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A (English, French m.) first letter of the Latin alphabet A after Vladimír Altner, the cataloguer of music by Frantisek Xaver Dusek (1731-1799) also AV or MvA, after Erich H. Müller von Asow (1892-1964), the cataloguer of music by Richard Strauss (1864-1949) after Gerhard Allroggen, the cataloguer of music by Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffman (1776-1822) A abbreviation of 'ampere' (English, French: unit of electrical current), 'alto' (contralto voice), Alt (German m.: contralto voice) or altus (Latin), for example, in Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass, the four voices in a choir, abbreviation of 'antiphon', 'advanced' (as in A level) A the highest category of marks in an examination, etc. A the first section, i.e. the A section, of a piece of music in binary form, ternary form, etc. A an ISO system of finished printing trimmed paper sizes A0 841 x 1189 mm (33.11 x 46.61 inches) A1 594 x 841 mm (23.39 x 33.11 inches) A2 420 x 594 mm (16.53 x 23.39 inches) A3 297 x 420 mm (11.69 x 16.53 inches) A4 210 x 297 mm (8.27 x 11.69 inches) A5 148 x 210 mm A6 105 x 148 mm A7 74 x 105 mm A8 52 x 74 mm A9 37 x 52 mm A10 26 x 37 mm A, a (English, German n.) the name of the scale note, the sixth in the scale of C major (the submediant), commonly used to set the pitch of a musical instrument or of an orchestra (concert A which is a', A4 or la3 having a frequency of 440 Hz, where Hz is the unit of frequency equivalent to one cycle per second) and which in 'fixed do' solfeggio is called la or lah A (musical note) A   in music theory, A stands for the A-major triad a   in music theory, a stands for the a-minor triad a in right-hand guitar notation, a lower case 'a' indicates the use of the ring finger or anular (Spanish) a abbreviation of 'alto' (instrument) a (Italian) at, by, for, in, to, with, in the manner of when used in the title of a piece of music, a followed by a number indicates the number of parts (voices) in the piece, as for example Magnificat a 5 would be a Magnificat with five distinct vocal or instrument parts [entry provided by Ed Batutis] a (Spanish) in, at (for example a 5 km: 5 km away), to (direction), towards, at (for example, a las 2: at 2 o'clock; a los 25 años (edad): at the age of 25), to, until, on (for example, a 28 de febrero: on the 28th of February), later, by, for (price), about to à (French) by, for, in, to, at, with, in the manner of, in the style of when used in the title of a piece of music, à followed by a number indicates the number of parts (voices) in the piece, as for example Magnificat à 5 would be a Magnificat with five distinct vocal or instrument parts [entry provided by Ed Batutis] a. abbreviation of ante (Latin: before), abendfüllend (German: concert length (work)) a- (prefix: also an- before a vowel) not, without (for example, amoral) A1 originally a reference to the Lloyd's Register of Shipping classification indicating that the hull of a ship is in 'excellent condition' but nowdays used more generally about the condition of any object a 2 abbreviation of a due (Italian: for two, a reference to two instruments or two voices) à 2 abbreviation of à deux (French: for two, a reference to two instruments or two voices) a.a. in typography, abbreviation of 'author's alteration' AA in typography, abbreviation of 'author's alteration' abbreviation of 'Associate of the Arts', 'Alcoholics Anonymous' (ex-alcoholics support group), Alcohólicos Anónimos (Spanish: Asociación de Alcohólicos Anónimos), acuerdo ampliado (Spanish: extended arrangement - equivalent English abbreviation is EA) AABA symbolising a variant of ABA, also called 'song form', where the first section, A, is played twice before the middle section B, and a third time to conclude the piece AAC acronym for the 'American Artists' Congress'. In the early 1930s, the Popular Front and the American Communist Party issued a call for intellectuals, artists, and writers to form local groups to fight the spread of Fascism. In 1936, in response to this call, the American Artists' Congress was founded by a group of New York artists, including Adolph Dehn, Louis Lozowick, Moses Soyer and Harry Sternberg Aachen Cathedral frequently referred to as the "Imperial Cathedral" (in German: Kaiserdom), a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany. The church is the oldest cathedral in northern Europe and was known as the "Royal Church of St. Mary at Aachen" during the Middle Ages. For 600 years, from 936 to 1531, the Aachen chapel was the church of coronation for 30 German kings and 12 queens Aachen Cathedral from which this extract has been taken Aak (Korea) Confucian temple music Aak (Confucian temple music) Aak aalglatt (German) slippery, slick, greasy (figurative), suave (pejorative), suavely (pejorative), silky (figurative) aalglatt Art (German f.) slipperiness (figurative) aalglattes Wesen (German n.) oiliness (figurative - of a person) a alguna hora inaudita (Spanish) at some unearthly hour a alguna parte (Spanish) somewhere a algún lado (Spanish) anywhere a algún lugar (Spanish) someplace, somewhere a algún sitio (Spanish) somewhere, someplace, toward someplace a altas horas (Spanish) very late a altas horas de la noche (Spanish) very late at night, in the dead of night, late at night, at dead of night a alta velocidad (Spanish) at high speed a altura de pecho (Spanish) chest high a ambos extremos (Spanish) at both ends a ambos extremos de (Spanish) at both ends of a ambos lados (Spanish) on both sides a ambos lados de (Spanish) on both sides of A & R acronym for 'artist and repertoire', the record label department in charge of finding, developing, and signing new bands or artists Aanhangsel (Dutch) (of a book) appendix, appendice (French m., Italian f.), Anhang (German m.), apéndice (Spanish m.) aan het einde (Dutch) at the end aanhouden (Dutch) to sustain doorklinken (meaning to sustain) is used for the passive 'sounding on' or 'reverberation' of percussion or a piano with the sustaining pedal depressed, while aanhouden (also meaning to sustain) is used for the active continuation of a note on strings or wind, where the player continues to generate the tone [clarification by Peter Nilsson] Ääni (Finnish) tone, note (Finnish) voice, as in a polyphonic composition Ääni ääntä vastaan (Finnish) counterpoint Ääniala (Finnish) ambit, ambitus Aanslag (Dutch m.) attack (battery, assault), attempt, touch (one of the senses), appraisal, assessment (judgement), scale (fish), scum, tarnish, stain Aantekening (Dutch) note (in a book) Aanvulling (Dutch) supplement Aanzet (Dutch) attack Aanzetstuk (van instrumente) (Dutch) extension a aquel lugar (Spanish) to that place, thither a aquel sitio (Spanish) to that place, thither Aaron (English, German m.) brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites (Exodus 4:14) Aarón (Spanish m.) Aaron Aaronic of or pertaining to Aaron aarónico (m.), aarónica (f.) (Spanish) aaronic Aaronita (Spanish) descendant of Aaron aaronita (Spanish) aaronic Aaroubi an evolved form of al-andalous, classical music that comes from Algiers Aarvak (Old Norse) in Scandinavian mythology, the horse that pulled the chariot of the Sun, driven by the maiden Sol Aarvak aarzelen (Dutch) to hesitate AAS abbreviation of 'Associates in Arts and Sciences' aasig (German) horrible, disgusting (smell), mean, malicious aasig kalt (German) damned cold (colloquial) AAVE abbreviation of 'African American Vernacular English' Aaya North-American vessel rattle Vessel Rattle (aaya), probably Hopi people, Arizona, United States, about 1900 ab (German) from, off, away, departs as of, as from used in German organ music to disengage a stop previously on, or as in Sordinen ab (German: 'mutes off') see 'cancel' (Latin) from, for example ab ovo (Latin: from the egg) ab. abbreviation of 'abridgement' ab- (prefix) off, away, from AB a musical form that has two sections, A followed by B, also called 'binary form' ABA symbolising ternary form in which the first section A precedes and follows a second section B, a form so common in classical song that is is also called 'song form' Aba (Spanish f.) patriarch aba (Spanish) watch out Ababa (Spanish f.) poppy Ababol (Spanish m.) poppy, corn-flower (flower), simple-minded person, foolish person a babor (Spanish m.) on the port side, larboard ab absurdo (Latin, 'from the absurd') establishing the validity of one's argument by pointing out the absurdity of your opponent's position ABACA also called 'rondo' form, with three sections A, B and C Abacá (Spanish m.) Manila hemp (from which a fibre, used in making textiles, is extracted) Abacachí (Spanish m.) pineapple Abacaxí (Spanish m.) pineapple Abacería (Spanish f.) grocery store, grocery, grocer's, grocer's shop Abacero (m.), Abacera (f.) (Spanish) grocer abacial (Spanish) abbatial Abaco (Italian m.) abacus, calculating frame, counting frame, numerator, Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.), ábaco (Spanish m.) Ábaco (Spanish m.) abacus, calculating frame, counting frame, numerator, abaco (Italian m.), Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.) (in architecture) uppermost slab of a capital, uppermost slab of a column Abacora (Spanish f.) tuna fish, albacore abacorado (m.), abacorada (f.) (Spanish) frightened, chickened-out abacorar (Spanish) to harass, to press closely abacterial (Spanish) not bacterial, abacterial, not caused by bacteria abacteriano (m.), abacteriana (f.) (Spanish) abacterial Abactio (Spanish m.) induced abortion Abactor (m.), Abactora (f.) (Spanish) cattle thief, horse thief, rustler; Abacuá or abakuá or abakwa, the musical styles of the Abacuá people and folkloric ensembles greatly influencing Cuban secular forms such as rumba Abakua Abacus (Greek, a reference to abax, a board covered in sand on which calculations can be traced) abaco (Italian m.), Rechenbrett (German n.), Rechenmaschine (German f.), Abakus (German m.), abaque (French m.), boulier (compteur) (French m.), ábaco (Spanish m.), a counting device traditionally consisting of a frame holding rods on which ten beads can slide. Each rod indicates a power of 10 (thus 1, 10, 100, etc.) Abacus harmonicus an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument in order to produce the necessary musical scales, etc., described by Athanasius Kircher (1601/2-1680) Abacus Pythagoricus a multiplication table believed to have been invented by Pythagoras Abad (Spanish m.) prior, abbot, abate (Italian m.), abbé (French m.), Abt (German m.) (Spanish m.) blister beetle Abada (Spanish m./f.) rhinoceros Abadejo (Spanish m.) cod (fish), haddock, pollack (Spanish m.) blister beetle, Spanish fly, cantharis (Spanish m.) kinglet (bird) Abadengo (Spanish m.) abbacy, jurisdiction of an abbot, abbotship, abbacy abadengo (m.), abadenga (f.) (Spanish) abbatial abadernar (Spanish) to fasten with ropes, to fasten with short ropes Abadesa (Spanish f.) prioress, abbess, badessa (Italian f.), abbesse (French f.), Äbtin (German f.), Äbtissin (German f.) Abadía (Spanish f.) cloister, abbey, abbazia (Italian f.), Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.) Abadiado (Spanish m.) abbacy, abbotship Abadiato (Spanish m.) abbotship ab aeterno (Latin) from the beginning of time, since time immemorial abafado (Portuguese) muted Abagamiento (Spanish m.) funk a bailar (Spanish) let's dance a bailar se ha dicho (Spanish) everybody dance Abaimajani a rhythmic a cappella song of the Garifuna of Honduras and Belize abaissé (m.), abaissée (f.) (French) flattened, lowered, droopy Abaisse-langue (French m.) tongue depressor, an instrument for pressing down the tongue (medical) Abaissement (French m.) drop, fall, depression, humiliation, abasement, lowering, decay, curtailment Abaissement de la main (French m.) abbassamento di mano (Italian), the lowering of the conductor's hand at the beginning of a bar (or measure) abaisser (French) to let down, to let fall, to lower, to diminish, to bring down (prices), to reduce, to pull down, to push down, to humiliate, to make lower, to cut up abaisser, s' see s'abaisser abaixo (Portuguese) below, underneath Abajadero (Spanish m.) downward slope Abajador (Spanish m.) stableboy, groom, stable-boy, stableman, equerry, stable man Abajamiento (Spanish m.) humiliation, belittlement, deprecation, descent abajar (Spanish) to lower (move to a lower position), to get down (from an animal or a vehicle) a baja voz (Spanish) in low voice, sotto voce (Italian) Abajeño (m.), Abajeña (f.) (Spanish) lowlander, person from El Bajío in Mexico abajeño (m.), abajeña (f.) (Spanish) lowland, pertaining to the lowland, relative to the lowland, pertaining to something from El Bajío in Mexico Abajeños folk music of the Perépecha of Mexico abajero (m.), abajera (f.) (Spanish) lowland, bottom, lower abajino (m.), abajina (f.) (Spanish) lowland abajo (m.), abaja (f.) (Spanish) below, down, beneath, underneath, under, downstairs abajo citado (m.), abajo citada (f.) (Spanish) cited below, undermentioned abajo de (Spanish) under, beneath, below, down, down under abajo de él (Spanish) below him abajo de ella (Spanish) below her abajo de ellas (Spanish) below them abajo de ellos (Spanish) below them abajo de la cama (Spanish) under the bed abajo de mí (Spanish) below me abajo de nosotros (Spanish) below us abajo de ti (Spanish) below you abajo de usted (Spanish) below you abajo de vosotros (Spanish) below you abajo el rey (Spanish) away with the king, down with the King abajo encontrara la descripcion de (Spanish) below, you will find a description of abajo firmado (m.), abajo firmada (f.) (Spanish) undersigned Abajo firmante (Spanish m./f.) undersigned abajo firmante (Spanish) undersigned ¡abajo la dictadura! (Spanish) down with the dictatorship! abajo mencionado (m.), abajo mencionada (f.) (Spanish) mentioned below, undermentioned abajo mío (Spanish) below me abajo nuestro (Spanish) below us a bajo precio (Spanish) low cost, low-priced, at low cost, cheaply abajo nuestro (Spanish) below us abajo suyo (Spanish) below him, below her, below you abajo tuyo (Spanish) below you a bajo volumen (Spanish) softly, low (for example, 'the radio on low') Abakuá a men's society of carabalí ethnicity in Cuba [information supplied by Donald Skoog] see also abacuá Abakus (German m.) abacus Abakwa see abacuá abalado (m.), abalado (f.) (Spanish) spongy, flabby Abalanzadero (Spanish m.) ford, cattle crossing in a river Abalanzamiento (Spanish m.) swoop (rapid descent) abalanzar (Spanish) to balance, to make balance, to counterweight, to throw violently, to ford (river), to make cross a river abalanzare sobre ... (Spanish) to leap on ... (somebody, something) abalanzarse (Spanish) to rush towards, to lunge forward abalanzarse a (Spanish) to jump blindly into, to rush toward, to surge toward, to jump at, to hasten (to do something) abalanzarse a los peligros (Spanish) to rush into danger abalanzarse ciegamente a (Spanish) to jump blindly into, to rush blindly into abalanzarse con furia contra (Spanish) to rush head-on against, to fly at abalanzarse contra (Spanish) to dash against abalanzarse encima de (Spanish) to come down on abalanzarse hacia (Spanish) to rush toward, to surge toward abalanzarse hacia adelante (Spanish) to rush forward, to throw oneself forwards abalanzarse sobre (Spanish) to jump at, to fly upon, to come at, to leap on, to lunge at, to make a rush at, to make a swoop on, to pitch into, to pounce at, to pounce on, to pounce upon, to run at, to rush at, to rush toward, to spring at, to swoop down on, to swoop down upon, to lunge on, to rip into, to swoop upon abalar (Spanish) to stir up (emotions, etc.) abalaustrado (m.), abalaustrada (f.) (Spanish) balustraded, with balusters, balustered, with banisters, bannistered abalaustrar (Spanish) to install balusters on, to install bannisters on abaldonadamente (Spanish) courageously, audaciously, fearlessly, wickedly, perfidiously abaldonado (m.), abaldonada (f.) (Spanish) vile Abaldonamiento (Spanish m.) debasement, affront abaldonar (Spanish) to deride, to affront, to aggrieve, to humiliate, to pillory, to smite Abaleador (m.), Abaleadora (f.) (Spanish) gunman (m.), gunmoll (f.) Abaleadura (Spanish f.) chaff abalear (Spanish) to winnow, to shoot, to separate grain from chaff Abaleo (Spanish m.) shooting, exchange of shots Abalienación (Spanish f.) abalienation abalienado (m.), abalienada (f.) (Spanish) abalienated Abalienation mental deterioration or derangement, estrangement, alienation Abalizamiento (Spanish m.) marking with beacons, buoyage, buoying, marking with buoys, marking with caution signals abalizar (Spanish) to mark with buoys aballar (Spanish) to tone down aballestar (Spanish) to tense abalonado (m.), abalonada (f.) (Spanish) balloon-like, balloonlike Abalone (English, Spanish m.) or, in English, 'mother of pearl', a shell material commonly used on instrument inlays, or the creature that is the source of this material Abalorio (s.), Abalorios (pl.) (Spanish m.) glass bead (necklace, etc.), trinket (small ornamental item), bead, beading, beadwork, fantasy jewellery abalourdir (French) to make dull, to make stupid Abalourdissement (French m.) rendering dull or stupid, dullness, stupidity a ballata (Italian) in the style of a dance, in the ballad style, wie eine Ballade (German), tanzliedartig (German), im Charakter der Ballata (German), comme une ballade (French) abalserar (Spanish) to pile up, to heap up abaluartado (m.), abaluartada (f.) (Spanish) fortified, bastioned abaluartar (Spanish) to fortify with bastions, to fortify with a bulwark abalumar (Spanish) to stack up untidily abalumbar (Spanish) to stack up untidily Abama (Spanish m.) bog asphodel Abampere (English, Spanish m.) a unit of current equal to 10 amperes Abañador (Spanish m.) sifter, sorter Abañadura (Spanish f.) sifting abanar (Spanish) to fan, to cool with a fan, to ventilate with a fan abañar (Spanish) to sift abanarse (Spanish) to whisk flies away with the tail (horse, etc.) a banderas desplegadas (Spanish) blatantly, with flying colours, fully abancaino (m.), abancaina (f.) (Spanish) from Abancay abandalizar (Spanish) to form into a band, to divide into bands, to band together abandalizarse (Spanish) to be divided into bands, to be formed in bands Abanderado (m.), Abanderada (f.) (Spanish) standard-bearer, standard bearer, champion, follower of a cause, joiner of a movement, spokesperson for a cause, best representative, spokesman for a cause, linesman, assistant referee, line judge, line keeper, lineman, switchman (railways) Abanderado de una causa (m.), Abanderada de una causa (f.) (Spanish) spokesperson for a cause Abanderamiento (Spanish m.) flagging, registry, registering Abanderamiento de un buque (Spanish m.) flagging of a ship abanderar (Spanish) to register (boat, ship), to put a flag (on a ship), to lead (rebellion), to take sides with, to champion, to uphold abanderarse (Spanish) to take sides politically abänderbar (German) alterable, modifiable, changeable Abanderizador (m.), Abanderizadora (f.) (Spanish) ringleader, agitator, revolutionary abanderizar (Spanish) to divide into bands, to agitate for a cause, to band together abanderizarse (Spanish) to be banded together abändern (German) to mutate, to revise, to vary, to amend, to modify, to change, to correct, to alter abändernd (German) altering Abänderung (German f.) modification, alteration, amendment Abänderungsantrag (s.), Abänderungsanträge (pl.) (German m.) amendment abänderungsfähig (German) changeable Abando (Spanish m.) Egyptian vulture Abandon (French m.) desertion, abandonment, neglected state, resignation (acceptance) to abort (when exiting a computer program), to yield to a passion or to another's control abandon, avec (French) or, in Italian, con abbandono, (play) with feeling, (play) without restraint, (play) with passion abandonadamente (Spanish) neglectedly, unmindfully abandonado (m.), abandonada (f.) (Spanish) forlorn, forsaken, uncared-for, derelict, high and dry, deserted, abandoned (person, dog, place, behaviour), neglected, untidy, unkempt, sloppy, neglectful, negligent, slatternly, deserted, desert-like, phantom, uninhabited, unpopulated, derelict, dissipated, dissolute, incontinent, profligate, wanton abandonado en un lugar solo (Spanish) abandoned in isolation, marooned abandonado por largo rato (Spanish) long-abandoned, long-time abandoned abandonado por largo tiempo (Spanish) long-abandoned, long-time abandoned Abandonador (m.), Abandonadora (f.) (Spanish) abandoner (one who abandons) Abandonamiento (Spanish m.) abandonment, loneliness, slovenliness, carelessness, sloth abandonar (Spanish) to abandon, to desert, to forsake, to bail out on, to fail to assist, to fail to attend, to let go, to neglect, to run out on, to throw over, to walk out on, to renounce, to lay aside, to leave off, to let go of, to quit, to quit on, to relinquish, to resign, to waive, to abort, to leave, to depart from, to do away with, to forsake, to leave behind, to check out on, to cease trying, to desist, to give up, to drop away, to fling up, to abdicate abandonar a (Spanish) to abandon to, to leave to abandonar a ... a su suerte (Spanish) to leave ... to his fate abandonar a la suerte (Spanish) to leave helpless, to maroon abandonar a su suerte (Spanish) to leave to one's fate, to turn adrift abandonar al asegurador (Spanish) to abandon to the insurer abandonar causa (Spanish) to abandon cause, to back down, to back off, to back out, to recoil abandonar completamente (Spanish) to abandon completely, to forsake, to leave hopeless abandonar con el fin de (Spanish) to give up in order to abandonar con furia (Spanish) to storm out of abandonar económicamente (Spanish) to abandon economically, to disendow abandonar el asunto (Spanish) to drop the subject, to change the subject, to drop the issue abandonar el barco (Spanish) to give up the ship abandonar el campo (Spanish) to leave the field abandonar el estrado de testigos (Spanish) to stand down abandonar el hogar (Spanish) to run away from home, to abandon home, to run from home abandonar el lugar (Spanish) to leave the place, to leave abandonar el patrón-oro (Spanish) to abandon the gold standard abandonar el puesto (Spanish) to lie down on the job abandonar el refugio (Spanish) to come out in the open, to break cover abandonar el tema (Spanish) to drop the subject, to change the subject, to drop the issue abandonar el tema de la conversación (Spanish) to drop the subject abandonar el trabajo (Spanish) to abandon work, to lie down on the job, to walk out abandonar en carrera (Spanish) to leave running abandonar en la soledad (Spanish) to abandon in solitude, to strand abandonar filas (Spanish) to defect, to desert abandonar géneros (Spanish) to abandon goods abandonar géneros al asegurador (Spanish) to abandon goods to the insurer abandonar hecho una furia (Spanish) to storm out of abandonar la acción (Spanish) to abandon the action abandonar la actividad (Spanish) to abandon the task, to call it quits abandonar la apelación (Spanish) to abandon the appeal abandonar la causa (Spanish) to abandon one's cause, to apostatize, to defect, to tergiversate abandonar la costumbre (Spanish) to grow out of the habit, to break from the habit, to grow out of one's habit abandonar la costumbre de (Spanish) to grow out of the habit of abandonar la lucha (Spanish) to give up, to lay down one's arms, to throw in the towel, to toss in the sponge abandonar la prima de opción (Spanish) to abandon an option abandonar la propia fe para pasar a (Spanish) to defect to, to apostatise to, to apostatize to abandonar la sociedad (Spanish) to withdraw from the partnership abandonar la tarea (Spanish) to quit, to abandon, to lay off abandonar las esperanzas (Spanish) to abandon hope abandonar las responsabilidades (Spanish) to abandon one's responsibilities, to abandon responsibilities, to cop out abandonar los estudios (Spanish) to give up studying, to abandon one's studies abandonar para (Spanish) to give up in order to, to abandon to abandonar para siempre (Spanish) to abandon abandonarse (Spanish) to abandon onself, to indulge oneself abandonarse a (Spanish) to abandon oneself to, to give in to, to give oneself over to, to give oneself up to, to indulge oneself in abandonarse a la suerte (Spanish) to give oneself up to chance, to trust to luck, to be left to one's luck, to be abandoned to one's destiny abandonarse en las manos de la suerte (Spanish) to give oneself up to chance, to stake one's all, to trust to luck, to be left to one's luck abandonarse en manos de (Spanish) to abandon oneself to abandonarse en manos de la suerte (Spanish) to give oneself up to chance, to gamble everything, to stake one's all, to be left to one's luck abandonar sus deberes (Spanish) to neglect one's duties, to neglect one's study abandonar toda esperanza (Spanish) to abandon all hope abandonar toda reserva (Spanish) to let one's hair down abandonar todo (Spanish) to give up all, to abandon everything, to give up everything, to throw everything out the window abandonar una hipótesis (Spanish) to drop an assumption, to abandon an hypothesis abandonar una opción (Spanish) to abandon an option abandonar una patente (Spanish) to abandon a patent abandonar una pretensión (Spanish) to abandon a claim, to sign off abandonar una reclamación (Spanish) to abandon a claim Abandon de poste (French m.) abandonment of service Abandoned deserted, forsaken, unrestrained, profligate abandonen el barco (Spanish) abandon ship Abandonismo (Spanish m.) defeatism, lassitude Abandonista (Spanish m./f.) defeatist Abandonment freedom from inhibitions, dissoluteness abandonnant (French) abandoning abandonné (m.), abandonnée (f.) (French) negligent, free-and-easy, relaxed, shameless, graceless, profligate, forsaken, disused, derelict (abandonded), abandoned, helpless, marooned Abandonnement (French m.) freedom from inhibitions, dissoluteness, profligacy abandonner (French) to give up, to hand over, to surrender, to renounce, to forsake, to desert, to throw over, to turn one's back on, to abandon, to leave, to quit (to give up), to neglect, to drop, to retire, to relinquish, to maroon (on an island) abandonner à la dérive (French) to turn adrift abandonner la partie (French) to throw in one's hand abandonner se prétentions (French) to renounce one's claims abandonnieren (German) to abandon Abandono (Spanish m.) abandon, abandonment, nonchalance, unrestraint, wantonness, withdrawal, desertion, desolation, abandoning, dereliction, drop-out, proscription, retirement, resignation, neglect, personal carelessness, carelessness, untidiness, departure, giving up, renunciation, relinquishment, complete surrender Abandono al asegurador (Spanish m.) abandonment to insurer Abandono de acción (Spanish m.) abandonment of action, discontinuance Abandono de apelación (Spanish m.) abandonment of appeal Abandono de bienes (Spanish m.) abandonment of goods Abandono de bienes en la aduana (Spanish m.) abandonment of goods in customs Abandono de buque (Spanish m.) abandonment of ship Abandono de carga (Spanish m.) abandonment of cargo Abandono de cargamento (Spanish m.) abandonment of cargo Abandono de cónyuge (Spanish m.) abandonment of husband or wife, desertion Abandono de cuidados (Spanish m.) abandonment of care Abandono de derechos (Spanish m.) abandonment of rights, waiver of rights Abandono de flete (Spanish m.) abandonment of freight Abandono de la instancia (Spanish m.) abandonment of action Abandono de la opción (Spanish m.) abandonment of the option Abandono de la prima de opción (Spanish m.) abandonment of the option Abandono de la propia voluntad (Spanish m.) self-surrender Abandono del aseo (Spanish m.) untidiness, personal carelessness Abandono del buque y de los fletes (Spanish) abandonment of ship and freight Abandono del deber (Spanish m.) dereliction of duty Abandono del hogar (Spanish m.) abandonment of domicile, desertion Abandono de menores (Spanish m.) failure of father to provide for children Abandono de mercancías (Spanish m.) abandonment of goods Abandono de mercancías en la aduana (Spanish m.) abandonment of goods in customs Abandono de niños (Spanish m.) abandonment of children Abandono de proceso (Spanish m.) abandoment of process, nolle prosequi (Latin) Abandono de propiedad (Spanish m.) renunciation of property Abandono de recurso (Spanish m.) abandonment of appeal Abandono de sí mismo (Spanish m.) self-surrender Abandono de un contrato (Spanish m.) abandonment of a contract Abandono de una carga (Spanish m.) abandonment of a cargo Abandono implícito (Spanish m.) implied abandonment Abandono infantil (Spanish m.) child neglect Abandono tácito (Spanish m.) implied abandonment Abanicada (Spanish f.) fanning, fanning motion abanicar (Spanish) to fan abanicarse (Spanish) to fan oneself Abanicazo (Spanish m.) blow with a fan, swat delivered with a fan, tap with a fan Abanico (Spanish m.) fan, range (figurative: as in, a range of possibilities), agreement easy to wriggle out of (Spanish m.) a stylised roll played by the timbalero usually to signify a change in the music (i.e. from verse to chorus) (Spanish m.) a word used to describe the timbales figure (roll and accent) played to introduce or close sections and to setup various ensemble passages Abanico aluvial (Spanish m.) alluvial fan, alluvial cone, fan delta Abanico colgante (Spanish m.) ceiling fan, punka Abanico con mango (Spanish m.) fan with a handle Abanico de culpas (Spanish m.) guilt-ridden person Abanico de deyección (Spanish m.) debris cone Abanico de emociones (Spanish m.) range of emotions Abanico de entrada (Spanish m.) fan-in Abanico de mano (Spanish m.) fan Abanico de mar (Spanish m.) sea fan Abanico de posibilidades (Spanish m.) a range of possibilities Abanico de salida (Spanish m.) fan-out Abanico eductor (Spanish m.) exhaust fan Abanico extractor (Spanish m.) exhaust fan, extractor fan Abanico grande (Spanish m.) large fan Abanico hecho de plumas usado por el Papa (Spanish m.) flabelo (Spanish m.), fan made of plumes used by the Pope Abanico mecánico (Spanish m.) mechanical fan Abanico salarial (Spanish m.) wage range Abanillo (Spanish m.) frilled collar, mechanical fan Abanino (Spanish m.) adornment made with gauze formerly used in ladies's dresses to cover the neck abaniquear (Spanish) to fan Abaniqueo (Spanish m.) fanning, fanning motion, excessive gesticulation while speaking Abaniquería (Spanish f.) fan shop, fan factory, fan store, fanmaker's shop Abaniquero (m.), Abaniquera (f.) (Spanish) fan maker, fan vendor, fan dealer Abano (Spanish m.) fan, ceiling fan Abanto (m.), Abanta (f.) (Spanish) African vulture, Egyptian vulture abanto (m.), abanta (f.) (Spanish) shy, timid, dull, stupid Abapical (English) being opposite to or directed away from the apex abapical (Spanish) abapical Abaque (s.), Abaques (pl.) (French m.) abacus (s.), abaci (pl.), abacuses (pl.) (French m.) counting-frame (a mechanical aid used for counting) in architecture, a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell, whose chief function is to provide a large supporting surface (wider than the capital) to receive the weight of the arch or the architrave above. The diminutive of 'abacus', 'abaculus', is used to describe small mosaic tiles, also called 'abaciscus' or 'tessera', used to create ornamental floors with detailed patterns of chequers or squares in a tessellated pavement Abaratado (Spanish m.) reduced in price, bargain, discount, cheapen, cut the price of, rebate, reduce the price of abaratador (m.), abaratadora (f.) (Spanish) cheapening Abaratamiento (Spanish m.) price reduction, cheapening, reduction in price, reduction of price Abaratamiento artificial (Spanish m.) artificial cheapness abaratar (Spanish) to reduce the price of, to make cheaper, to cheapen, to reduce the price of, to rebate abaratarse (Spanish) to come down (prices), to drop (prices), to become cheaper, to come down in price a barba regada (Spanish) abundantly, by the handful, liberally Abarbeiten (German n.) machining (removing of material as on a lathe, a milling machine, etc.) abarbeiten (German) to process, to handle Abarbeitung (German f.) processing Abarbeitungsfolge (German f.) sequence of operations Abarbeitungszeit (German f.) processing time Abarca (Spanish f.) sandal, clog, wooden shoe abarcable (Spanish) that can be embraced, that can be clasped, that can be understood, that can be encompassed, that can be grasped Abarca de esparto (Spanish f.) fibre sandal abarcado (m.), abarcada (f.) (Spanish) sandaled (wearing sandals) Abarcador (m.), Abarcadora (f.) (Spanish) monopolizer, gatherer, embracer, monopolist Abarcadura (Spanish f.) inclusion, inclusiveness Abarcamiento (Spanish m.) scope, embracing abarcar (Spanish) to put one's arms around, to embrace, to span (to cover), to cover (to span), to cope with, to extend over, the extend through, to range over, to stretch over, to encircle (with arms, hand, etc.), to monopolize (Latin America), to dominate, to comprise, to comprehend, to encompass, to include, to reach over, to take in, to subsume, to sweep over abarcar con la vista (Spanish) to have a view of, to dominate abarcar dentro de sí (Spanish) to comprise, to contain, to comprehend abarcar en tiempo desde (Spanish) to range in time from, to reach in time from abarcar mucho (Spanish) to cover a lot of ground abarcó varios temas (Spanish) ranged over many topics abarcuzar (Spanish) to monopolize abaritonado (m.), abaritonada (f.) (Spanish) baritone-like abarloar (Spanish) to approach, to go near a barlovento (Spanish) windward Abarognosia (Spanish f.) abarognosis Abarognosis (English, Spanish f.) (medicine) lack of ability to estimate the weight of an object one is holding Abarognotic of or pertaining to abarognosis Abarquero (m.), Abarquera (f.) (Spanish) sandal maker, sandal vendor, sandal dealer abarquillado (m.), abarquillada (f.) (Spanish) warped, bent, curved, curled-up Abarquillamiento (Spanish m.) warping, curling up, wrinkling abarquillar (Spanish) to warp, to bend, to curve, to curl up, to twist abarquillarse (Spanish) to warp, to curl up (page, cover of a book), to buckle abarracar (Spanish) to accommodate in barracks, to canton, to quarter, to set up barracks, to camp in barracks abarrado (m.), abarrada (f.) (Spanish) striped Abarraganamiento (Spanish m.) concubinage, cohabitation, illicit cohabitation, liaison abarraganarse (Spanish) to live in concubinage, to cohabit illicitly abarrajado (m.), abarrajada (f.) (Spanish) bold, shameless abarrajar (Spanish) to run over (person, animal), to drive over (person, animal) Abarramiento (Spanish m.) shaking, hurtling Abarrancadero (Spanish m.) precipice, difficult situation, deadlock, jam Abarrancamiento (Spanish m.) bogging-down, stranding abarrancar (Spanish) to bog down, to run aground abarrancarse (Spanish) to bog oneself down, to run onself aground abarrar (Spanish) to throw, to throw hard, to hit, to beat Abarredera (Spanish m.) mechanical sweeper, sweeper abarrotaba el teatro, el público (Spanish) the theatre was packed (with people) abarrotado (m.), abarrotada (f.) (Spanish) crammed, completely full, packed, crowded, full abarrotado de (m.), abarrotada de (f.) (Spanish) packed with, crammed with Abarrotador (m.), Abarrotadora (f.) (Spanish) general store keeper, monopolizer, person who monopolizes a specific market Abarrotamiento (Spanish m.) crowding abarrotar (Spanish) to pack full, to cram, to stuff, to fill up, to pack tight, to stow, to overstock, to pack, to monpolize abarrotarse (Spanish) to become crowded Abarrote (Spanish m.) grocery Abarrotería (Spanish f.) grocery store, grocery, convenience store, general store, grocer's, grocer's shop, hardware store Abarrotero (m.), Abarrotera (f.) (Spanish) general store keeper, grocer, general grocer, ignorant (familiar) Abarrotes (Spanish m.) groceries Abart (German f.) modification, variety Abart des gleichen Modells (German f.) version of the same model abartig (German) abnormal, deviant Abartigkeit (German f.) deviancy (characteristic), abnormality a barullo (Spanish) galore abarustado (m.), abarustada (f.) (Spanish) nervous, excited, startled à bas ...! (French) down with ...! a base de (Spanish) thanks to, by means of, based on, on the basis of a base de amiguismo (Spanish) through special contacts and influence a base de bien (Spanish) very well a base de comisión (Spanish) on a commission basis, on commission a base di (Italian) containing Abashed embarrassed, disconcerted abasí (s.), abasíes (pl.) (Spanish) of or pertaining to the Abbas or Abbasid caliphate descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–662) Abasia (English, Spanish f.) inability to walk abásico (m.), abásica (f.) (Spanish) abasic, abatic Abasidas (Spanish m.) Abbasside, Abbasid, Abbassid see 'Abbasids' abasourdi (m.), abasourdie (f.) (French) thunderstruck abasourdir (French) to stun (to stupify), to bewilder, to dumbfound, to stupify, to daze, to deafen temporarily Abasourdissement (French m.) bewilderment, stupifaction a bassa voce (Italian) to speak in a low or damped voice, mit leiser Stimme (German), leise (German) Abastamiento (Spanish m.) provisioning, furnishing with necessary provisions, supplying with necessary provisions abastar (Spanish) to supply, to furnish with necessary provisions, to provision, to purvey, to supply with necessary provisions abastardarse (Spanish) to become bastardized, to degenerate Abastanza (Spanish f.) copiousness Abastecedor (m.), Abastecedora (f.) (Spanish) supplier, provisioner, caterer, purveyor, grocery store, store, wholesale butcher, meat supplier Abastecedor de buques (Spanish m.) ship's chandler Abastecedor de provisiones en el ejército (Spanish m.) victualer, sutler, victualler Abastecedor principal (Spanish m.) principal supplier abastecer (Spanish) to supply, to furnish, to give, to provide, to meet the demand of, to minister, to provision, to purvey, to stock, to give supplies to abastecer con provisiones (Spanish) to supply with provisions, to provision abastecer de (Spanish) to supply with, to furnish with, to provide with, to stock with abastecer de comida (Spanish) to supply with food, to cater abastecer de municiones (Spanish) to supply with munitions abastecer de provisiones (Spanish) to supply with necessary provisions, to provision, to supply with provisions abastecer el mercado (Spanish) to supply the market abastecerse (Spanish) to stock up abastecerse de (Spanish) to stock up on, to get, to get some stocks in, to lay in, to lay in a stock of, to stock up with abastecido (m.), abastecida (f.) (Spanish) supplied, fuelled, provisioned, stocked Abastecimiento (s.), Abastecimientos (pl.) (Spanish m.) supply, catering, provisioning, supplying, purveyance, victualling, supplies (plural form), stocks (plural form) Abastecimiento de agua (Spanish m.) supply of water, water supply Abastecimiento de combustible (Spanish m.) fuel supply, fuel tank, fuelling Abastecimiento de provisiones (Spanish m.) munitioning Abastero (Spanish m./f.) cattle trader, whole livestock dealer, wholesale cattle dealer, supplier, purveyor, wholesale butcher, meat supplier abastionar (Spanish) to fortify with bastions Abasto (s.), Abastos (pl.) (Spanish m.) provisioning, plenty, supplying, profusion, supply, stock of provisions (plural form) Abasto mundial (Spanish m.) world supply Abatanador (m.), Abatanadora (f.) (Spanish) fuller abatanar (Spanish) to full (cloth), to maltreat (person, animal) abatanarse (Spanish) to become matted or worn due to use or over-washing abâtardir (French) to cause to degenerate, to debase, to bastardise Abâtardissement (French m.) degeneration, debasement abatatado (m.), abatatada (f.) (Spanish) stocky, scared, awed abatatar (Spanish) to shame, to embarrass abatatarse (Spanish) to become embarrassed Abate (English) make or become less strong, diminish, as for example 'noise abatement' meaning 'noise reduction' (Italian m., Spanish m.) abbot, clergyman, priest, abbé, presbyter, abad (Spanish m.), abbé (French m.), Abt (German m.), father (title of an abbot) Abatí (Spanish m.) corn, maize abatible (Spanish) folding, collapsible, reclining, abatable, tip-up Abatic of or relating to abasia (inability to walk) abático (m.), abática (f.) (Spanish) abatic Abatida (Spanish f.) abatis, barricade Abatidamente (Spanish) dejectedly, despondently, dispiritedly, sadly Abatidero (Spanish m.) drain, drainage ditch, sluiceway Abatido (Spanish m.) slating, boarding abatido (m.), abatida (f.) (Spanish) depressed, crestfallen, dejected, despondent, disheartened, down in the mouth, downcast, low-spirited, broken-down, prostrate, contemptible, despicable, devalued, fallen in price, depreciated Abatimiento (Spanish m.) discouragement, depression, abatement, dejection, desolation, dismay, low spirits, poor spirits, weariness, despond, despondence, despondency, doldrums, drift, leeway, prostration, abaissement, dismantling, disassembling Abatimiento de las barreras al comercio (Spanish m.) dismantling of trade barriers Abatimiento del rumbo (Spanish m.) leeway abatir (Spanish) to bring down (plane), to knock down (wall, building), to demolish, to pull down (building, etc.), to fell (tree), to recline, to fold down, to depress, to dishearten, to cast down, to abate, to prostrate, to stamp out, to eradicate, to shoot down, to down, to humiliate (figurative), to knock out, to batter down, to beat down, to break down, to break in, to defeat, to run to ground, to tumble down, to drift, to cast, to make leeway, to shatter abatir a golpes (Spanish) to knock down, to bash in abatir a tiros (Spanish) to gun down abatir la corrupción (Spanish) to stamp out corruption abatirse (Spanish) to get depressed, to befall ..., to swoop abatirse a (Spanish) to fall to abatirse al suelo (Spanish) to throw oneself to the ground, to be thrown to the floor abatirse con (Spanish) to let oneself be overpowered by abatirse de ánimos (Spanish) to get discouraged, to get depressed abatirse de espíritu (Spanish) to get depressed abatirse en los contratiempos (Spanish) to become disheartened by setbacks abatirse por (Spanish) to be overpowered by, to be crushed by abatirse por los contratiempos (Spanish) to become disheartened by setbacks abatirse sobre (Spanish) to attack, to bear down on, to charge down upon, to swoop down on, to swoop down upon, to swoop upon, to strike, to hit Abatismo (Spanish m.) power of the abbots, body of abbés Abat-jour (s.), Abat-jours (pl.) (French m.) a skylight, a device that is used to deflect daylight downward as it streams through a window, a shutter or awning used to exclude daylight (French m.) lamp-shade, lampshade à bâtons rompus (French) jumping from subject to subject Abats (French pl.) offal, giblets (poultry) Abat-sons a louver or luffer-board (used to reflect sound downwards) Abattage (French m.) cutting down, slaughter Abattage d'arbres (French m.) felling Abattant (French m.) flap, leaf (of a table, desk etc.) Abattement (French m.) dejection, despondency, apathy, reduction Abattement fiscale (French m.) tax allowance Abattement forfaitaire (French m.) fixed-rate rebate Abatteur (French m.) slaughterer (of animals), lumberjack Abatteur de besogne (m.), Abatteuse de besogne (f.) (French) slogger, hard worker Abatteuse (French f.) tease (woman) Abattis (French m. pl.) rubble, debris Abattis de volaille (French m. pl.) giblets (poultry) Abattoir (French m.) butchery, slaughterhouse abattre (French) to dishearten, to weaken, to depress (to make dispirited), to drain (energy from a person), to sap, to demoralize, to tire out, to wear out, to pull down (a wall, a building), to account for (to destroy), to chop down, to knock over, to butcher (to slaughter), to shoot down, to shoot somebody down abattre du travail (French) to get through a lot of work abattre, s' see s'abattre abattre un arbre (French) to cut down (a tree) to fell abattu (m.), abattue (f.) (French) dejected, despondent, worn out, exhausted, feeble, very weak, demoralized, downcast, depressed (dejected), crestfallen, down-in-the-mouth abattu(e), être see être abattu (m.), être abattue (f.) a battuta (Italian, literally 'as beaten') with the beat, in strict time, misurato (Italian), a tempo (Italian), im Takt (German) when the words a battuta are found in Italian scores after a recitative, they indicate that the tempo of the air or aria following must be strict (or measured) rather than free as would have been the case in the recitative Abature grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them Abat-voix (French) a sounding board, a wooden canopy (often placed over a pulpit in a church, cathedral, etc.) whose purpose is to reduce the dispersion of sound Abätzen (German n.) etching abätzen (German) to etch, to cauterize (a wound) Abaxial located away from or on the opposite side of the axis abaxial (Spanish) abaxial abaxil (Spanish) abaxial abayado (m.), abayada (f.) (Spanish) bacciform, berry-shaped, berrylike, berry-like abayuncar (Spanish) to throw, to put on the spot abayuncarse (Spanish) to become countrified Abazón (Spanish m.) cheek pouch abb. abbreviation of 'abbey' Abb. abbreviation of 'abbey', 'abbot' or 'abbess' abbacchiato (Italian) with a dejected, melancholic expression Abbacy office or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess abbaiare (Italian) to bark, to bay, to howl, to yelp, to snarl Abbaiata (Italian f.) barking, baying, howling, yelping, snarling, scolding Abbaione (Italian m.) noisy fellow, great talker Abbaino (Italian m.) dormer widow, skylight, garret window, garret Abbán moccu Corbmaic (d.c.520) also known simply as Abbán, Eibbán or Moabba, an Irish saint abbandonamente (Italian) or abbandono (Italian), vehemently, violently, passionately, unrestrained (for example, with unrestrained emotion), relaxed, hingebungsvoll (German), mit Hingabe (German), avec abandon (French) free, particularly as regards the time abbandonamento (Italian) abandonment, forsaking, deserting, loss of strength or of courage, weakness, profligacy, dejection abbandonandosi (Italian) abandoning oneself, sich hingebend (German), en s'abandonnant (French) abbandonare (Italian) to abandon, to leave, to desert, to foresake, to quit, to forgo, to let go, to drop, to let fall, to disuse, to give up, to relinquish, to surrender, to concede, to throw away as in senza abbandonare la corda (Italian: without quitting the string) (Italian) neglect abbandonasi (Italian) with abandon, unrestrained, without restraint, with ease, with passionate expression (making the tempo subordinate to the expression) abbandonatamente (Italian) or abbandono (Italian), vehemently, violently, passionately, unrestrained (for example, with unrestrained emotion), relaxed, with abandon, mit Hingabe (German), hingebungsvoll (German), avec abandon (French) free, particularly as regards the time (making the tempo subordinate to the expression) abbandonato (Italian) abandoned, deserted, forsaken, neglected, given up abbandone (Italian) despondingly, with self-abandonment making the time subservient to the expression abbandonevolmente (Italian) vehemently, violently, desperately making the time subservient to the expression Abbandono (Italian m.) abandonment, desertion, dereliction, renouncement, relaxation, unconstraint, isolation, neglect abbandono (Italian) abbandonatamente, abbandonevolmente abbandono, con (Italian) nachlassend (German), avec abandon (French), to play negligently, to play in a free-and-easy manner, to play in an impassioned manner, with a burst of passion abbarbagliare (Italian) to dazzle, to daze, to hallucinate Abbas (Arabic) or abbass, strict, stern, severe (in appearance) Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566-652) uncle of Mohammed and forefather of the founder of the Abbasid Khalifate dynasty, who were the khalifs of Baghdad between 750 and 1258 Abbasids see Abbassids Abbassamento (Italian) the act of lowering or the state of being lowered Abbassamento di mano (Italian) the falling or lowering of the hand, down-beat in conducting, abaissement de la main (French) Abbassamento di voce (Italian) the lowering of the voice, Sinkenlassen der Stimme (German) abbassando (Italian) similar to diminuendo (Italian), waning, lowering, calante (Italian), calando (Italian), schwächer werdend (German), absinkend (German), en faisant descendre (French), en descendant (French), en abaissant (French) abbassare (Italian) lower, in the sense of 'to tune a string down', a type of scordatura in which a string is tuned down so that the range of the string or keyboard instrument, for example a harpsichord or spinet', will be able to satisfy the needs of a particular piece (Italian) turn down (the volume of a radio or TV) Abbassids a dynasty of caliphs who ruled the Arabian empire from 750 to 1258. During this period the Muslim world became the unrivaled intellectual centre for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established a "House of Wisdom" in Baghdad; where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and later in turn translated into Turkish, Persian, Hebrew and Latin Abbasid from which this information has been taken abbasso (Italian) below abbatersi (Italian) to be discouraged abbatial (English, French) of or pertaining to an abbey-church or abbey (English, French) of or pertaining to an abbess or an abbot Abbatiale (French f.) abbey-church Abbau (German m.) cut (reduction), disassembly, downsizing, depletion, breakdown, dismantling, disintegration, slimming, cutback, reduction Abbau des Personals (German m.) reduction in staff abbauen (German) to dismantle, to exploit, to abolish, to phase out, to axe, to lower (costs), to detach abbauend (German) degrading, retrenching abbaufähig (German) exploitable Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen (German m.) job cuts Abbaye (French f.) abbey, Abtei (German f.), abbazia (Italian f.), abadia (Spanish f. Abbazia (Italian f.) abbey, Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.), abadia (Spanish f.) Abbé (French m., German m.) abbot, priest (particularly in France), a cleric, abad (Spanish m.), abate (Italian m.), Abt (German m.) in the eighteenth century, the title was applied to one in minor orders, wearing clerical dress, but serving little or no ecclesiastical function Abbecedario (Italian m.) primer (elementary text book) Abbéde cour (French m.) an abbé who, having obtained a lucrative and influential position at court, is perceived as being more worldly than a cleric should be abbedingen (German) to waive abbeißen (German) to bite off, to snap off Abbeizen (German n.) removing paint, removing varnish abbeizen (German) to strip (paint, varnish, etc.), to remove a stain (from wood, etc.) Abbeizer (German m.) paint stripper Abbeizmittel (German n.) paint stripper, paint remover Abbeizpaste (German f.) scouring paste abbellare (Italian) to embellish with ornaments Abbellimento (s.), Abbellimenti (pl.) (Italian m.) embellishment(s), ornament(s), grace note(s) abbellire (Italian) to embellish with ornaments Abbellitura (s.), Abbelliture (pl.) (Italian) embellishment, ornament abbeordern (German) to commandeer Abberufung (German f.) recall, dismissal Abbess the head of a community of nuns Abbesse (French f.) abbess, abadesa (Spanish f.), badessa (Italian f.), Äbtin (German f.), Äbtissin (German f.) abbestellen (German) to countermand, to unsubscribe, to counter-order, to cancel abbestellend (German) countermanding Abbestellung (German f.) cancellation Abbestellung einer Zeitschrift (German f.) cancellation of a periodical abbetteln (German) to wheedle, to wheedle out, to get something through flattery, to scrounge abbettelnd (German) wheedling Abbey abadia (Spanish f.), abbazia (Italian f.), Abtei (German f.), abbaye (French f.) buildings occupied by a community of monks (headed by an abbot) or nuns (headed by an abbess) a community of monks (headed by an abbot) or nuns (headed by an abbess) occupying such buildings Abbey of Lorsch (German: Reichsabtei Lorsch; Latin: Laureshamense Monasterium, called also Laurissa and Lauresham), in Lorsch, about 10 km (6 miles) east of Worms, one of the most renowned monasteries of the Carolingian Empire. Even in its ruined state, its remains are among the most important pre-Romanesque buildings in Germany. Its chronicle, entered in the Lorscher Codex compiled in the 1170s (now in the state archive at Würzburg) is a fundamental document for early medieval German history. Another famous document from the monastic library is the Codex Aureus of Lorsch Lorsch Abbey from which this information has been taken abbezahlen (German) to pay off abbezahlt (German) paid off Abbicci (Italian m.) alphabet, spelling book, primer, rudiments abbiegen (German) to deflect, to divert, to diverge, to branch off, to turn off, to turn, to fork Abbiegespur (German f.) turning lathe abbiente (Italian) well-to-do, prosperous Abbigliamento (Italian m.) clothes, clothing industry, dress, attire Abbigliamento da sera (Italian m.) evening dress (for a man) abbigliare (Italian) to dress, to dress smartly abbigliarsi (Italian) to dress, to dress smartly Abbigliatura (Italian f.) dressing, style of dress, style of dressing Abbild (German n.) likeness, reflection, portrayal, picture, image, copy abbilden (German) to image, to map, to picture, to model, to project, to figure, to portray, to illustate, to show, to reproduce, to depict, to describe Abbilder (German pl.) images Abbildtheorie der Kunst (German f.) mimetic theory of art Abbildtheorie der Sprache (German f.) picture theory of language (Wittgenstein) Abbildung (German f.) illustration (or abbreviated Abb., ill.), figure (or abbreviated Abb., fig.), a plate (illustration in a book, etc.), map, picture, reproduction (of a picture), portraiture Abbildungsspeicherun (German f.) image storage Abbildungssystem (German m.) imaging system Abbildungstechnologie (German f.) imaging technology Abbildungsverhältnis (German n.) magnification Abbildungsverzeichnis (German n.) list of figures, table of figures abbinamento (Italian) combining abbinare (Italian) to combine, to pair, to unite (generally two things of the same class) Abbinden (German n.) ligature Abbindezeit (German f.) curing time, setting time (for a glue, etc.) abbindolare (Italian) to cheat, to dupe, to deceive, to lead by the nose (figurative) abbisognare (Italian) to want, to be in want (of(, to require Abbitte (German f.) apology Abbitte leisten (German) to apologize, to eat humble pie abbitten (German) to apologize Abblasen (German n.) tower music (choral melodies performed at set times from church towers, or other public places, on wind instruments) abblasen (German) to sound the trumpet, to sound the retreat, to sound for the last time abblättern (German) to chip off, to exfoliate, to flake (off), to peel off, to come off in flakes abblätternd (German) peeling (off), flaking Abblätterung (German f.) chipping, exfoliation Abblenden (German n.) blinding, stopping down (camera) abblenden (German) to fade out (light, music), to turn down (volume, brightness), to dim, to dim out, to screen off, to stop down (camera), to dip (lights) abblendend (German) screening off Abblendlicht (German n.) dim light Abblendung (German f.) dimming Abblendvorrichtung (German f.) dimming device abblitzen (German) to meet with a rebuff, to rebuff abblitzend (German) rebuffing, meeting with a rebuff abblocken (German) to block Abblühen (German n.) fading abblühen (German) to fade (also used figuratively) Abboccamento (Italian m.) interview, talk, conversation abboccare (Italian) to seize with the mouth (bite), to be deceived (figurative) abboccarsi (Italian) to have an interview, to talk, to confer abbonacciare (Italian) to appease, to calm, to quiet, to soothe abbonacciarsi (Italian) to become calm, to grow calm (wind), to blow out (storm) Abbonamento (Italian m.) subscription (concerts, theatre, journal, etc.), reduction, allowance biglietto di abbonamento (Italian m.: season ticket) abbonare (Italian) to take out a subscription (for someone else), to induce someone to subscribe, to approve, to allow (a discount) abbonarsi (Italian) to subscribe, to take out a subscription (for oneself), to take out a season-ticket (theatre, etc.) Abbonato (s.), Abbonati (pl.) (Italian m./f.) one who subscribes to a subscription series at an opera house, a season-ticket holder, a consumer (of gas, etc.) abbondante (Italian) roomy (clothes), abundant, plentiful, copious, rich, profuse Abbondanza (Italian f.) abundance, plenty, fullness abbondare (Italian) to abound abbondare di (Italian) to abound in abbondevole (Italian) abundant (literary) abbonire (Italian) to calm, to soften, to appease, to ripen, to cultivate (land), to improve (land) abbordabile (Italian) approachable (person), accessible, reasonable (price) abbordare (Italian) to accost (figurative), to go up to, to broach (a subject) Abbordo (Italian m.) access, approach abborracciare (Italian) to botch, to bungle (a piece of work) Abborraccione (Italian m.) a bungler Abbot the head of a community of monks Abbot's Bromley Horn Dance see 'horn dance' Abbotsholme Guild of Handicrafts established c.1890, a short-lived country outpost of CR Ashbee's Guild of Handicrafts at the Abbotsholme progressive school in Derbyshire abbottonare (Italian) to button up, to button abbottonarsi (Italian) to become reserved, to be secretive, to keep something to oneself Abbottonatura (Italian f.) (row of) buttons, buttoning (on a dress, coat, etc.) abbozzare (Italian) to sketch (out), to outline, to make a rough draft, to rough-hew (sculpture) abbozzare un sorriso (Italian) give a hint of a smile, to break into a smile Abbozzata (Italian f.) a rough sketch abbozzaticcio (Italian) sketchy, slight, rough-cast Abbozzo (Italian m.) a sketch, an outline, a rough model, a rough draft, a dwarf, a manikin abbr. abbreviation of 'abbreviation' abbracciare (Italian m.) embrace, hug (a person), take up (a profession), include (figuratively) Abbraccio (Italian m.) embrace, hug abbrechen (German) to sever, to dismantle, to abort, to cut short, to tear down, to truncate, to abandon, to cancel, to break away, to discontinue, to break off, to demolish, to kill, to break up, to break off (talks, negotiations), to strike (camp, etc.), to interrupt abbrechend (German) breaking off, aborting, dismantling Abbrecher (German m.) drop-out (from a course, etc.) Abbrecherquote (German f.) drop-out rate (from a course, etc.) Abbremsen (German n.) braking abbremsen (German) to slow down, to decelerate abbremsend (German) slowing down, slowing abbrev. abbreviation of 'abbreviation' Abbreviamento (s.), Abbreviamenti (pl.) (Italian) abbreviation (for example, in musical notation), abbreviatura (Italian f.), abbreviazione (Italian f.), Abbreviatur (German f.), Abkürzung (German f.), abréviation (French f.), abreviación (Spanish f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.) abbreviare (Italian) abbreviate, shorten, curtail Abbreviate shorten, particular where a word is represented by only a part of it Abbreviation or shortening, abbreviatura (Italian f.), abbreviazione (Italian f.), abbreviamento (Italian m.), Abkürzung (German f.), Abbreviatur (German f.), abréviation (French f.), abreviación (Spanish f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.) any symbol used to indicate elements that might otherwise require a more extended notation. In musical notation, the most common abbreviations are the signs for repeated notes or repeated note patterns (see 'Repeated notes, notation of'); in piano music, the use of chords to indicate arpeggio-like figuration; con 8va or con 8va bassa both indicating the addition of notes an octave above or below the written note; as well as abbreviations of terms like piano (p.), etc. more generally, there are many standard abbreviations, for example e.g., cf., SATB, and so on. We have included a large number in our dictionary. The rules in English are generally simple. Abbreviations end in a full stop and are never the first word in a sentence. So, vol. for volume, chap. for chapter. In these cases the plural forms are vols. for volumes, chaps. for chapters. Note that some plurals do not end in s. So, p the abbreviation for page has the plural form pp. for pages Instrument Names and Their Abbreviations abbreviativ (German) abbreviative Abbreviator (s.), Abbreviators (English pl.), Abbreviatores (Latin pl.) also called Breviators, a body of writers in the papal chancery, whose business was to sketch out and prepare in due form the pope's bulls, briefs and consistorial decrees before these are written out in extenso by the scriptores Abbreviator from which this information has been taken Abbreviatur (s.), Abbreviaturen (pl.) (German f.) or Abkürzung (German f.), abbreviation (s.) (for example, in musical notation), abbreviatura (Italian f.), abbreviazione (Italian f.), abbreviamento (Italian m.), abreviación (Spanish f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.), abréviation (French f.) Abbreviatura (s.), Abbreviature (pl.) (Italian f.) abbreviation(s) (for example, in musical notation), abbreviazione (Italian f.), abbreviamento (Italian m.), Abbreviatur (German f.), Abkürzung (German f.), abreviación (Spanish f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.), abréviation (French f.) Abbreviazione (s.), Abbreviazioni (pl.) (Italian f.) abbreviation (for example, in musical notation), abbreviatura (Italian f.), abbreviamento (Italian m.), Abbreviatur (German f.), Abkürzung (German f.), abreviación (Spanish f.), abreviatura (Spanish f.), abréviation (French f.) abbrevieren (German) to abbreviate abbringen (German) to dissuade abbringend (German) dissuading abbröseln (German) to flake off Abbruch (German m.) abortion, breakup, discontinuance, break, break-off, stopping, stop, truncation, severance, dropout, demolition, termination, abandonment Abbruch der Verhandlungen (German m.) breakdown in negotiations Abbruch eines Streiks (German m.) calling off of a strike Abbrucharbeiten (German pl.) demolition work Abbruchgebäude (German n.) building to be demolished abbruchreif (German) condemned (building, etc.) Abbruchsarbeiten (German pl.) demolition work Abbruchtaste (German f.) escape key (for example, on a computer keyboard) Abbrutimento (Italian m.) brutalization abbuchen (German) to deduct, to write off (a debt), to debit abbuchend (German) writing off (a debt) Abbuchung (German f.) debiting, direct debit, write-off (a debt) Abbuchungsverfahren (German n.) direct debiting Abbundrippe (German f.) cut-off bar (on a sound-board) abbürsten (German) to dust down, to brush down, to brush off, to give a brush abbürstend (German) brushing off abbüßen (German) to expiate ABC abbreviation of 'American Broadcasting Company' (English, Spanish f.), 'Australian Broadcasting Commission' ABC (English, German n.) the alphabet, the rudiments of a subject, alphabetical guide (French m.) alphabet book, fundamentals, primer (French m.) rudiments, as in l'abc du métier (French: the rudiments of the job) ABC-Buch (German n.) primer ABC-dieren (Dutch) in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany ABC-diren (German) or Abcidiren, in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany Abcès (French m.) abscess Abcidiren (German) or ABC-diren, in singing exercises, to use note names rather than the solfeggio syllables do, re, mi, etc., a system most commonly found in Germany ABC-Kunst (German f.) minimal art ABCM abbreviation of 'Associate of Bandsmen's College of Music' ABC notation ABC is a format for writing tunes in a portable and easy way. It was invented by Chris Walshaw, and is used for sending tunes via e-mail, for putting tune books on the net, and for typesetting tunes. There are now a number of different software packages available for handling ABC files on various platforms ABC notation the ABC musical notation language ABC Plus - an extension of the original ABC language ABC Convert-o-matic - input ABC file - output pdf, midi or jpg Abcoulomb (English, Spanish m.) a unit of electrical charge equal to 10 coulombs Abc-Schütze (m.), Abc-Schützin (f.) (German) abecedarian abdämpfen (German) to evaporate, to depress, to clear off (colloquial - a person) (in music) to dampen, to mute, to muffle (particularly with regard to timpani) abdanken (German) to resign, to abdicate (king, queen, etc.) abdankend (German) resigning, abdicating (king, queen, etc.) Abdankung (s.), Abdankungen (pl.) (German f.) resignation, abdication (king, queen, etc.), funeral service ab dann (German) from then on Abdeckband (German n.) masking tape (decorating), cover plate (slide), cover sheet Abdeckcreme (German f.) concealing cream, blemish cream, cover-up cream abdecken (German) to conceal, to mask, to uncover, to clear away abdeckend (German) enveloping, uncovering Abdeckfolie (German f.) cover sheeting Abdeckhaube (German f.) dust cover Abdeckklebeband (German n.) adhesive masking tape Abdeckmasse (German f.) covering material Abdeckpapier (German n.) masking paper Abdeckplane (German f.) covering sheet, tarpaulin, canvas cover, drop cloth Abdecktuch (German n.) dustsheet (decorating) Abdeckung (German f.) barrier, covering, capping, shrouding, mask, cover, access cover Abdeckung des Marktes (German f.) market coverage Abdelazer see 'Behn, Aphra' ab dem Jahre ... (German) as of .... (a particular year, for example 2003) ab dem Zeichen (German) dal segno, from the sign Da Capo Abderian laughter from Abdera (in Thrace), whose citizens were considered rustic simpletons who would laugh at anything or anyone they didn't understand abderitano (m.), abderitana (f.) (Spanish) Abderian, pertaining to Abdera (in Thrace) Abdicación (Spanish f.) abdication, renunciation, resigning, surrendering, demission, quitclaim, renouncing, act of abdicating, act of resigning Abdicante (Spanish m./f.) resigner abdicar (Spanish) to abdicate, to give up, to relinquish, to render up, to resign, to demit, to forsake abdicar a (Spanish) to relinquish abdicar la corona (Spanish) to give up the crown, to relinquish the crown abdicar los derechos (Spanish) to give up one's rights, to relinquish one's rights abdicar para (Spanish) to abdicate in favour of (person) Abdicate (from Latin abdicatus, pp. of abdicare 'disown, disinherit' - specifically abdicare magistratu 'renounce office') to divest oneself of office Abdication (English, French f.) the formal relinquishing of high office, power or responsibility abdicativamente (Spanish) by proxy abdicativo (m.), abdicativa (f.) (Spanish) abdicative, pertaining to abdication Abdicten (German n.) sealing, seal abdicten (German) to isolate, to pack, to seal, to tighten, to seal up, to caulk Abdichtung (s.), Abdichtungen (pl.) (German f.) seal, sealing, jointing, waterproofing, packing Abdikation (German f.) abdication abdingbar (German) modifiable, alterable (by mutual consent), negotiable, alienable abdiquer (French) to abdicate, to cede, to give up, to relinquish, to chuck up (colloquial: an opportunity), to chuck in (colloquial: a job) abdizieren (German) to abdicate Abdomen (English, French m., Spanish m.) also belly, paunch, stomach or tummy; in mammals and other vertebrates the abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity Abdomen from which part of this extract has been taken Abdomen abombado (Spanish m.) bulging abdomen Abdomen de péndulo (Spanish m.) pendulous abdomen Abdomen péndulo (Spanish m.) pendulous abdomen Abdominal (English, Spanish) pertaining to the abdomen, the region of the body also called, in English, the belly or tummy, sit-up (exercise), situp (exercise) abdominales (Spanish pl.: sit-ups (exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles), abdominal muscles) abdominal (English, German, Spanish) of or pertaining to the abdomen abdominal (m.), abdominale (f.) (French) abdominal Abdominalatmung (German f.) abdominal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing Abdominalgia (English, Spanish f.) abdominal pain abdominalmente (Spanish) abdominally abdominell (German) abdominal abdrängen (German) to force back, to push out of the way, to push away Abdreheisen (German n.) turning tool Abdrehen (German n.) turning, lathe machining abdrehen (German) to switch off, to turn off, to twist off, to veer away, to face off (on a lathe), to turn (on a lathe), to skim (on a milling machine, lathe, etc.), to turn a taper profile (using a lathe, etc.), to remove material by turning, to remove material by machining, to turn down (e.g. a thermostat, etc.) abdrehend (German) truning off Abdrift (German f.) leeway, drift Abdruck (German m.) an impression, a print, a reprint, an offprint, a printout, a reproduction, a cast, a copy, a replica, a (dental) cast abdrucken (German) to imprint, to print, to publish, to reproduce, to run off (copies), to overprint, to mould, to mark abdrücken (German) to pull the trigger Abdrückschraube (German f.) set screw Abdrucksrecht (German n.) right of reproduction Abducción (Spanish f.) abduction, kidnapping (for example, by an alien or by a UFO) Abducción de hombro (Spanish f.) side shoulder raise (exercise to develop the deltoid muscles) Abducción de hombro con codo flexionado e inclinado (Spanish f.) bent over shoulder raise (exercise to develop certain deltoid muscle groups) Abducción de hombro en posición inclinada (Spanish f.) bent over shoulder raise (exercise to develop certain deltoid muscle groups) Abducción de hombro inclinado (Spanish f.) bent over shoulder raise (exercise to develop certain deltoid muscle groups) Abducción de hombros con codos flexionados (Spanish f.) lateral raise (shoulder exercise in which the arm is raised and lowered against resistance, such as through use of a dumbbell, cable, or resistance band) abducir (Spanish) to abduct, to abduce, to move away from the axis of the body Abducteur (French m.) a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line abducteur (French) abductor, of or pertaining to a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line Abduction from the Seraglio see Entfuhrung aus dem Serail abductivo (m.), abductiva (f.) (Spanish) forcible Abductor (English, Spanish m.), Abductora (Spanish f.) kidnapper, someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom) (English, Spanish m.) a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line abductor (Spanish) abducent, of or pertaining to a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line abdunkeln (German) to dim (light), to darken, to tone down (colour) Abdunkelungsvorrichtung (German f.) dimmer abdünsten (German) to evaporate Abê a gourd shaker enveloped in beads that features in maracatu nação (also known as maracatu de baque virado) an Afro-Brazilian performance genre Abebben (German n.) fading away abebben (German) to recede, to ebb away, to fade away, to die away, to die down, to abate abebbend (German) ebbing away, fading a beber y a tragar que el mundo se va a acabar (Spanish) eat drink and be merry for tomorrow we die Abecé (Spanish m.) ABC, alphabet (familiar term), rudiments, basics (fundamentals), spelling book, first-reader Abécédaire (French m.) alphabet primer, spelling book Abecedarian hymns a student, new to the art of singing, who intones the notes of a piece of music using the note names, c, d, e, etc. rather than the more correct solfeggio syllables, do, re, me, etc. Abecedarian hymns hymns whose lines or divisions begin with the letters of the alphabet in order. For example, psalm 119 is abecedarian, and its 176 verses are divided into groups of eight, each beginning with (and headed by) a different letter in the Hebrew alphabet Abecedario (Spanish m.) alphabet, ABC, spelling book, speller Abecedario manual (Spanish m.) manual alphabet, dumb alphabet (signed alphabet for the deaf) Abecedario para los sordos (Spanish m.) dumb alphabet (signed alphabet for the deaf) Abedul (Spanish m.) betulaceous trees of the genus Betula Abedul amarillo (Spanish m.) yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) Abedul blanco (Spanish m.) white birch (Betula alba) Abedul blanco de Norte América (Spanish m.) Western paper birch (Betula fontinalis - resembling the paper birch but having brownish bark) Abedul de papel (Spanish m.) paper birch (Betula papyrifera) Abedul negro (Spanish m.) black birch (Betula lenta) Abedul plateado (Spanish m.) silver birch (Betula pendula) Abegg Variations Robert Schumann's op. 1 that employs a figure made up of the five notes a, b flat, e', g', g' which in German pitch names A-B-E-G-G spell the name of the works dedicatee Meta Abegg Variations on the name "Abegg" Abeille (French f.) bee Abeille cirière (French f.) worker (bee) Abeille mâle (French f.) drone (bee) Abeille mère (French f.) queen-bee Abeja (Spanish f.) bee, honey bee Abeja albañila (Spanish f.) mason bee (any of various solitary bees of the family Megachilidae that use clay to build their nests) Abeja carpintera (Spanish f.) carpenter bee (any of various solitary bees of the family Apidae that bore tunnels into wood to lay their eggs) Abeja de miel (Spanish f.) honeybee Abeja doméstica (Spanish f.) honeybee Abeja machiega (Spanish f.) queen bee Abeja madre (Spanish f.) queen bee Abeja maesa (Spanish f.) queen bee Abeja maestra (Spanish f.) queen bee Abeja neutra (Spanish f.) worker bee Abeja obrera (Spanish f.) worker bee, honeybee Abeja pequeña (Spanish f.) small bee Abejar (Spanish m.) beehive, apiary Abeja reina (Spanish f.) queen bee Abejarrón (Spanish m.) bumblebee, humblebee, humble-bee (any of various large, hairy, social bees of the genus Bombus that nest underground) Abejaruco (m.), Abejaruca (f.) (Spanish) bee-eater, gossip, gossipmonger Abejera (Spanish f.) beehive, apiary, lemon balm, garden balm, sweet balm Abejero (m.), Abejera (f.) (Spanish) beekeeper, apiarist, apiculturist, bee-keeper, bee-eater Abejón (Spanish m.) bumblebee, humblebee, humble-bee Abejorreo (Spanish m.) buzzing, buzz, hum, bumbling Abejorro (m.), Abejorra (f.) (Spanish) bumblebee, humblebee, carder bee, cockchafer, humble-bee, bore (perjorative - person) Abejorro zángano (Spanish m.) drone (male bee) abejucado (m.), abejucada (f.) (Spanish) reed-like, rattan-like abejucarse (Spanish) to become reed-like, to become rattan-like Abejuela (Spanish f.) small bee abejuno (m.), abejuna (f.) (Spanish) of or pertaining to a bee or bees, bee-like Abelian (in mathematics) a reference to any of number of different mathematical concepts named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) (historically) one of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence abeliano (m.), abeliana (f.) (Spanish) Abelian abellacado (m.), abellacada (f.) (Spanish) villainous abellacar (Spanish) to debase, to degrade, to make boorish, to make mean abellacarse (Spanish) to become debased, to become degraded, to be made boorish, to be made mean Abellar (Spanish m.) beehive, apiary Abellimento (Italian) embellishment, ornament Abellitura (Italian f.) embellishment, ornament abellotado (m.), abellotada (f.) (Spanish) acorn-shaped (for example, the shape of mouthpiece of a cornett, cornetto, Zink, etc.) Abelmosco (Spanish m.) abelmosk Abelmosk an evergreen shrub (now Hibiscus moschatus, formerly Abelmoschus moschatus), sometimes called musk mallow, of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavour coffee. The seeds, usually referred to as ambrette, are the source of an oil extracted by distillation, that is used as a fixative for perfume abemoladamente (Spanish) sweetly, caressingly, softly abemolar (Spanish) to flatten, to put into a minor key, to mark with a flat (Spanish) to sweeten, to sugarcoat, to soften, to sugar-coat Abencérages, Les the title a reference to the Moorish Abenceragi warriors, a three-act opera by Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) to a libretto by Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy (1764-1846) based on the novel Gonzalve de Cordoue by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian (1755-1794), first performed in Paris in 1813 Les Abencérages Abend (German m.) evening, eve Abendandacht (German f.) evening service, vesper service, evensong Abendanimation (German f.) evening entertainment Abendanzug (German m.) dress suit, dinner jacket Abendausgabe (German f.) evening edition Abendblatt (German n.) daily evening paper, afternoon daily paper Abendbrot (German n.) light evening meal, supper Abendbrot essen (German) to have (high) tea Abenddämmerung (German f.) twilight, dusk, nightfall, gloaming (literary) abendelang (German) for the whole evening, all evening long abendessen (German) to have dinner, to have an evening meal, to have supper, to have dinner Abendessen (German n.) tea (evening meal), supper, dinner Abendessen inbegriffen (German) evening meal included abendfüllend (German) concert length (work), feature-length (film), full-length (opera, movie, etc.) abendfüllender Spielfilm (German m.) full-length (feature) movie (film) abendfüllendes Programm (German n.) full evening's programme Abendgarderobe (German f.) evening clothes (formal), evening attire, evening dress Abendgarderobe Einladung (German f.) black tie invitation Abendgebet (German n.) evening prayer Abendgeläut (German n.) evening bell, evening bells, vesper bell, vesper bells Abendgesellschaft (German f.) soirée (French f.), evening party Abendgesellschaft mit Tanz (German f.) dinner dance Abendglocke (s.), Abendglocken (pl.) (German f.) evening bell, curfew, evening bells, curfew bells Abendglühen (German n.) after-glow, glow in the west after sunset Abendgottesdienst (German m.) vespers, evening service Abendgymnasium (German n.) evening school, night school Abendhimmel (German m.) sky at sunset, evening sky Abendkarte (German f.) evening menu (at a restaurant, etc.) Abendkasse (German f.) box office Abendklasse (s.), Abendklassen (pl.) (German f.) evening class, night class, night school (pl.) Abendkleid (German n.) formal gown, evening dress, evening gown Abendkleid aus (reiner) Seide (German n.) (pure) silk (evening) gown, (pure) silk evening dress Abendkleid mit geschnürtem Rücken (German n.) lace-up back gown Abendkleid mit Nackenträger (or Neckholder) (German n.) halter-neck gown Abendkleid mit Schwalbenschwanz (German n.) fish-tail gown, fishtail gown, fish tail gown Abendkleider (German pl.) evening dresses Abendkleidung (German f.) evening dress Abendkühle (German f.) cool of the evening Abendkurs (s.), Abendkurse (pl.) (German m.) evening class, evening course Abendland (German n.) the Western World, the occident Abendländer (m.), Abendländerin (f.) (German) westerner abendländisch (German) western, occidental, occidentally abendländische Kultur (German f.) western civilization Abendländische Platane (German f.) sycamore (tree) (Platanus occidentalis) abendlich (German) evening, in the evening abendliche Kühle (German f.) chill of evening Abendlicht (German n.) evening light, light at sunset Abendlied (German n.) an evening song or hymn, for example, Vespers [addition by Brian A. Jefferies] Abendluft (German f.) evening air Abendmahl (German n.) Holy Communion, Eucharist, the Lord's supper Abendmahlkelch (German m.) chalice, Communion cup Abendmahlsbrot (German n.) altar bread, Host Abendmahlsfeier (German f.) communion service Abendmahlsgänger (German m.) communicant Abendmahlsgast (German m.) communicant Abendmahlsgemeinschaft (German f.) full communion Abendmahlsgottesdienst (German m.) Communion service Abendmahlskelch (German m.) chalice, Communion cup Abendmahlsteller (German m.) Communion plate Abendmahlstisch (German m.) Communion table Abendmahlswein (German m.) Communion wine Abendmahlzeit (German f.) evening meal Abendmesse (German f.) vespers Abendmusik (German f., literally 'evening music') originating in the seventeenth century, evening music usually of a religious or contemplative nature, the German equivalent of Vespers, applies particularly to a series of Advent concerts started by Franz Tunder (1614-1667), and continued by his son-in-law Dieterich Buxtehude (c.1637-1707), in Lübeck from 1646. Dietrich Buxtehude (c.1637-1707), belongs to the generation of organists before Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), who, like George Frideric Handel (1685-1759), once travelled to Lübeck to hear the master perform at the Marienkirche, where he served as organist for forty years, from 1667 until his death in 1707. He wrote a considerable quantity of music, choral and instrumental, for church use, as well as chamber music and keyboard music of a more secular kind Abendmusik Abendnachrichten (German pl.) evening news Abendpost (German f.) evening mail Abendrobe (German f.) evening gown, evening dress Abendrock (German m.) evening skirt Abendrot (German n.) afterglow, (red) glow of sunset Abendröte (German f.) afterglow, (red) glow of sunset abends (German) in the evening Abendschuh (German m.) evening shoe, dress shoe Abendschule (German f.) nightschool, evening school, evening classes Abendschüler (m.), Abendschülerin (f.) (German) night-school student Abendsegen (German m.) evening prayer Abendsonne (German f.) evening sun, setting sun Abendspaziergang (German m.) evening walk, evening stroll Abendständchen (German n.) serenade Abendstern (German m.) evenstar, vesper, evening star Abendstille (German f.) quiet of the evening Abendstimmung (German f.) evening mood Abendstudium (German n.) evening course Abendstunde (German f.) evening hour Abendtau (German m.) evening dew Abendtoilette (German f.) formal clothes Abendunterricht (German m.) evening classes, night classes Abendunterricht besuchen (German) to attend evening classes Abendveranstaltung (German f.) soirée (French f.), evening party Abendverkauf (German m.) late opening Abend vor Allerheiligen (German m.) Hallowe'en, All Hallow's Eve, Halloween Abendvorstellung (German f.) evening performance Abendwache (German f.) first (evening) watch Abendwind (German m.) evening breeze Abendzeit (German f.) evening, eventide Abendzeitung (German f.) evening paper, evening newspaper, afternoon daily paper Abendzug (German m.) evening train a beneficio de (Spanish) for the benefit of, in aid of a bene placito (Italian) or a piacere (Italian), ad libitum, at will, as you like, at the performer wishes, up to the performer, at (the performer's) pleasure, nach Belieben (German), frei im Vortrag (German), à volonté (French) in music, indicating that the performer may change tempo, add ornamentation or change the instrumentation as he or she wishes Abenteuer (s./pl.) (German n.) adventure, (love) affair, adventurer (male) Abenteuerbuch (German n.) book of adventure stories Abenteuerclub (German m.) adventure club Abenteuerdrang (German m.) spirit of adventure Abenteuerferien (German pl.) adventure holidays Abenteuerfilm (German m.) adventure film, adventure movie Abenteuergeschichte (s.), Abenteuergeschichten (pl.) (German f.) adventure story, tale of adventure Abenteuerin (s.), Abenteuerinnen (pl.) (German f.) adventuress Abenteuerkleidung (German f.) safari clothing Abenteuerleben (German n.) adventurous life, a life of adventure abenteuerlich (German) adventurous, adventurously, venturous, venturously, swashbuckling, rash, bizarrely, fantastically (dressed), hazardous, risky abenteuerliche Gesinnung (German f.) adventurous spirit abenteuerliche Reise (German f.) adventurous journey abenteuerliche Sache (German f.) cloak and dagger operation abenteuerlicher Plan (German m.) wild scheme abenteuerliches Leben (German n.) adventurous life Abenteuerlichkeit (German f.) bizarreness, riskiness, hazardousness Abenteuerlust (German f.) thirst for adventure, spirit of adventure abenteuerlustig (German) adventurous abenteuerlustig sein (German) to have a thirst for adventure Abenteuerroman (German m.) adventure novel Abenteuerstimmung (German f.) sense of adventure Abenteurer (m.), Abenteurerin (f.) (German) adventurer (m./f.), adventuress (f.) Abenteurer mit hohen Zielen (German m.) aspiring adventurer Abenteurergeist (German m.) adventurous spirit Abenteurernatur (German f.) adventurous person, adventurous nature Abenuz (Spanish m.) or ébano (Spanish m.), ebony aber (German) but, however, but for all that aber dafür (German) but on the other hand aber dennoch (German) but yet aberenjenado (m.), aberenjenada (f.) (Spanish) coloured like an aubergine, aubergine coloured, shaped like an aubergine aber es ist so, dass ... (German) but the fact of the matter is that ... Aberglaube (German) superstition, reverence for the unknown abergläubisch (German) superstitious, superstitiously [corrected by Michael Zapf] Aberhunderte (German pl.) hundreds (upon hundreds) Abería (Spanish f.) bush used for quickset hedges Aberínkula the secular batá drums, played at parties and for music and folkloric performances and commercial recordings Aber ja! (German) Yes, indeed! aberkannt (German) denied aberkennen (German) to disallow, to revoke, to deny, to disprove, to disqualify, to confute (in argument), to deprive aberkennend (German) denying Aberkennung (German f.) denial, annulment, cancelation, deprivation, retraction, disallowance, dispossession, revocation abermalig (German) renewed, repeated abermals (German) again, once more, anew, once again, de novo (Latin) Aber natürlich (German) But of course Aber nicht doch! (German) Of course not! aber nicht eilen (German) do not rush aber ohne Erfolg (German) but to no effect Aberración (Spanish f.) aberration, deviation, utter confusion, aberrance, aberrancy, abjection, twistedness, wrongheadedness, stubbornness, bullheadedness, deviant act, twisted act, insanity Aberración axial (Spanish f.) axial aberration Aberración cromática (Spanish f.) chromatic aberration, Newtonian aberration Aberración de colores (Spanish f.) colour aberration Aberración de esfericidad (Spanish f.) spherical aberration Aberración dióptrica (Spanish f.) dioptric aberration (synonymous with spherical aberration) Aberración esférica (Spanish f.) spherical aberration Aberración mental (Spanish f.) mental aberration Aberración newtoniana (Spanish f.) Newtonian aberration (synonymous with chromatic aberration) Aberración por defecto (Spanish f.) drop-out (loss of information in a signal) Aberración por exceso (Spanish f.) drop-in Aberración sexual (Spanish f.) sexual abberation aberrant (English, German) deviating from what is usually considered normal or acceptable (for example, rogue) aberrant (m.), aberrante (f.) (French) aberrant, abnormal, crazy (mad), mad, absurd (story), illogical, nonsensical (story), irregular (linguistics) aberrante (Spanish) aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, deviant, not normal aberrar (Spanish) to err, to be mistaken, to deviate aberrarse (Spanish) to become obdurate aberratio (Latin) abberation Aberration (English, French f., German f., from Latin aberrationem, itself from aberrare 'go astray') deviation from the normal, strange behaviour, lunacy (foolish act) Aberrazione (Italian f.) aberration aberrierend (German) aberrant, aberrantly Abertal (Spanish m.) unfenced agricultural land abertal (Spanish) cracked, full of cracks abertausend (German) thousands upon thousands of abertausende (German) thousands and thousands Abertausende (German pl.) thousands upon thousands abertausendfach (German) a thousand times over Abertura (Spanish f.) opening, aperture, crack (gap), slit, hole, crevice, openness, frankness, large opening, rima (narrow opening) Abertura angular (Spanish f.) angular aperture Abertura automática (Spanish f.) automatic opening Abertura cavernosa (Spanish f.) cavernous opening, maw Abertura de bocina (Spanish f.) horn aperture Abertura de la laringe (Spanish f.) aperture of larynx Abertura de la parte superior de la laringe (Spanish f.) or glotis (Spanish), opening in the upper part of the larinx, glottis Abertura de lente (Spanish f.) lens aperture Abertura del lente (Spanish f.) aperture of the lens Abertura de diafragma (Spanish f.) lens aperture Abertura de dispersión (Spanish f.) scattering aperture Abertura de espíritu (Spanish f.) broad-mindedness Abertura de presa (Spanish f.) sluiceway, spillway Abertura de una lente (Spanish f.) aperture of a lens Abertura de un archivo (Spanish f.) opening of a file Abertura de ventilación (Spanish f.) vent opening, vent, vent hole Abertura efectiva (Spanish f.) effective aperture Abertura grande (Spanish f.) large opening, hole Abertura limitadora (Spanish f.) limiting aperture Abertura máxima efectiva (Spanish f.) maximum effective aperture Abertura pequeña (Spanish f.) small opening, crack, slit, crevice Abertura plana (Spanish f.) plane aperture Abertura profunda (Spanish f.) deep gash Abertura relativa (Spanish f.) relative aperture, lens speed Abertura retardada (Spanish f.) delayed opening Abertura selectiva (Spanish f.) selective opening Abertura superior de la laringe (Spanish f.) aditus laryngis aber und abermals (German) time and again, again and again Aberwitz (German m.) madness, folly, piece of lunacy aberwitzig (German) crazy, cracked (colloquial), ludicrous aber wuchtiger (German) but weightier, heavier Aberystwyth hymn-tune by Joseph Parry published in 1879 to which the words, written by Charles Wesley, 'Jesu, lover of my soul', are sung Aberystwyth (Hymn) Abesana (Spanish f.) first furrow Abesón (Spanish m.) common dill (Anethum graveolens) Abessinien (German n.) Abyssinia Abessinier (m.), Abessinierin (f.) (German) Abyssinian Abessinier (German m.) Abyssinian (breed of cat) Abessinierkatze (German f.) Abyssinian (cat) abessinisch (German) Abyssinian abessinisch-orthodoxe Kirche (German f.) Abyssinian Orthodox Church abestiado (m.), abestiada (f.) (Spanish) beast-like, bestialized abestializado (m.), abestializada (f.) (Spanish) beast-like abestiarse (Spanish) to become an animal, to become a brute, to become brutalized Abéstola (Spanish f.) ploughstaff, plowstaff (US) Abetal (s.), Abetales (pl.) (Spanish m.) fir wood, fir grove, fir forest Abetar (s.), Abetares (pl.) (Spanish m.) fir wood, fir grove, fir forest Abete (Italian m.) fir (tree), wood of the fir tree Abete rosso (Italian m.) or legno di abete rosso (Italian m.), Rot-Tanne (German f.), Fichte (Holz) (German f.), (bois de) sapin (French m.), spruce (wood) Abetinote (Spanish m.) fir tree resin abêtir (French) to turn into a half-wit, to make dull (to make stupid) abêtir, s' see s'abêtir abêtissant (m.), abêtissante (f.) (French) stupefying (work) Abêtissement (French m.) stupidity, mindlessness Abeto (Spanish m.) fir (tree) Abeto albar (Spanish m.) silver fir (especially Abies alba) Abeto amarillo (Spanish m.) or picea del Pacífico (Spanish m.), yellow spruce Abeto balsámico (Spanish m.) balsam fir (Abies balsamea) Abeto blanco (Spanish m.) white fir, silver fir Abeto del Norte (Spanish m.) spruce, red spruce (Picea rubens) Abeto falso (Spanish m.) spruce, red spruce (Picea rubens) Abeto negro (Spanish m.) black spruce (Picea mariana) Abeto plateado (Spanish m.) silver fir Abeto rojo (Spanish m.) red spruce, red fir, spruce Abetuna (Spanish f.) fir sprout, fir tree shoot abetunado (m.), abetunado (f.) (Spanish) pitch-like, tar-like, blackened, blacked, tarred, covered with pitch, covered with tar, polished, very brown abetunar (Spanish) to polish, to polish to a shine (especially shoes) ab extra (Latin) not eminating from the mind Abey (Spanish m.) jacaranda Abeyance temporary disuse Abey hembra (Spanish m.) mimosa Abey macho (Spanish m.) jacaranda Abf. abbreviation of Abfahrt (German: departure) ab Fabrik (German) ex factory, ex works abfahrbar (German) retractable abfahrbereit (German) ready to leave, ready to go, about to depart Abfahren (German n.) shutdown abfahren (German) to set off, to be off, to drive off (car, etc.), to take off, to leave, to start off, to sail, to move off, to shut down (machine, etc.) abfahren nach (German) to sail for abfahren von (German) start from abfahrend (German) departing, outgoing, leaving, outbound (bus, train, etc.) abfahrende Passagiere (German pl.) leaving passengers, departing passangers Abfahrshafen (German m.) port of departure Abfahrsignal (German n.) departure signal Abfahrt (German f.) departure (abbreviation Abf.), departure (of vehicle), descent, start, downhill skiing Abfahrt eines Schiffes (German f.) departure of a ship Abfahrten (German pl.) departures Abfahrtsbahnhof (German m.) departure station Abfahrtsdatum (German n.) date of departure Abfahrtshafen (German m.) port of departure Abfahrtslauf (German m.) downhill race, descent Abfahrtsliste (German f.) sailing list Abfahrtsort (German m.) point of departure Abfahrtsplan der Schiffe (German m.) schedule of sailings Abfahrtssignalflagge der Schiffe (German f.) Blue Peter (signal flag on a ship about to depart from port) Abfahrtstafel (German f.) departures board Abfahrtstag (German m.) day of departure, sailing date Abfahrtszeit (German f.) time of departure, sailing time Abfall (German m.) waste, trash, rubbish, refuse (waste), scrap, spoilage, wastage, chippings, chaffloss, descent, falling, decrease, falling off (of faith) Abfallablagerung (German f.) waste disposal Abfallbehälter (German m.) litter bin, dustbin Abfallbeutel (German m.) refuse bag Abfalldeponie (German f.) refuse dump, rubbish dump, rubbish tip, waste landfill Abfälle (German pl.) litter, debris, off-cuts, cuttings Abfälle anhäufen (German) to accumulate rubbish Abfalleimer (s./pl.) (German m.) bin, rubbish bin, garbage can, trash can abfallen (German) to fall off, to dip, to decay, to descend, to apostatize, to slope, to slope down, to drop down, to drop away, to decrease abfallen auf (German) to descend to abfallend (German) sloping, slanting, falling off, deciduous, apostatising, seceding in a cappella works, especially if the singers are suffering from the effects of "low pressure" weather, the conductor might speak of in der Tonhöhe abfallend, i.e. 'losing pitch'. You know what it's like. Some choir conductors say: "Early in the morning, C sometimes becomes B, and if your luck is out, even B flat!" In that case, of course, the loss of pitch is not intentional. Conductors of orchestras say etwas abfallend, which may refer to an agogic accent, or to an effect of a purely dynamic nature, i.e. 'slight decline in speed or slight decline in strength (loudness)' [comment provided by Brian A. Jefferies] Abfallentsorgung (German f.) waste management, garbage collection, waste disposal Abfallhaufen (German m.) trash pile, rubbish heap Abfallholz (German m.) waste wood, scrap abfällig (German) disparaging, disparagingly, derogative, derogatively, snide, snidely abfällige Bemerkung (German f.) aspersion Abfallkorb (German m.) wastebasket Abfallpapier (German n.) waste paper Abfallstoff (s.), Abfallstoffe (pl.) (German m.) waste product, waste material Abfall vom Glauben (German m.)lapse from faith, apostasy Abfallverwertung (German f.) recycling Abfallzeit (German f.) release abfälschen (German) to deflect Abfangen (German n.) enticing away a customer, interception abfangen (German) to retain, to intercept, to trap, to secure (cable) abfangend (German) intercepting Abfangscheibe (German f.) guard Abfarad (English, Spanish m.) also abF or aF, a unit of capacitance equal to one billion (10^9) farads abfärben (German) to stain abfärbend (German) fading (colour, etc.) abfasen (German) to chamfer abfassen (German) to compose, to draft, to indite, to draw up (to formulate) abfassend (German) composing, drafting, inditing, drawing up (formulating) Abfasser (German m.) composer, author Abfassung (German f.) composition, wording (of a text), drawing up (of a text, document, etc.) Abfassung von Berichten (German f.) writing of reports Abfasung (German f.) chamfer, bevel, bevelling abfedern (German) to cushion abfeilen (German) to file down, to file off abfeilend (German) filing off abfendern (German) to fend off abfertigen (German) to send away, to deal with, to dispatch, to ship abfertigend (German) dispatching Abfertigung (German f.) snub, dispatch, processing Abfertigungen (German pl.) dispatches Abfertigungsgebühr (s.) Abfertigungsgebühren (pl.) (German f.) clearance fee, servicing fee, dispatch fee Abfertigungshalle (German f.) check-in area, terminal building Abfertigungspapiere (German pl.) clearance papers Abfertigungsschalter (German m.) dispatch counter, check-in desk, check-in counter, customs clearance (office) Abfertigungsstelle (German f.) dispatch office abfetten (German) to degrease abfeuern (German) to fire off, to let off, to fire abfeuernd (German) firing off abfiltrieren (German) to filter out Abfindung (s.), Abfindungen (pl.) (German f.) (monetary) compensation, severance payment (payment on loss of job), commutation, pay-off, gratuity, financial settlement, lump-sum settlement [additional information provided by Brian A. Jefferies] Abfindungssumme (German f.) amount of compensation Abfindungsvertrag (German m.) deed of settlement, termination agreement Abfindungswert (German m.) amount payable on settlement Abfindungszahlung bei Entlassung (German m.) severance payment, redundancy payment ABfl abbreviation of Alt-Blockflöte (German: alto or treble recorder - flûte à bec alto (French)) abflachen (German) to provide a flat surface, to face, to bottom out, to flatten, to machine a surface flat abflachend (German) levelling, flattening Abflachung (German f.) flat section, flat portion, flattening Abflauen (German n.) abatement, tailing off abflauen (German) to die down (wind, applause), to slack off, to calm down (wind) , to wane, to decline, to slump, to subside, to tail away, to abate, to tail off abflauend (German) waning abfliegen (German) to start abfliegend (German) taking off, outbound Abfließen (German n.) drain abfließen (German) to empty out, to flow off, to drain off, to run off abfließen lassen (German) to drain, to drain away abfließend (German) draining off abflöten (German) to play on the flute Abflug (s.), Abflüge (pl.) (German m.) take-off, departure, start abflugbereit (German) ready for departure Abflughafen (German m.) airport of departure Abflughalle (German f.) departure lounge, departure hall Abflugplan (German m.) schedule of departure Abflugschalter (German m.) check-in desk Abflugtermin (German m.) departure date Abflugterminal (German n.) departure terminal Abfluss (German m.) outlet (of lake), run-off, effluent, drainage, drain, discharge Abfolge (German f.) order, array, series, sequence, succession abfordern (German) to requisition abfordernd (German) demanding Abformtechnik (German f.) moulding method Abformwerkzeug (German n.) moulding tool abfotografieren (German) to photograph abfotografiert (German) photographed Abfrage (German f.) polling, query, prompt, detection, survey, enquiry, request, recitation, interrogation, retrieval Abfragen (German n.) scanning abfragen (German) to quiz, to retrieve, to enquire, to interrogate, to poll, to scan, to sample, to request, to query, to carry out abfragend (German) quizzing, questioning Abfragesprache (German f.) query language Abfragesystem (German n.) retrieval system Abfrageverfahren (German n.) polling method abfräsen (German) to mill off, to bevel, to chamfer abfrottieren (German) to rub down (person) Abfühlen (German n.) sensing abfühlen (German) to read, to sense Abfuhr (German f.) carriage, removal, put-down, rebuff Abführung (German f.) payment