe, cheerily, cheery, glad, gladly, lucky, bright, merry, cheerful, joyous, joyful, mirthful (poetic) frohe Botschaft (German f.) good news (Gospel) Frohe Feiertage! (German) Happy holidays! Frohe Festtage (German pl.) Happy Holidays frohe Laune (German f.) natural buoyancy frohen Mutes sein (German) to be in good spirits frohen Sinnes (German) cheerfully Frohe Ostern! (German) Happy Easter! froher (German) cheerier, gladder Frohes Chanukah! (German) Happy Hanukkah! Frohes Chanukka! (German) Happy Chanukka! frohes Ereignis (German n.) happy event Frohes Fest (German n.) Happy Holidays frohes Gemüt (German n.) cheerful disposition frohes Gesicht (German n.) bright face frohes Herz (German n.) cheerful heart Frohes Neues! (German) Happy New Year! froheste (German) gladdest, cheeriest frohe Stimmung (German f.) cheerful mood Frohe Weihnacht! (German) Merry Christmas! Happy Christmas! Frohe Weihnachten! (German) Merry Christmas! Happy Christmas! frohgemut (German) debonair, with a cheerful heart fröhlich (German) blithesome, gladsome (literary), gleeful, happily, joyous, lighthearted, liltingly, merrily, merry, mirthful (poetic), mirthfully, cheerful, bright, rackety, festive, cheerfully, blithely, gladsomely, gleefully, lightheartedly, blithe, blitheful, gaily, jolly, breezy, sportive, eupeptic (figurative), hilarious, happy, jovial, jaunty, gay (dated: light-hearted), jauntily, jovially, jocund, cheerily, cheery, glad (marked by joy), light-hearted, convivial, upbeat (colloquial), lusty (archaic), brisk, briskly, lively, allegramente (Italian), flott (German), allégrement (French), allègrement (French) fröhlich dreinschauend (German) cheerful looking fröhliche Disposition (German f.) cheerful disposition fröhlicher (German) gladder, more cheerful fröhlicher Anblick (German m.) cheerful sight fröhlicher Ausdruck (German m.) cheerful expression fröhlicher Bursche (German m.) cheerful fellow fröhlicher Charakter (German m.) cheerful character fröhlicher Geistlicher (German m.) happy clappy (colloquial) fröhlicher Junge (German m.) winsome boy fröhliches Gesicht (German n.) cheerful face fröhliches Lied (s.), fröhliche Lieder (pl.) (German n.) carol, cheerful song fröhliche Stimmung (German f.) cheerful atmosphere, merry mood Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein glückliches neues Jahr! (German) Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Fröhliche Weihnachten! (German) Happy Christmas! Merry Christmas! fröhliche Wesensart (German f.) cheerful disposition fröhlich feiern (German) to make merry fröhlich hereinschneien (German) to breeze in (figurative) Fröhlichkeit (s.), Fröhlichkeiten (pl.) (German f.) joyfulness, gaiety, joyousness, blithesomeness, cheerfulness, conviviality, festiveness, gladness, glee, gleefulness, happiness, jolliness, lightheartedness, merriment, mirth, jollity, festivity, merriness, hilarity, joviality, jauntiness fröhlich sein (German) to be gay (happy), to be merry, to be all smiles fröhlichste (German) most cheerful, gladdest Frohlocken (German n.) glee (happiness) frohlocken (German) to exult, to rejoice frohlockend (German) exultant, crowing, exulting, rejoicing, rejoicingly, jubilant frohlockt (German) rejoices, rejoiced frohlockte (German) rejoiced Frohmut (German m.) buoyancy Frohnatur (German f.) cheerful person, cheerful soul, optimist, cheerful nature, happy nature, blithe spirit froh sein (German) to be delighted, to be glad, to be happy Frohsinn (German m.) cheerfulness, exhilaration, mirth, glee, gaiety frohsinnig (German) cheerful froh über (German) glad of, glad at, glad about Froid (French m.) cold froid (French) cold froidement (French) coldly froissé (m.), froissée (f.) (French) vexed, offended, ruffled, hurt (emotionally) frôlant (French) striped frôlé (French) striped from da (Italian), von (German), depuis (French) Fromage (French m.) cheese Fromage blanc (French m.) a fat free, fresh cheese made from skimmed milk Fromager (m.), Fromagère (f.) (French) cheese maker, cheesemonger fromager (m.), fromagère (f.) (French) cheese Froment (French m.) wheat from here da qui (Italian), vin hier ab (German), depuis ici (French) fromm (German) godly, pious, piously, calm, religious, quiet, devout, divine, devoutly, devotional, meek, docile fromme Handlung (German f.) piety (act) fromme Hoffnung (German f.) pious hope Frömmelei (s.), Frömmeleien (pl.) (German f.) religiosity, sanctimony, churchyness (mostly pejorative) frömmeln (German) to cant (dated) frömmelnd (German) pietistic, sanctimonious fromme Meinung (German f.) pious opinion frömmer (German) godlier, more pious frommer Betrug (German m.) pious fraud frommer Grund (German m.) pious foundation frommer Jude (German m.) observant Jew frommer Wunsch (German m.) pious hope Frömmigkeit (German f.) devoutness, piety, religiousness, saintliness, godliness, Christianity Frömmigkeitsübung (German f.) devotional exercise Frömmler (s./pl.) (German m.) bigot, sanctimonious hypocrite (pejorative) Frömmlertum (German n.) religiosity fromm machen (German) to religionise frommste (German) godliest, most pious frömmste (German) godliest fromm werden (German) to get religion from the beginning desde el principio (Spanish), da capo (Italian), vom Anfang (an) (German), du début (French) from the beginning to the end da capo al fine (Italian), wieder vom Anfang an bis zum Schluss (German), du début à la fine (French) from the beginning to the sign da capo al segno (Italian), wieder vom Anfang an bis zum Zeichen (German), du début au signe (French) from the sign dal segno (Italian), vom Zeichen (German), du signe (French) from the sign to the end dal segno al fine (Italian), vom Zeichen bis zum Schluss (German), du signe à la fine (French) from the top in jazz, play the tune from the beginning