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ETH (Switzerland) abbreviated form of Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (German: Federal Institute of Technology) Eth a letter used in Old English and Middle English that have fallen out of use in Modern English. It represented a consonant sound akin to the "th" in thin, thigh, or with eth. abbreviated form of 'ether', 'ethical', 'ethics', ethic' Ether quintessence, the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water, which was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies a colourless volatile highly inflammable liquid formerly used as an inhalation anesthetic Ethereal light, airy, highly delicate (especially in appearance), heavenly Etheromania a mania for ether, in particular the practice of imbibing ether (more correctly known as diethyl ether) for recreational purposes Ethic a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct that are accepted by an individual or a social group Ethical of or pertaining to morals (especially, as concerning human conduct), morally correct, (of a drug, etc.) not advertised to the general public (and usually available only on prescription) Ethical egoism also called simply egoism, the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest Ethic dative in Latin and some other languages, the use of the dative case of a pronoun to signify that the person (or thing) being referred to is regarded with interest Ethicism a doctrine that ethics and ethical ideas are valid and important Ethicist a philosopher who specialises in ethics Ethics a major branch of philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life. It is significantly broader than the common conception of analysing right and wrong Ethik (German f.) ethics Ethiker (s./pl.) (German m.) ethicist Ethik-Kodex (German m.) code of ethics Ethikkodex (German m.) code of ethics Ethiopian native or national of Ethiopia in North East Africa, a person of Ethiopian descent of or pertaining to Ethiopia Ethiopian chant the most important book of the Ethiopian Church, the Diggua, is the Collection of Church Hymns compiled by Saint Yared, the greatest of all Ethiopian scholar/musicians, who lived during the reign of King Gebre Meskel (476-571) the Diggua consists of two parts specific hymns celebrating holy persons and things (holidays, etc.) hymns of a general character, such as hymns for the ordinary days of the week other hymns employing ekphonetic notation: mi'eraf a collection of hymns and chants for the year mewas'it a book of religious anthems for the year igzer negs chants for Saints' days guba'e melk a collection of general chants Music in Black Jewish and Christian Communities Ethio-jazz (Ethiopia) a generic term given to urban Ethiopian music that appeared in the 1960s under the influence of rhythm and blues Ethiopian airs (Ethiopian is used here to mean 'black') a term applied to the music performed in minstrel shows and to Negro spirituals, including their instrumental and harmonic accompaniment Ethiopian chant canto etiopico (Italian), Äthiopische Gesang (German), chant éthiopien (French), canto etiope (Spanish) Ethiopian church music church music in Ethiopia goes back to St Yared in the 6th century who is said to have been influenced in his compositions by the song of the birds. It uses a pentatonic scale and while Middle Eastern in character it differs from Coptic music. There was no notation until the 16th century. It is mostly restrained and slow and in strophic and ametric form. It also includes the hymns performed by the debteras at the end of Mass and the use of drums, sistra and prayer-sticks Music is performed without anybooks The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and its Monastic tradition from which this extract has been taken Ethiopian Serenaders, The a blackface minstrel troupe from the 1840s Ethiopian Serenaders Éthique (French f.) ethics éthique (French) ethical ethisch (German) ethic, ethical, ethically ethische Aspekte (German pl.) ethical aspects ethische Begutachtung (German f.) ethical review ethischer Berater (German m.) moral adviser ethischer Egoismus (German m.) ethical egoism ethische Überlegungen (German pl.) ethical aspects ethisch-politisch (German) ethico-political ethisch vertretbar (German) ethical Ethnarch (English, German m.) the ruler of a province (as in the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire) or certain religious rulers with secular authority Ethnic used to describe a culture that is different from the "dominant" culture, in terms including language and linguistics, race, religion, national origin, and various combinations of these factors. An ethnic group is a subculture, usually based on shared traditions and characteristics. Ethnicity is different from race per se in that, while race denotes biological traits, ethnicity is used to describe cultural traits that may well cross racial lines Louisiana Voices from which this extract has been taken Ethnic dance a term synonymous with 'folk dance' Ethnic dialect a dialect used by a racial or national group, as opposed to a caste dialect or regional dialect Ethnicity an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties Ethnic modes the 'ecclesiastical modes' Ethnie (French f.) ethnic group Ethnie (s.), Ethnien (pl.) (German f.) ethnicity, ethnos, ethnic group ethnique (French) ethnic ethnisch (German) ethnic, ethnical, ethnically ethnische Abstammung (German f.) ethnic background ethnische Beziehungen (German pl.) race relations ethnische Herkunft (German f.) ethnic roots, ethnic background ethnische Minderheit (German f.) ethnic minority ethnischer Konflikt (German m.) ethnic conflict ethnische Säuberung (German f.) ethnical cleansing, ethnic cleansing ethnisch gemischt (German) multi-racial Ethnisierung (German f.) ethnicizing Ethnizität (German f.) ethnicity Ethnoarchaeology the ethnographic study of peoples for archaeological reasons, usually focusing on the material remains of a society, rather than its culture. The term "ethno-archaeologist" was coined in about 1900 by Jesse Fewkes Ethnoarchäologie (German f.) ethnoarchaeology Ethnobotanik (German f.) ethnobotany Ethnobotany the scientific study of the relationships that exist between people and plants Ethnocentrism the attitude that one's own cultural assumptions are superior and should be used to judge others Ethnocide intentional and systematic destruction of an ethnic culture ethnog. abbreviated form of 'ethnography' Ethnogenese (German f.) ethnogenesis Ethnogenesis the process by which a group of human beings comes to be understood or to understand themselves as ethnically distinct from the wider social landscape from which their grouping emerges Ethnograf (German m.) ethnographer Ethnografie (German f.) ethnography ethnografisch (German) ethnographical, ethnographic, ethnographically Ethnograph (m.), Ethnografin (f.) (German) ethnographer Ethnographic material material originating in any culture still living or known through relatively recent history when that material is the concern of ethnographic or ethnological study, for example, musical instruments Ethnographie (German f.) ethnography ethnographisch (German) ethnographical, ethnographic, ethnographically Ethnography a study of culture and cultural processes through the use of ethnographic material Ethno House 'house' music fused with elements of world music ethnol. abbreviated form of 'ethnology', 'ethnological' Ethnolect a variety of a language spoken by a certain ethnic/cultural subgroup and serves as a distinguishing mark of social identity. The term combines the concepts of an ethnic group and dialect Ethnolekt (German m.) ethnolect Ethnologe (m.), Ethnologin (f.) (German) ethnologist Ethnologie (German f.) ethnology ethnologisch (German) ethnologic, ethnological Ethnologismus (German m.) ethnologism Ethnology the comparative study of peoples Ethnomusicologie (French f.) ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology a term first used by Jaap Kunst (1891-1960) but which as an academic discipline began in the late nineteenth century, the study of music as a cultural phenomenon, the anthropology of music, a term usually applied to the study of non-Western musical forms and their cultural associations, also called 'world musicology' Ethnomusikologie (German f.) ethnomusicology Ethnonationalism or ethnic nationalism, a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity Ethnonationalismus (German m.) ethnonationalism Ethnophaulism ethnic slur, derogatory ethnic label Ethnophaulismus (s.), Ethnophaulismen (pl.) (German m.) derogatory ethnic label, ethnophaulism, ethnic slurs Ethos in ancient Greek music, the term ethos designated the particular character of each of various modes. The Dorian was thought to be 'manly and strong'; the Phrygian, 'ecstatic and passionate'; the Lydian, 'feminine and lascivious'; the Mixolydian, 'sad and mournful'. Today, we would use the term when discussing the character of a piece rather than of a scale (Greek, literally 'custom' or 'character') the underlying character (as opposed to transient moods) of a person depicted in an opera ethnosozial (German) ethnosocial Ethnosoziologie (German f.) social anthropology ethnozentrisch (German) ethnocentric Ethnozentrismus (German m.) ethnocentrism Ethnozid (German m./n.) ethnocide Ethogram in ethology, an ethogram is a catalogue of the discrete behaviors typically employed by a species Ethogramm (German n.) ethogram Ethologe (German m.) ethologist Ethologie (German f.) ethology ethologisch (German) ethological Ethology the branch of zoology that studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats Ethos (English, German n.) the disposition, character, or fundamental values peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement (German n.) ethic Ethoxylinharz (s.), Ethoxylinharze (pl.) (German n.) epoxy resin Éthylisme (French m.) alcoholism Etic see 'emic' Etichetta (Italian f.) docket, tally, ticket (Italian f.) Zettel (German m.), étiquette (French f.), label - as found in a violin, etc., showing the date of completion, the name of the maker, the number of the instrument, and so on (Italian f.) etiquette (conventional rules of social behaviour or professional conduct) Etikett (German n.) etiquette, sticker, tab, label, adhesive label, tag, ticket, price tag Etikettangaben (German pl.) label information Etikette (s.), Etiketten (Austria, Switzerland pl.) (German f.) etiquette, decorum, label (Austria), tag (Austria, Switzerland) Etikettendruck (German m.) label printing Etikettendrucker (German m.) label printer Etikettenspender (German m.) label dispenser Etikettieranlage (German f.) labelling machine, label applicator Etikettierautomat (German m.) label applicator etikettieren (German) to label, to tag etikettierend (German) labelling Etikettiergerät (German n.) labelling machine Etikettierklebstoff (German m.) label adhesive, labelling adhesive Etikettiermaschine (German f.) labelling machine etikettiert (German) labelled Etikettierung (German f.) classification, labelling Etikettierungsvorschriften (German pl.) labelling regulations Etimasia (Greek, literally 'preparation of a throne') empty throne of Christ awaiting the Second Coming Etimasie (German f.) etimasia Et incarnatus (Latin) a portion of the Credo étincelant (French) sparkling étinceler (French) to sparkle Étincelle (s.), Étincelles (pl.) (French f.) spark(s), the title of many pieces of technically dazzling piano music Etiolement (German n.) etiolation etiolieren (German) to etiolate etioliert (German) etiolated Etiological narrative an etiological narrative in folklore, mythology/religion, or literature is a story that explains how a social custom, geographical feature, animal, or plant came into existence Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken Etiology the branch of philosophy dealing with the origins of things or how things came to be the study of the causes of disease étiqueter (French) to label Etiquette (English, from the French) conventional rules of social behaviour or professional conduct Étiquette (French f.) etiquette (conventional rules of social behaviour or professional conduct) (French f.) Zettel (German m.), etichetta (Italian f.), label - as found in a violin, etc., showing the date of completion, the name of the maker, the number of the instrument, and so on etliche (German) a number of, quite a few, quite a number of, several etlichemal (German) several times etliches (German) a number of things Etmal (German n.) nautical day étnico (Spanish) ethnic Étoffe (French f.) fabric Étoile (French f.) star, a design in the shape of a star, the intersection of streets radiating from a point (French f.) the highest rank a dancer may hold in the Paris Opera Eton Choirbook (also known as the Eton Manuscript) a magnificent manuscript of English sacred music copied for use at Eton College between 1490 and 1502. It contains nine Magnificat settings and 29 motets, primarily votive antiphons ­ the types of music that would have been sung at evening services at the college. The florid and rhythmically complex music contrasts markedly with the prevailing style on the continent at this time Eton Choirbook Eton Choirbook from which this extract has been taken Eton-Kragen (German m.) Eton collar (starched, turned-down) etonner (French) to start singing étonner (French) to amaze étonnant (m.), étonnante (f.) (French) amazing Étonnement (French m.) amazement étouffant (m.), étouffante (f.) (French) stifling Étouffé in cooking, to stew or slowly cook étouffé (m.), étouffée (f.) (French) dampened, muffled, muted, stiffled étouffer (French, literally 'to stifle') to dampen, to mute, to muffle (noise), to suffocate, to stifle (revolt, emotional response), to smother (fire) étouffer apres chaque coup (French) to dampen after each beat étouffement avec la paume, l' (French) palm mute étouffez (French, literally 'damp') dampen, mute, choke (the sound) Étouffoir (French m.) damper (for example, on a piano) Étourderie (French f.) thoughtlessness, heedlessness, a thoughtless act, a blunder Étourdi (m.), Étourdie (f.) (French) scatter-brain (a person) étourdi (m.), étourdie (f.) (French) unthinking, thoughtless, scatter-brained étourdir (French) to stun, to make dizzy étourdissant (m.), étourdissante (f.) (French) stunning Étourdissement (French m.) dizzy spell Étourneau (s.), Étourneaux (pl.) (French m.) starling et quelque(s) (French) a bit (after/over), as in 4 heures et quelques (French: a bit after 4) étrange (French) strange étrangement (French) strangely Étranger (m.), Étrangère (f.) (French) foreigner, stranger étranger (m.), étrangère (f.) (French) foreign (of another country), strange, unfamiliar Étrangeté (French f.) strangeness étrangler (French) to strangle, to stifle Être (French m.) being (person, creature) être (French) to be, to have (as auxiliary to a verb) être à la charge de (French) to be the responsibility of être à la page (French) be up to date être abattu (m.), être abattue (f.) (French) to be in low spirits, to be cast down être à quai (French) to be alongside (boat, ship: the quay, the dock), to be in (train: the station, the platform) être attaché à (French) to be attached to (love) être bègue (French) to stammer être censé faire (French) to be supposed to do être cloué au lit (French) to be confined to one's bed être collé à (French) to fail (exam) être dans son droit (French) to be in the right être dans son tort (French) to be in the wrong être dans tous ses états (French) to be in a state être d'avis que (French) to be of the opinion that être de bon augure (French) to be a good sign être de bonne foi (French) to be acting in good faith être de mauvais augure (French) to be a bad sign être de mauvaise foi (French) to be acting in bad faith être dépensier (French) to be a spendthrift être désolé (French) to be sorry être destiné à faire (French) to be intended to do, to be destined to do être donné par (French) to be given by être échaudé (French) to get one's fingers burnt être en équilibre (French) to balance (person), to be balanced (object) être en évidence (French) to be conspicuous être ex aequo (French) to be equally placed être fait par (French) to be done by être fier de (French) to pride oneself on Être humain (French m.) human being étreindre (French) to grasp, to embrace (a friend) Étreinte (French f.) grasp, embrace être juste (French) be just être juste avec (French) right with être juste ce qu'il faut (French) be just the thing être le fer de lance de ... (French) to spearhead ... (figurative) être l'objet de désir de ... (French) to be the object of ...'s desire être malade de jalousie (French) to be green with envy être médecin (French) to be a doctor étrenner (French) use for the first time Étrennes (French f. pl.) New Year's gifts (the singular form is rarely used) être sur la brèche (French) to be on the go être témoin de (French) to be a witness to être tiré à quatre épingles (French) to be dressed up to the nines être titulaire (French) to have tenure être titulaire de (French) to hold être très fier de (French) to take a pride in être tuberculeux (m.), être tuberculeuse (f.) (French) to have tuberculosis Étrier (French m.) stirrup, a climbing iron (mountaineering, rock climbing) étriqué (French) tight, small-minded (figurative) étroit, étroite (French) narrow, tight (clothes), close (observation, etc.) étroitement (French) closely Étroitesse (French f.) narrowness Etrurien (German n.) Etruria Etruscan native of Etruria, language of Etruria of ancient Etruria in Italy Etrusker (s./pl.) (German m.) Etruscan etruskisch (German) Etruscan Etruskische Riviera (German f.) Etruscan Riviera et seq. also et seqq., abbreviation of et sequens (Latin: and the following), et sequentes (Latin: and those that follow) et sequens (Latin) and the following et sequentes (Latin) and those that follow, and the following (chapeters, pages, lines, etc.) et sequentia (Latin) and those that follow, and the following (chapeters, pages, lines, etc.) et sqq. also et seq., abbreviated form of et sequentes or et sequentia (Latin: and the following (pages, etc.)) Ett (Swedish) one etta see etto Ettacordo (Italian m.) synonymous with eptacordo etto (m.), etta (f.) an Italian final diminitive, as, for example, tromba, 'trumpet', trombetta, 'little trumpet' et tout ce qui s'ensuit (French) and so on Ettstruket c (Swedish) the note 'middle C' Etüde (s.), Etüden (pl.) (German f.) etude, étude, study, exercise Étude (French f.) (a room or space) study, office (French f.) Etüde (German f.), a study, and exercise, a piece written for the purposes of practicing or displaying technique. The Italian composer Girolamo Diruta (c.1554-after 1610) included some of the earliest examples of the étude in his treatise Il transilvano Étude Étude de concert (French f.) a study designed for public performance as opposed to private practice Étude des functions (French f.) functional harmony Étudiant (m.), Étudiante (f.) (French) student étudier (French) to study etuhele (Finnish) appoggiatura Etui (German n.) (instrument) case (for a flute, oboe, etc.), a small pocket case for holding needles and other small objects, astuccio (Italian), custodia (Italian - for a violin, etc.), Kasten (German - for a violin, cello, etc.), étui (French), housse (French - case or cover) Etui (s.), Etuis (pl.) (German n.) case, pencil-case Étui (French m.) (instrument) case, a small pocket case for holding needles and other small objects, astuccio (Italian), custodia (Italian), Kasten (German - for a violin, cello, etc.), Etui (German - for a flute, oboe, etc.), housse (French - case or cover) Etuikleid (German n.) sheath dress, shift dress Etuirock (German m.) sheath skirt Étuve (French f.) steamroom, hothouse étuvée (French) cooked in own juices et ux. abbreviated form of et uxor (Latin: and wife) ETV abbreviated form of 'educational television' Et vitam (Latin) part of the Credo etwa (German) perhaps, about, approximate, approximately, by any chance, roughly, circa, approximately, or so, some (roughly), for instance, for example etwa 1995 (German) in about 1995 etwa 20 Bücher (German) about twenty books, some twenty books etwa 40 Jahre alt sein (German) to be about forty etwa am 10. April (German) on or about April 10th etwa da (German) thereabout etwa drei an der Zahl (German) about three of them etwa eine Meile (German) a mile or so etwa eine Stunde (German) about an hour etwa entsprechen (German) to correspond approximately etwa fünf Pfund (German) about five pounds etwa fünftausend Dollar (German) around five thousand dollars etwa genauso hoch wie (German) about as high as etwa gleichzeitig (German) (at) around the same time etwa halb so teuer sein wie ... (German) to be about half the price of ... etwa hundert (German) a hundred or so etwaig (German) possible, potentially (possibly) etwaige (German) eventual etwaige ... (German) any ... that may arise (objections, costs, difficulties etc.) etwaige entgegenstehende Vereinbarungen (German pl.) any agreement to the contrary etwaige Mängel (German pl.) any faults (which might arise) etwaige Verzögerungen (German) possible delays etwa im Alter von fünf Jahren (German) at the age of about five, at about five years of age etwas (German) some, something, somewhat, rather, somewhere, a little, any, slightly, a thing, a trifle, poco, anything etwas abfallend see abfallend etwas abseits (German) beside, slightly away from Etwas als ein Sakrileg betrachten. (German) To consider something sacrilege. etwas an Schärfe verlieren (German) to lose a bit of sharpness etwas an sich haben (German) to partake of something (quality, character) etwas anderes machen (German) to do something else etwas anderes anziehen (German) to change into other clothes etwas andres machen (German) to do something else etwas angetrunken sein (German) to be a bit drunk etwas anrüchig (German) not quite respectable etwas Anstand zeigen (German) to show a little decency etwas aufpolieren (German) to vamp up etwas aus seinem Leben machen (German) to make something of one's life etwas außerhalb (German) a little distance outside etwas aus sich machen (German) to make something of oneself etwas ausmachen (German) to make a difference, to matter etwas auszusetzen haben an (...) (German, dated) to find fault with (...) etwas befürchtend (German) in apprehension of etwas beleidigt (German) a trifle annoyed etwas Besonderes (German n.) something special etwas besser (German) a little better, slightly better etwas besser so lassen wie es ist (German) to leave well enough alone etwas bewegter (German) rather more movement, somewhat faster [entry extended by Brian A. Jefferies] etwas bewegter schnell (German) a little quicker etwas bewirken (German) to make a difference etwas billiger werden (German) to become somewhat cheaper etwas blass (German) palish etwas breiter (German) a little more broadly, somewhat more broadly, slower, meno mosso (Italian) etwas Brot (German) a little bit of bread etwas Charakteristisches (German) formant etwas daneben sein (German) to be a little off etwas dazulernen (German) to learn something new etwas Derartiges (German) something of the like, something of the sort etwas dick (German) thickish etwas dunkel (German) darkish etwa sechs (German) sixish (colloquial) etwas eigenartig (German) a little odd etwas eitel sein (German) to be a bit vain etwas empfinden (German) to be sensible of etwas entmutigend (German) somewhat discouraging etwas enttäuschend (German) somewhat disappointing etwas Erholung (German) a little break etwas Essbares (German) something to eat, something edible etwas falsch machen (German) to go wrong etwas falsch verstehen (German) to get a wrong idea etwas feucht (German) dampish etwas feuchte Zimmer (German pl.) dampish rooms etwas früher (German) a little earlier, a shade early etwas für Kenner (German) an acquired taste etwas für sein Geld bekommen (German) to get one's money's worth etwas für seine Bildung tun (German) to improve one's mind etwas fürs Auge sein (German) to be nice to look at etwas ganz Alltägliches sein (German) to be an everyday occurrence etwas ganz anderes (German) something quite different, quite another matter etwas geheim halten (German) to keep a secret etwas gewöhnungsbedürftig sein (German) to take some getting used to etwas groß (German) on the large side etwas Gutes verheißen (German) to bode well, to augur well etwas heller (German) a shade lighter etwas hermachen (German) to look impressive etwas hervortretend (German) somewhat more emphasised, more emphasised etwas hinzuverdienen (German) to earn a bit extra etwas im Auge behalten (German) to keep a lid on something etwas in der Art (German) something of the kind etwas in die Jahre gekommen (German) ageing etwas in dieser Art (German) something along these lines etwas in dieser Richtung (German) something along these lines etwas in petto haben (German) to have a card up one's sleeve etwas irreführend (German) slightly misleading Etwas ist dazwischen gekommen. (German) Something cropped up. etwas kleiner (German) a little smaller etwas knapp an (German) a little short of etwas Knoblauch (German) a touch of garlic etwas komplizieren (German) to involve etwas kühl (German) coolish etwas kühler (German) somewhat cooler etwas kurz (German) shortish etwas kurz betrachten (German) to take a quick look at something etwas kurz geraten (German) a little on the short side etwas länger (German) a little bit longer, a little longer, a while longer etwas langsam (German) rather slow etwas langsamer (German) a little slower, rather slower etwas lebhafter (German) a little more lively, somewhat more lively Etwas liegt in der Luft. (German) Something's up. etwas Makeup auftragen (German) to apply some makeup etwas mehr (German) a little more, a shade more etwas missverständlich (German) a bit ambiguous etwas müde (German) a bit tired Etwas muss getan werden. (German) Something must be done. etwas näher kommen (German) to come a little nearer etwas nahestehend (German) vaguely affiliated etwas Neues (German) a first etwas nur von außen beurteilen (German) to judge a book by its cover etwa so ... (German) something like this ... etwas Ordentliches zum Anziehen (German) some decent clothes etwas per Post zustellen (German) to post something etwas pfiffig (German) smartish etwas riskieren (German) to take a chance, to take a risk etwas roh (German) rawish etwas säuerlich (German) tartish etwas scharf (German) sharpish Etwas schießt mir durch den Kopf. (German) Something leaps in my mind. etwas Schlaf nachholen (German) to catch up on some sleep etwas schließen (German) to close something down etwas Schmerzen (German pl.) some pain etwas schneller (German) a little faster, somewhat faster etwas schwächer (German) a little weaker, somewhat weaker etwas seltsam (German) a bit queer, oddish etwas sonderbar (German) oddish etwas spät (German) latish etwas später (German) a little later, a while later etwas spät kommen (German) to arrive somewhat late etwas spitz (German) peakish Etwas stimmt nicht. (German) Something is not right. etwas stumpf (German) bluntish etwas taugen (German) to be good, to be worth one's salt (figurative) etwas teurer (German) a bit on the expensive side etwas todernst meinen (German) to be in deadly earnest etwas traurig (German) saddish etwas über (German) a shade over, just over etwas über der Marke (German) a little over etwas überzogen (German) a bit overdone etwas umsonst tun (German) to do something for love (figurative) etwas unklar (German) a bit vague etwas Unmögliches machen wollen (German) to want to put a square peg into a round hole etwas unter (German) a shade under, just under etwas unternehmen (German) to take action etwas Unüberlegtes tun (German) to do something rash etwas üppig (German) ample (euphemistic: fat, full-figured) etwas verbrechen (German) to commit a crime etwas vermerken (German) to make a note of something etwas verrückt sein (German) to be a bit crazy, to be a bit touched (colloquial) etwas verschönern (German) to smarten up etwas verwirrt (German) somewhat perplexed etwas viel Schlimmeres (German) something much worse etwas völlig anderes (German) something else entirely, another kettle of fish altogether etwas völlig verkehrt auffassen (German) to get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick etwas vollständig erfassen (German) to wrap one's mind around something etwas vom Thema abweichen (German) to be slightly off-topic etwas von einem Glas abschlagen (German) to chip a glass etwas voranbringen (German) to bring forth something etwas vorwärts gehend (German) a little faster, somewhat faster, poco più mosso etwas warm (German) warmish etwas weich (German) softish etwas weiter (German) a little further on etwas weiter zurück (German) a little way back etwas weniger (German) a little less, a shade less etwas weniger als (German) a little less than, a shade less than etwas Werbung (German) a little bit of advertising etwas Wertloses (German) sow's ear etwas wie das (German) anything like that etwas zu beanstanden haben an ... (German) to find fault with ... etwas zu gewärtigen haben (German) to be in for something etwas zu groß (German) a trifle too large etwas zu knapp (German) a little too small etwas zu lang (German) a bit long etwas zu offensichtlich (German) a bit too obvious etwas zurückhaltend (German) holding back the tempo somewhat etwas zu sich selbst sagen (German) to soliloquise etwas zu tief ins Glas geschaut haben (German) to have had a drop too much (to drink) etwas zu viel (German) a little too much etwas zum Abschluss bringen (German) to wrap something up (colloquial) etwas zum Knobeln (German) something to puzzle over etwas zur Bedingung machen (German) to make it a condition etwas zur falschen Zeit tun (German) to sing the Magnificat at matins etwas zurückhaltend sein (German) to be a bit secretive etwas zuviel (German) a bit too much etwa tausend (German) a thousand or so (colloquial) etwa um ... Uhr (German) ... o'clockish (colloquial) etwa um 2 Uhr (German) at about 2 o'clock etwa um acht Uhr (German) round about eight etwa um diese Zeit (German) at about that time etwa um Mitternacht (German) at about midnight etwa um vier Uhr (German) at around four o'clock etwa um zwei (Uhr) (German) around two etwa von meiner Größe (German) about my size etwa zehn (German) tennish (colloquial) etwa zwanzig (German) about twenty etwa zwei Drittel des Weges (German) about two thirds of the way etwa zwölf Uhr mittags (German) noonish (colloquial) etwelche (German) some etwelchermaßen (German, dated) at least to some degree ety. or etym. or etymol., abbreviated form of 'etymological', 'etymologist', 'etymology' Etymological pertaining to the study of the origin of words, and of their derivation and development in form and meaning Etymological respelling revising spelling to reflect or match how a word's etymon was spelled, or the actual word so altered. For instance, the words debt and doubt gained their silent /b/ letters in the Renaissance when revisionists/reactionaries wanted to "correct" the Middle English spellings (det and dout) to match the Latin roots, debitum and dubitare Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken Etymologie (French f., German f.) etymology Etymologiewörterbuch (German n.) dictionary of etymology (giving a history of a word) etymologisch (German) etymological, etymologically etymologische Figur (German f.) figura etymologica etymologisches Wörterbuch (German n.) etymological dictionary Etymologist a person whose study is the origin of words, and their derivation and development in form and meaning Etymology the study of the origin of words, and of their derivation and development in form and meaning Etymon (s.), Etyma (pl.) (Latin from Greek) the primitive form of a word, the original from which a newer word is derived Etymotic true to the ear (in other words, of or pertaining to a frequency response identical to that of the human ear) etymotisch (German) etymotic (frequency response) Et-Zeichen (German n.) ampersand (&) EU abbreviation of États-Unis (French: United States, US), Estados Unidos (Spanish: United States, US) abbreviation of 'European Union' É.-U. abbreviation of États-Unis (French: United States) EUA abbreviation of États-Unis d'Amérique (French: United States of America, USA), Estados Unidos de América (Spanish: United States of America, USA), Estados Unidos da América (Portuguese: United States of America, USA) É.-U.A. abbreviation of États-Unis d'Amérique (French: USA, United States of America) Euba a variation on the Puerto Rican bomba see bomba Euboea the name of four women in Greek mythology #Euboea or Calchis, a naiad, daughter of the Boeotian river-god Asopus and of Metope a Greek island just off the eastern coast of Greece in the Aegean Sea Euböa (German n.) Euboea Euboea-Fieber (German n.) Q fever Euc. or Eucl., abbreviation of 'Euclid' (c.330-c.275 BC), Greek mathematician Eucalipto (Spanish m., Italian m.) eucalyptus Eucalyptus (English, French m.) a genus of tall evergreen trees from Australia, from which an oil with antiseptic properties is extracted Eucaristia (Italian f.) Eucharist euch (German) you (informal: plural direct and indirect object), yourselves (informal: direct or indirect object), ye (archaic, poetic) euch alle (German) all of you Eucharist one of the seven Christian sacraments and the principal ritual of the church, in which bread and wine is transformed into the body and blood of Christ; the ritual must be administered by a priest Eucharistie (German f.) Holy Communion Eucharistiefeier (German f.) Eucharistic mass Eucharistiegebet (German n.) Eucharistic Prayer Eucharistielehre (German f.) theology of the Eucharist Eucharistiepraxis (German f.) communion practice eucharistisch (German) eucharistical eucharistische Liturgie (German f.) eucharistic liturgy eucharistisches Opfer (German n.) eucharistic sacrifice euch selbst (German) yourselves (informal: direct or indirect object) Euclid also known as Euclid of Alexandria, a Greek mathematician and is often referred to as the "Father of Geometry." He was active in Hellenistic Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323-283 BC). His Elements is the most successful textbook and one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century Euclid from which this extract has been taken Euclid's Elements a mathematical and geometric treatise consisting of 13 books written by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria circa 300 BC Eudaimonism (Greek word commonly translated as 'happiness') also eudaemonism or eudemonism, a system of ethics that evaluates actions in terms of their capacity to produce happiness Eudaimonismus (German m.) eudaimonism, eudaemonism, eudemonism Eudaimonia wellbeing, a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous Eudämonie (German f.) eudaimonia, eudaemonia or eudemonia Eudämonismus (German m.) eudaimonism, eudaemonism, eudemonism eudämonistisch (German) eudaimonistic, eudaemonistic, eudemonistic EUDISED abbreviation of 'European Documentation and Information Service for Education' eu égard à (French) in view of euer (German) your (informal plural) Euer Ehren (German) Your Honour (title) Euer Ehrwürden (German) Your Magnificence (address for an abbot) Euer Gnaden! (German) Your Worship! Euer Hochwürden (German) your Reverence Euer Hoheit (German) Your Highness Euer Majestät (German) Your Majesty Eufemismo (Spanish m., Italian m.) euphemism Eufonia (Italian f.) euphony eufonico (Italian) harmonious, pleasant-sounding Eufonie (German f.) euphony Eufonio (Italian m.) euphonium eufonisch (German) euphonical, euphonic, euphonically Eufonium (German n.) euphonium Euforia (Spanish f., Italian f.) euphoria, elation euforico (Italian) elated, euphoric Eugene Onegin an opera ("lyrical scenes") in 3 acts (7 scenes), by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893). The libretto was written by Konstantin Shilovsky and the composer and his brother Modest, and is based on the novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) Eugene Onegin from which this extract has been taken Eugen Onegin (German) Eugene Onegin Eugenetik (German f.) eugenics Eugenics (treated as singular or plural) improvement of the qualities of a race by control of inherited characteristics Eugenik (German f.) eugenics Eugeniker (German m.) eugenicist eugenisch (German) eugenic, eugenically Eugnosia loss of the ability to interpret sensory stimuli, such as sounds or images Eugnosie (German f.) eugnosia eugnostisch (German) eugnostic Eugonic rapid and luxuriant (growth) eugonisch (German) eugonic Euharmonic notes that produce a mathematically perfect harmony or concord. The term also describes a piece which is essentially harmonious Euhemerism a theory attributing the origin of the gods to the deification of historical heroes Euhemerismus (German m.) euhemerism Eukalyptus (German m.) eucalyptus Eukalyptusbaum (German m.) eucalyptus tree, gum tree Eukalyptusöl (German n.) eucalyptus oil Euklid (German m.) Euclid euklidisch (German) Euclidean euklidische Geometrie (German f.) Euclidean geometry Euklids Elemente (German) Euclid's Elements EUL abbreviation of 'Everyman's University Library' Eule (s.), Eulen (pl.) (German f.) owl eulenartig (German) owlish Eulengebirge (German n.) Owl Mountains (a mountain range in the Central Sudetes in south-west Poland) eulenhaft (German) owlish, owlishly Eulenjunges (German n.) owlet Eulen nach Athen tragen (German m.) to bring coals to Newcastle, to carry coals to Newcastle Eulenschrei (German m.) owl hoot Eulenschwarm (German m.) parliament of owls Eulenspiegel (German m.) owlglass eulenspiegelhafter Witz (German m.) sly humour Euler-Konstante (German f.) Euler constant, Euler's constant (e=2,71828...) Euler's Theory of Music Music translated into Mathematics: Leonhard Euler eulersche Zahl (German f.) Euler's number (e=2,71828...) Eulogia bread blessed but not consecrated, and given in small pieces to the noncommunicants at Mass, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church Eulogie (German f.) eulogium (formal), eulogy, eulogia Eulogize to praise in speech or writing Eulogy a funeral oration given in tribute to a person or people who have recently died. It can also praise a living person or people who are still alive, which normally takes place on special occasions like birthdays, etc. Eulogy from which this extract has been taken EUM abbreviation of Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Spanish: Mexico) Eumelia a glass harmonica Eumeniden (German pl.) Eumenides Eumenides (Greek, literally 'the gentle ones) (in classical mythology) the Furies, the hideous snake-haired monsters (usually three in number) who pursued unpunished criminals Eunomianer (German pl.) Eunomians Eunomians followers of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being Eunuch (English, German m., from Greek, 'bedchamber attendant') a castrated man, especially one formerly employed at an oriental harem or court Eunuche (German m.) eunuch Eunuchen-fluit (Dutch) Eunuch flute, mirliton Eunuchflöte (German f.) Eunuch flute, mirliton Eunuch flute a kazoo or mirliton, a member of the membranophone family of musical instruments made of a flattened pipe of metal or plastic with a membrane-covered hole Eunuco con voz de soprano (Spanish m.) castrato EUOUAE the vowels from the words seculorum amen, the final words of the doxology EUP abbreviation of 'English Universities Press' Eupeptic relating to or having good digestion, conducive to digestion, cheerful, happy Euphänik (German f.) euphenics euphem. abbreviation of 'euphemism', 'euphemistic' Euphemism an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh, the use of such an expression Euphémisme (French m.) euphemism Euphemismus (s.), Euphemismen (pl.) (German m.) euphemism Euphemistic substituting a mild term for a harsher or distasteful one euphemistisch (German) euphemistic, euphemistically Euphemos (German m.) Euphemus Euphemus the son of Poseidon, granted by his father the power to walk on water. Euphemus's mother is variously named: Europe, daughter of the giant Tityos; Oris, daughter of Orion; or Macionice, daughter of Eurotas son of Troezenus, was a leader of the Thracian Cicones, on the side of the Trojans Euphenics the science of making biological (phenotypic) improvements to humans after birth Euphon also called Euphonium, a kind of glass harmonica invented by E. F. F. Chladni (in about 1790). The sound of this instrument is produced by rubbing with moistened fingers strips of glass which communicate their vibrations to rods of metal Euphone (French) a reed, generally a free-reed, 16 ft. stop in an organ Euphonia (Italian f.) euphony, an agreeable sound Euphoniad a musical instrument in which the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments are combined Euphonicon a kind of upright piano Euphonie (French f., German f.) euphony, an agreeable sound euphonisch (German) euphonic, euphonical, euphonically Euphonium (English, German n.) called baryton in French, the euphonium looks like a small tuba, but has a higher pitch and mellower sound. Its name comes from the Greek and means "sweet voiced" or "beautiful sound." The outstanding quality of the euphonium is its deep, rich tone quality. The instrument is made of brass, can have anywhere from three to five valves and has conical tubing. The euphonium's brother, the baritone, has cylindrical tubing, is smaller and has a brighter, lighter tone the history of the euphonium began early in the eighteenth century. The first of its ancestors was the serpent, so named for its snakelike appearance. Made of wood in two halves and bound together by leather, it had several holes bored into it. It was used to support bass parts in church choirs and for military bands. The serpent was followed by the ophicleides, patented by a French instrument maker named Jean-Hilaire Asté (1775-1840) (also known as Halary). The ophicleides, often used in Europe's armed forces bands, used keys to cover the tone holes, which gave them better intonation and more power than the serpent around 1830, piston valves were developed, which revolutionized instrument design and manufacture. The most famous valved brass instrument maker was Adolph Sax, who made an entire family of instruments at his Paris factory. However, David James Blaikley is credited with giving most in terms of technological and mathematical thought to the modern day instrument Euphonium Euphonium Euphonium see Euphon Euphonon an instrument resembling the organ in tone and the upright piano in form Euphony (from Greek, literally 'good sound') sweetness of tone, agreeable sounds, consonant sounds attempting to group words together harmoniously, so that the consonants permit an easy and pleasing flow of sound when spoken, as opposed to cacophony, when the poet intentionally mixes jarring or harsh sounds together in groups that make the phrasing either difficult to speak aloud or grating to the ear Euphoria (Greek) a feeling of well-being and good health (especially in a person whose health is usually not good) Euphoriant tending to produce euphoria Euphorie (French f., German f.) euphoria, elation Euphoriegefühle (German pl.) euphorias Euphorigenic Of or pertaining to inducing a state of euphoria Euphoriker (German m.) euphoric person euphorisch (German) euphoric, rhapsodical euphorisierend (German) euphoriant euphorisierend (German) euphorigenic Euphrat (German m.) Euphrates Euphrat und Tigris (German m.) Euphrates and Tigris Euphuism not to be confused with euphemism, euphuism is a highly ornate style of writing popularized by John Lyly's Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit (1578). The style is sententious, relies heavily on balanced syntax, makes frequent use of antithesis, parallelism, rhetorical tropes, and learned allusions Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken Eupolidian (Greek, 'well varied') in classical literature, any varied metrical form such as a tetrameter with mixed choriambic and trochaic feet Eur. abbreviation of 'Europe, 'European' Eurasien (German n.) Eurasia Eurasier (s./pl.) (German m.) Eurasian eurasisch (German) Eurasian Eure Exzellenz (German) Your Excellency Eure Heiligkeit (German) Your Holiness Eureka (Greek) 'I have found it' (the answer to a problem) Eureka Eure Lordschaft (German) Your Lordship Eure Majestät (German) Your Majesty eurer (German) yours eurerseits (German) for your part, from your part, on your part euresgleichen (German) people of your kind, people like you, the likes of you (colloquial), your sort (colloquial) eurethalben (German, dated) because of you (plural) euretwegen (German) because of you, on account of you, on your account, for your sake, about you, on your behalf, for your benefit Eurhythmics the expression of musical rhythm through bodily movement, a system developed by Emile Henri Jaques Dalcroze (1865-1950), who in 1910 founded an institute to promote the system in Germany Eurhythmy harmony, regular and symmetrical measure Eurip. abbreviation of 'Euripides' (c.480-406 BC), Greek dramatist Euritmia (Spanish f.) eurhythmics Euro (s./pl.) (German m.) euro (s.), euros (pl.) Euro-Banknoten (German pl.) bank notes in Euros Eurobanknoten (German pl.) euro notes Euro-Betrag (German m.) sum of money in euros Eurocent (German m.) euro cent Eurodance synonymous with 'techno dance' and 'trance dance', 'Eurodance' is a colloquial term for European dance music. It has achieved popularity in Europe, Oceania, South America, Canada, as well as parts of Asia between 1992 to 1996 and up until now. Between 1993 and 1995, the original genre was considered a mainstream phenomenon being diversified and mixed with other electronic music genres. In terms of musical style, Eurodance is closely related to Euro-pop and Euro-rap. All three are predominately represented by Western European and Scandinavian artists, and garner a good portion of their audience from these regions Eurodance from which this has been taken Euro disco the term 'Euro disco' refers to a collection of styles and genres of electronic dance music that had emerged from Europe by the early 1980s, incorporating elements of electropop and disco into new hybrids such as Hi-NRG, Italo disco, Eurohouse, British Pop and others. The term is also commonly written as Eurodisco and Euro-disco. A typical Euro disco song has a contrasting verse-chorus form, a synthesizer-based accompaniment, and lyrics sung in English Euro disco from which this has been taken EuroJazz abbreviation of 'European Community Youth Jazz Orchestra' Eurokommunismus (German n.) Eurocommunism Eurokrat (German m.) Eurocrat Euroland (s.), Euroländer (pl.) (German n.) Eurozone (s.), Euro countries (pl.) Euromünze (s.), Euromünzen (pl.) (German f.) euro coin Europa (German n.) Europe Europa des Mittelalters (German n.) medieval Europe Europa im Mittelalter (German n.) medieval Europe Europaabgeordneter (m.), Europaabgeordnete (f.) (German) Euro-MP (colloquial: Member of the European Parliament) Europäer (m.), Europäerin (f.), Europäer (pl.), Europäerinnen (f.pl.) (German) European, European man (m.), European woman (f.) europafreundlich (German) pro-European Europagegner (German m.) Eurosceptic europäisch (German) European Europäische Eibe (German f.) European yew (Taxus baccata) Europäische Evangelische Allianz (German f.) European Evangelical Alliance Europäische Gemeinschaft (German f.) European Community Europäische Kommission (German f.) European Commission europäische Küche (German f.) European cuisine Europäische Kulturhauptstadt (German f.) European Capital of Culture europäische Länder (German pl.) European countries Europäische Lärche (German f.) European larch (Larix decidua) Europäische Norm (German f.) European standard europäischer Binnenmarkt (German m.) single market, European Single Market, Single European Market Europäischer Gemeinsamer Markt (German m.) European common market Europäischer Gerichtshof (German m.) European Court of Justice Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (German m.) European Court of Human Rights Europäischer Tango (German m.) European tango Europäischer Tieflandgürtel (German m.) Great European Plain (the largest mountain-free landform in Europe, although a number of highlands are identified within. It stretches from the Pyrenees Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east) europäisches Eisenbahnnetz (German n.) European rail network europäisches Festland (German n.) continental Europe, mainland Europe, Europe (colloquial: from a British viewpoint), the Continent europäisches Kräftegleichgewicht (German n.) balance of power in Europe Europäisches Kulturabkommen (German n.) European Cultural Convention Europäisches Nordmeer (German n.) Norwegian Sea (the part of the Atlantic that lies off the Norwegian coast to the north of the North Sea ) Europäische Sozialcharta (German f.) European Social Charter Europäisches Parlament (German n.) European Parliament Europäisches Patentamt (German n.) European Patent Office Europäische Union (German f.) European Union Europäische Verfassung (German f.) European constitution Europäischsein (German n.) Europeanness europäischstämmig (German) of European descent europäischstämmiger Amerikaner (German m.) European American europäisieren (German) to Europeanise Europäisierung (German f.) Europeanisation Europäistik (German f.) European studies Europakarte (German f.) map of Europe Europa-Parlament (German n.) European Parliament Europarat (German m.) Council of Europe Europarecht (German n.) European law europarechtswidrig (German) contrary to European law Europareise (German f.) trip through Europe, trip to Europe europarelevant (German) relevant to Europe Europastraße (German f.) European route Europatournee (German f.) European tour Europaviertel (German n.) European quarter europaweit (German) all over Europe, Europe-wide, trans-European Europawissenschaften (German pl.) European studies European art music in its broadest definition, European art music stems from traditions in Western Europe that began in Ancient Greece but took root after the fall of the Roman Empire. The music that has come from that tradition continue to be performed, composed and appreciated around the globe European tango one of the two styles of ballroom tango, called "International" (English) and "European", both having descended from the tango styles that developed when the tango first went abroad to Europe and North America. The dance was simplified, adapted to the preferences of conventional ballroom dancers, and incorporated into the repertoire used in International Ballroom dance competitions Européen (m.), Européenne (f.) (French) European européen (m.), européenne (f.) (French) European Europop a style of pop music that developed in Europe throughout the 1970s which emphasized catchy beats, slick songs and frothy lyrics Europop from which this has been taken Euros (German pl.) euros (euro coins) Euroschein (s.), Euroscheine (pl.) (German m.) euro note Euroskeptiker (German m.) Eurosceptic euroskeptisch (German) Eurosceptic, Eurosceptical Euroskeptizismus (German m.) Euroscepticism Euro-Trance a hybrid of Hard Trance and Eurodance music incorporating Hardstyle bass drums and trance elements Euro-Trance from which this extract has been taken Eurotunnel (German m.) Chunnel (colloquial: Channel Tunnel) Eurovision (German f.) the network of the European Broadcasting Union for the exchange of news and television programmes amongst its member organizations, also the organiser of the Eurovision song contest Eurozeichen (German n.) euro sign (€) eurozentrisch (German) Eurocentric Eurozentrismus (German m.) eurocentrism Eurozone (German f.) euro zone Euryalos (German m.) Euryalus Euryalus in the Aeneid by Virgil, Nisus and Euryalus are ideal friends and lovers (in Greek mythology) the son of Mecisteus, who attacked the city of Thebes as one of the Epigoni, taking the city and avenging the deaths of their fathers, who had also attempted to invade Thebes Eurybia (English, German f.) (in Greek mythology) married to the titan Crius, who gave birth to three known offspring Astraios, Perses, and Pallas. She was a minor sea goddess under the dominion of Poseidon Eurydike (German f.) Eurydice Eurythmie (French f., German f.) eurhythmics Eurypontiden (German pl.) Eurypontids Eurypontids Sparta was an important Greek city-state in the Peloponnesus. It was unusual among Greek city-states in that it maintained its kingship past the Archaic age. It was even more unusual in that it had two kings simultaneously, coming from two separate lines. According to tradition, the two lines, the Agiads and Eurypontids, were respectively descended from the twins Eurysthenes and Procles, the descendants of Heracles who supposedly conquered Sparta two generations after the Trojan War Eurypontids from which this extract has been taken Eurythmie (German f.) eurythmics eurythmisch (German) eurythmical, eurythmically Eus. abbreviation of 'Eusebius of Caesarea' (fl. 4th century AD), churchman and historian Eusebeia (Greek) used in Greek philosophy as well as in the New Testament, meaning inner piety, spiritual maturity, or godliness Eusebie (German f.) godliness, eusebeia Euskal musikatresnak (Basque) Basque musical instruments Euskara or Basque, a language spoken by about a million people in northern Spain and southwestern France. Although attempts have been made to link it to ancient Iberian, the Hamito-Semitic group, and Caucasian, its origins remain uncertain. The sound pattern resembles that of Spanish, with its five pure vowels and such peculiarities as a trilled r and palatal n and l. In spite of this, and the presence of numerous Latinate loanwords, Basque has maintained its distinctiveness throughout two millennia of external contacts. For example, it still places a unique emphasis on suffixes to denote case and number and to form new words. Basque is the only language remaining of those spoken in southwestern Europe before the Roman conquest. Since the tenth century, it has gradually been supplanted by Castilian Spanish, and under the Franco regime its use in Spain was outlawed altogether. The ethnic insularity of the Basques, however, has fostered revivals. Attempts are now being made to standardize the orthography Basque language from which this extract has been taken EU-Staat (German m.) EU country Eustachi-Röhre (German f.) Eustachian tube (Tuba auditiva Eustachii, Tuba pharyngotympanica) eustachische Röhre (German f.) eustachian tube, pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube (Tuba auditiva Eustachii, Tuba pharyngotympanica) Eustachius (German) Eustace Eutektikum (German n.) eutectic (mixture) eutektisch (German) eutectic Euter (s./pl.) (German n.) udder Euterpe (English, German f., from Greek) Euterpe, from Greek culture, is one of the nine Muses of Apollo. Her name means "rejoicing well" or "delight". She was born from Zeus and Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, along with her other eight sisters. Euterpe is the Muse of music and lyric poetry. She is also the Muse of joy and pleasure and of flute playing and was thought to have invented the double flute, which is her attribute Euthanasia (Greek) the practice of terminating the life of a person or animal with an incurable disease, intolerable suffering, or a possibly undignified death in a painless or minimally painful way, for the purpose of limiting suffering Basque language from which this extract has been taken Euthanasie (French f.) euthanasia Euthanasie (German f.) euthanasia, mercy killing Euthia (Greek) a term employed by the ancient Greeks for a regularly ascending succession of notes Eutimia (Italian) alactrity, vivacity Eutrepismus adding numbers to the various points in an argument or debate so the audience can better follow the rhetor's thinking eutroph (German) eutrophic Eutrophic having waters rich in mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae Eutrophierung (German f.) eutrophication EU-weit (German) EU-wide eux (French) they, them eux-mêmes (French) themselves EV abbreviation of 'English Version' (of the Bible) eV abbreviation of eingetragener Verein (German: registered society) ev. abbreviation of evangelisch (German: Protestant) Eva (English, German f.) Eve evac. abbreviation of 'evacute', 'evacuated', 'evacuation' Evacuant (German) the waste-pallet in the bellows of an organ Évacuation (French f.) evacuation évacuer (French) to evacuate Evaded cadence interrupted cadence a cadence that implies one type of resolution, but goes instead to another Évadé (m.), Évadée (f.) (French) escaped prisoner évadé (m.), évadée (f.) (French) escaped evagrianisch (German) Evagrian evakuieren (German) to evacuate, to rarefy evakuiert (German) evacuated Evakuierter (m.), Evakuierte (f.), Evakuierte (pl.) (German) evacuee Evakuierung (German f.) evacuation eval. abbreviation of 'evaluate', 'evaluation', 'evaluated' Evaluation (English, German f.) assessment, appraisal, the finding or statement of the number or amount of Évaluation (French f.) assessment evaluativ (German) evaluative évaluer (French) to assess evaluieren (German) to evaluate, to assess evaluiert (German) evaluated Evaluierung (German f.) evaluation evan. or evang., abbreviation of 'evangelical', evangelist' Evangelary a book of readings or lessons for the mass Evangeliar (German n.) Book of Gospels Evangeliarium (German n.) Evangeliary Evangelien (German pl.) gospels Evangelienharmonie (German f.) gospel harmony evangelikal (German) evangelical Evangelikale (German pl.) evangelicals (fundamentalist) Evangelikaler (German m.) Evangelical, evangelical Christian Evangelimann (German m. - Austria) evangelist (itinerant) Evangelio (Spanish m.) gospel Evangelisation (German f.) evangelism, evangelisation evangelisch (German) evangelic, evangelical, evangelistic, evangelically, evangelistically, Lutheran, Protestant evangelisch denken (German) to have Protestant beliefs Evangelische Brüder-Unität (German f.) Unitas Fratrum (Moravian Church) evangelische Diakonie (German f.) Protestant social welfare organisations (in Austria) evangelische Gemeindeschwester (German f.) community care nurse evangelische Räte (German pl.) counsels of perfection, evangelical counsels Evangelischen (German pl.) evangelicals Evangelischer Bund (German m.) Protestant league in Germany, founded in 1886 evangelischer Pfarrer (German m.) Protestant pastor Evangelisches Bibelwerk (German n.) German Bible Society Evangelisches Gesangbuch (German n.) Lutheran hymn book for Germany, Alsace-Lorraine, and Austria since 1993/1996 Evangelisches Kirchengesangbuch (German n.) German and Austrian Lutheran hymn book (1950-1996) evangelisieren (German) to evangelise evangelisierend (German) evangelising evangelisiert (German) evangelised Evangelisierung (German f.) evangelisation Evangelist (s.), Evangelisten (German pl.) (English, German m.) Matthew, Mark, Luke or John, the authors of the gospels the narrator in a Passion, who recounts the Gospel story Evangelista (Spanish m./f.) evangelist Evangelium (German n.) gospel Evangelium der Wahrheit (German n.) Gospel of Truth (Nag Hammadi text) Evangelium nach ... (German n.) Gospel of ... Evangelium nach Johannes (German n.) Gospel according to John Evangelium nach Judas (German n.) Gospel according to Judas Evangelium nach Lukas (German n.) Gospel according to Luke Evangelium nach Markus (German n.) Gospel according to Mark Evangelium nach Matthäus (German n.) Gospel according to Matthew Évangile (French m.) gospel Évangile, l' (French) the Gospel évangélique (French) evangelical Évanouissement (French m.) (syncope) fainting fit evap. abbreviation of 'evaporate', 'evaporated', 'evaporation', evaporator' evaporandosi (Italian) evaporating, verdunstend (German), en s'évaporant (French) Evaporation (English, German f.) loss of moisture as vapour, the turning of a solid or liquid into vapour Évaporation (French f.) evaporation evaporieren (German) to evaporate évasif (m.), évasive (f.) (French) evasive Évasion (French f.) escape, escapism evce abbreviation of 'evidence' Éveil (French m.) awakening éveillé (French) lively, sprightly, awake, alert (intelligent) éveiller (French) to awake, to awaken, to arouse (wake up) Événement (French m.) event Evening hymn/Evening prayer Evening hymns are designed to be played or sung at the end of the day. Henry Purcell's evening hymn "Now that the sun hath veil'd his light" is a setting of words written by Dr. William Fuller (1608-1675). Other well-known evening hymns include "Abide with Me", "O strength and stay", "Saviour Again to Thy Dear Name We Raise", "The Day Thou Gavest, Lord, is Ended". The duet from Hänsel & Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck is described as an evening hymn or an evening prayer. Many evening hymns are considered suitable for performance at funerals Evensong the equivalent in the Anglican church to Vespers in the Roman Catholic rite Event (s.), Events (pl.) (English, German m./n.) thing that happens, fact of a thing's occurring, item in a (especially sports) programme Éventail (French m.) fan, range Éventaire (French m.) stall, stand Event-Catering (German n.) event catering éventé (French) stale Even time where the notes, usually quavers (eighth notes), are played 'straight' or 'even', i.e. not 'swung' or 'uneven' Eventkultur (German f.) event culture Eventmarketing (German n.) event marketing éventrer (French) to rip open (parcel, etc.) Eventualbegehren (German n. - Austria) alternative claim Eventualfall (German m.) contingency Eventualfallplanung (German f.) contingency planning Eventualfonds (German m.) contingency fund Eventualität (s.), Eventualitäten (pl.) (German f.) eventuality, contingency Éventualité (French f.) possibility eventualvorsätzlich (German) with indirect intent, with conditional intent Eventuate to come out in the end éventuel (m.), éventuelle (f.) (French) possible eventuell (German) contingently, contingent, potential, as may be the case, maybe, possible, possibly, perhaps éventuellement (French) possibly Even tuning equal temperament Évêque (French m.) bishop Evergreen (English, German m.) also (golden) oldie (colloquial: song), a term used for popular classical and light music pieces Eversio or evolutio, (Latin) inversion, particularly, inversion of the parts in a fugue or in double counterpoint Eversion (English, German f.) the position of being turned outward or inside out evertieren (German) to evert evg abbreviation of 'evening' Éviction (French f.) eviction evid. abbreviation of 'evidence' évidemment (French) obviously, of course Évidence (French f.) obviousness, obvious fact Evident plain or obvious, manifest evident (German) manifest, obvious, evident évident (m.), évidente (f.) (French) obvious, evident Evidentialität (German f.) evidentiality évider (French) to hollow out Evidenz (German f.) evident nature, obviousness, evidence, verisimilitude, self-evidence evidenzbasiert (German) evidence-based evidenzbasierte Berichterstattung (German f.) evidence-based reporting evidenzbasierte Medizin (German f.) evidence-based medicine Evidenzbüro (German n. - Austria) register office, registry Evidenzmangel (German m.) paucity of evidence Évier (French m.) sink évincer (French) to oust Evirato (s.), Evirati (pl.) (Italian m., literally, 'unmanned') a man whose boy-like voice has been preserved by castration, i.e. a castrato Eviszeration (German f.) evisceration éviter (French) to avoid éviter de faire (French) to avoid doing evng abbreviation of 'evening' Evocación (Spanish f.) evocation, invocation evocar (Spanish) to evoke évocateur (m.), évocatrice (f.) (French) evocative Evocation imaginative re-creation of feelings for or memories of individuals or occasions, the summoning of a spirit Évocation (French f.) evocation Evocative evoking (especially feelings or memories) Evoe (Italian) an evocation to Bacchus Evokation (German f.) evocation evokativ (German) evocative evol. abbreviation of 'evolve', 'evolution', 'evolutionist' Evolución (Spanish f.) evolution évolué (French) highly developed évoluer (French) to develop, to move, to manoeuvre Evolutio (Latin) see eversio Evolution (English, German f.) gradual development development of species from earlier forms, as an explanation of their origins unfolding of events, etc. (evolution of the plot) Évolution (French f.) development, evolution (of a species), movement (displacement) evolutionär (German) evolutionary, evolutionarily evolutionäre Anpassung (German f.) evolutionary adaptation evolutionäre Anthropologie (German f.) evolutionary anthropology evolutionäre Entwicklungsbiologie (German f.) evolutionary developmental biology evolutionäre Psychologie (German f.) evolutionary psychology evolutionärer Prozess (German m.) evolutionary process evolutionär verwandt (German) evolutionarily related evolutionär verwandt sein (mit) (German) to be evolutionary related (to) Evolutionismus (German m.) evolutionism Evolutionist (s.), Evolutionisten (pl.) (German m.) evolutionist evolutionistisch (German) evolutionistic, evolutionist Evolutionsbiologe (m.), Evolutionsbiologin (f.) (German) evolutionary biologist Evolutionsbiologie (German f.) evolutionary biology Evolutionsgeschichte (German f.) evolutionary history, history of evolution Evolutionsgeschwindigkeit (German f.) speed of evolution evolutionspsychologisch (German) evolutionary psychological Evolutionstheorie (German f.) theory of evolution Evolvente (German f.) involute, evolvent evolvieren (German) to evolve évoquer (French) to call to mind, to evoke Evovae alternative spelling of EUOUAE evozieren (German) to evoke evoziert (German) evoked evy abbreviation of 'every' EWA abbreviation of 'Education Writers' Association' ewig (German) eternally, eternal, imperishably, perpetual, everlasting, deathless, sempiternal (literary), forever, immortal, interminably, never-exhausted (subject, topic) ewig andauernd (German) everlasting ewig dauern (German) to take ages ewige Anbetung (German f.) perpetual adoration ewige Diskutiererei (German f.) endless discussion(s) ewige Erlösung (German f.) eternal salvation ewige Jugend (German f.) eternal youth ewige Liebe (German f.) eternal love ewiger Bestand (German m.) perpetuity ewige Rente (German f.) perpetuity ewiger Kalender (German m.) perpetual calendar ewiger Nörgler (German m.) constant complainer (pejorative) ewiger Schnee (German m.) permanent snow ewiger Student (German m.) perpetual student ewiger Zweiter (German m.) eternal runner-up ewiges Licht (German n.) ambry light (Anglican churches), sanctuary light (Roman Catholic churches) ewiges Zaudern (German n.) constant hesitation ewige Treue (German f.) eternal faithfulness ewige Treue schwören (German) to pledge one's troth ewige Wiederholung (German f.) never-ceasing repetition Ewiggestriger (German m.) person living in the past ewig jung (German) ageless Ewigkeit (s.), Ewigkeiten (pl.) (German) eternity, thin air (figurative). aeon, perpetuity, infinite time, immortality, forever Ewigkeitssonntag (German m.) Sunday before Advent on which the dead are commemorated ewig lange (German) for ages ewiglich (German) eternally ewig und drei Tage (German) donkey's years (colloquial), forever and a day (colloquial) ewig unterwegs (German) always on the move ewig während (German) eternal Ewig-Wiebliche, das (German n.) the eternal feminine, the unchanging power of women to inspire and spiritualize mankind (viz. Goethe) EWO abbreviation of 'European Women's Orchestra' ex. abbreviation of 'examination', 'examiner', 'example', 'excellent', 'except', 'excepted', 'exchange', 'exclude', 'excluding', 'exclusive', 'excursion', 'excurcus', 'execute', 'executed', 'executive', 'executor', 'exempt', 'export', 'express', 'extension', 'extra' ex (English, from Latin) directly from (ex warehouse), without (ex dividend), former (ex-prime minister) Exa- (English, German) 1018 ex abrupto (Latin) without preparation, suddenly, abruptly Exabyte (English, German n.) 1018 - byte Exacerbation (English, German f.) aggravation, action that makes a problem or a disease (or its symptoms) worse exacerber (French) to exacerbate Exact accurate, preciso (Italian), genau (German), juste (French) exact (m.), exacte (f.) (French) exact, accurate, correct, punctual (person) exactement (French) exactly, in strict time Exactitude (French f.) exactness, punctuality Exact rhyme exact rhyme or perfect rhyme is rhyming two words in which both the consonant sounds and vowel sounds match to create a rhyme. The term "exact" is sometimes used more specifically to refer to two homophones that are spelled dissimilarly but pronounced identically at the end of lines. Since poetry is traditionally spoken aloud, the effect of rhyme depends upon sound rather than spelling, even words that are spelled dissimilarly can rhyme Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken ex aequo (French) equal exag. abbreviation of 'exaggeration', 'exaggerate' exagéré (French) excessive Exagération (French f.) exaggeration exagérer (French) to exaggerate, to go too far Exaggeration a form of humour, taking what is normal and blowing it out of proportion exakt (German) minutely, precise, accurate, exact, strict, rigorous (precise), rigorously (precisely) exakt die gleichen Bedingungen (German) the exact same conditions, the precise same conditions exakte Mitte (German f.) dead centre exakter (German) more exact, more precise exakter Halbton (German m.) the interval of 100 cents, in the equal-temperament system exactly one twelfth of an octave exakteste (German) most exact, most precise exakte Wissenschaft (German f.) hard science Exaktheit (German f.) accuracy, exactitude, precision, rigour exakt passend (German) exactly fitting exakt zutreffend (German) dead-on (colloquial) Exaltation (French f., German f.) elation, in an exalted and dignified manner Exalté (m.), Exaltée (f.) (French) fanatic exalté (m.), exaltée (f.) (French) exalted, very excited, very enthusiastic exalter (French) to excite, to exalt exaltiert (German) eccentric, exalted, effusive exam. abbreviation of 'examination', 'examine', 'examiner' examd abbreviation of 'examined' Examen (s.), Examen (German pl.), Examina (German pl.) (French m., German n.) examination, exam Examen de admisión (Spanish m.) entrance examination, entrance test Examen de conducir (Spanish m.) driving test Examen de ingreso (Spanish m.) entrance examination, entrance test Examen de manejar (Spanish m. - Latin America) driving test Examen machen (German) to take one's exams Examen médico (Spanish m.) medical examination, medical, checkup Examen parcial (Spanish m.) entrance examination, modular test Examensarbeit (German f.) examination paper Examenskandidat (German m.) examinee Examensworkshop (German m.) exam workshop Examinateur (m.), Examinatrice (f.) (French) examiner examiner (French) to examine examinieren (German) to register, to examine examiniert (German) registered examinierte Kinderkrankenschwester (German f.) registered children's nurse examinierte Kinderschwester (German f.) registered children's nurse examinierte Krankenschwester (German f.) registered nurse examn abbreviation of 'examination' examg abbreviation of 'examining' Exanthem (German n.) rash Exanimate lifeless, deprived of life, no longer living ex animo (Latin) from the heart, sincerely, without reservation ex ante (Latin, literally 'before the event') based on prior assumptions Exarch (English, German m.) a bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church ranking immediately below a patriarch, the ruler of a province in the Byzantine Empire Exarchat (German n.) exarchate Exartikulation (German f.) disarticulation Exaspération (French f.) exasperation exaspérer (French) to exasperate exaucer (French) to grant, to grant the wish(es) of (a person) Exazerbation (German f.) exacerbation Exc. abbreviation of 'Excellency' exc. abbreviation of 'excellent', 'except', 'excepted', 'exception', 'exchange', 'excommunication', excudit (Latin: he or she printed or engraved and printed it, written after the engraver's name), 'excursion' ex cathedra (Latin, literally 'from the throne') with (usually Papal) authority (i.e. not subject to argument) Excavateur (French m.) digger Excavation (French f.) excavation Excédent (French m.) surplus excédentaire (French) excess, surplus Excédent de bagages (French m.) excess luggage Excédent de la balance commerciale (French m.) trade surplus excéder (French) to exceed (French) to irritate excellent, excellente (French) excellent Excellence (French f.) excellence exceller (French) to excel exceller dans (French) to excel in Excelsior (Latin) ever upward a trade name dating from the mid-nineteenth century for the curly, fine wood shavings used as packing material when shipping breakable items Excel-Tabelle (German f.) Excel chart Excentricité (French f.) eccentricity Excentrique (French m./f.) eccentric excentrique (French) eccentric excepcional (Spanish) exceptional excepté (French) except excepter (French) to except Exception (French f.) exception exceptionnel (m.), exceptionnelle (f.) (French) exceptional exceptionnellement (French) exceptionally exceptio probat regulam (Latin) the exception proves the rule Excès (French m.) excess excès de vitesse (French) speeding excessif (m.), excessive (f.) (French) excessive excessivement (French) excessively Excimer laser sometimes, and more correctly, called an exciplex laser, a form of ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in eye surgery Excimer-Laser (German m.) excimer laser Excision or deletion, the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage Excitant (French m.) stimulant Excitation (French f.) excitement exciter (French) to excite, to exhort (encourage), to annoy (irritate) exciter à (French) to exhort to Exciton (English, German n.) an electrically neutral excited state of an insulator or semiconductor, often regarded as a bound state of an electron and a hole excl. abbreviation of 'exclude', 'excluding', 'exclusive' excl. or exclam., abbreviation of 'exclamation', exclamatory' exclam. abbreviation of 'exclamatory' Exclamation (English, French f.) words uttered suddenly Exclaustration (religious community) a temporary release for up to three years of obligations to community life while still observing the vows Exclave a part of a country that is isolated from the main part and is surrounded by foreign territory exclure (French) to exclude, to expel, to preclude exclusif (m.), exclusive (f.) (French) exclusive Exclusion (French f.) exclusion exclusivement (French) exclusively Exclusive psalmody a practice of some churches that every hymn sung in worship must be a close paraphrase of a Psalm or some other Biblical passage. Some Reformed churches, especially the Calvinists, rejected the use of instrumental music and organs in church, preferring to sing all of the music a cappella. Even today, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and other Reformed churches of the Scottish tradition maintain this practice Exclusivité (French f.) exclusive rights (commercial), exclusiveness Excommunication a censure imposed by church authority which excludes those subjected to it from holy communion and imposes on them other deprivations and disabilities; in the heavier form of this censure, the transgressor was forbidden any intercourse with fellow Christians and deprived of all rights and privileges in the church excorieren (German) to excoriate Excroissance (French f.) growth, outgrowth, excrescence excud. abbreviation of excuderunt (Latin: he or she printed or engraved and printed it, written after the engraver's name), 'excursion' excudere (Latin) to print Exculpate to clear of guilt or blame Exculpation (English, German f.) excuse, a defense of some offensive behaviour or some failure to keep a promise etc. Excursão (Portugual) 'gig' (colloquial term for a musical performance or a concert) Excursion (French f.) excursion, hike (on foot) Excursion polytonale (French) side slip Excursus (s.), Excursus (pl.) (Latin) a digression (point of detail is discussed at greater depth), an appendix (devoted to a marginal point) Excuse (French f.) excuse Excuses (French f. pl.) apology excuser (French) to excuse exd abbreviation of 'examined' ex delicto (Latin) arising from or out of a crime ex dono (Latin) as a gift, an inscription (usually on a book) recording that it is a gift from an individual (who would be specified) Exeat (Latin) permission to be absent exec. abbreviation of 'excute', 'execution', executive', executor' exécrable (French) abominable exécrer (French) to loathe Executant (English, from the Latin) a performer, vocal or instrument an artist or musician [entry provided by E. Robert A. Beck] Exécutant (m.), Exécutante (f.) (French, from the Latin) a performer, vocal or instrument, ejecutante (Spanish) Executante (Portuguese) performer exécuter (French) to carry out, to execute, to perform (music), to play (music) Execution manner of performance, style, dexterity and skill Exécution (French f.) execution, performance (music) Exécution empâtée (French f.) a neat clear execution Exécutif (French m.) executive (politics) exécutif, exécutive (French) executive (politics) execx abbreviation of 'executrix', 'executives' Exedra (English, German f.) (in architecture) a semicircular recess, often crowned by a semi-dome, which is usually set into a building's facade (English, German f.) a usually curved outdoor bench with a high back Exegese (s.), Exegesen (pl.) (German f.) exegesis (s.), exegeses (pl.) Exegesis (s.), Exegeses (pl.) (Greek) traditionally the term exegesis was used primarily for exegesis of the Bible and other religious texts. However in contemporary usage exegesis has broadened to mean a critical explanation of any text (i.e. including non-religious texts) Exeget (m.), Exegetin (f.) (German) exegete Exegete a person skilled in exegesis (especially of religious texts) exegetisch (German) exegetical exekutieren (German) to execute (to kill judicially), to impound exekutiert (German) executed (killed judicially) Exekution (German f.) execution, attachment Exekutionskommando (German n.) firing squad exekutiv (German) executive Exekutivdirektor (German m.) executive director Exekutive (German f.) executive Exekutivkomitee (German n.) executive committee Exekutor (German m. - Austria) bailiff, executor ex Emission (German) ex issue Exempel (s./pl.) (German n.) exemplum (s.) (brief interpolated story), example, exempla (pl.) (brief interpolated stories) exempl. abbreviation of examplaire (French: copy of a printed work) Exemplaar (Dutch) copy Exemplaire (French m.) copy exemplaire (French) exemplary Exemplar (s.), Exemplare (German pl.) (Latin, Swedish, German n.) copy a model or original manuscript, a text, ornament, format or form of illustration, from which a copy is made. Note that unlike an archetype, an exemplar can itself be a copy of an earlier model (German n.) instance, specimen (also colloquial for person), sample Exemplar dieses letztgenannten Dokuments (German n.) copy of this latter document Exemplar eines Buches (German n.) copy of a book exemplarisch (German) exemplarily, exemplary, generic, quintessential Exemple (French m.) example exemplifizieren (German) to typify, to exemplify Exemplifizierung (German f.) instantiation Exempli gratia (Latin) for the sake of example (usually abbreviated e.g. or eg) Exemplum (s.), Exempla (pl.) (Latin) an anecdote, a brief story (used in a medieval sermon to illustrate a moral point) exempt de, exempte de (French) exempt from exempter (French) to exempt exempter de (French) to exempt from Exemption (English, French f.) a rule or law which excepts certain things from another rule or law Exemtion (German f.) exemption Exequiae (Latin) funeral rites, and the music for them Exequias (Spanish f. pl.) funeral rites, and the music for them Exequien (German) masses for the dead, and the music for them Exequies funeral rites, and the music for them exercer (French) to exercise, to exert (influence, control), to work at, to train Exercice (French m.) exercise, drill (military), practice Exercice(s) à la barre (French m.) barrework Exercice(s) au milieu (French m.) centre practice Exercice(s) de style (French m.) a literary work, painting, etc. performed as a technical exercice and not intended as a serious work of art Exercice vocal (French m.) vocal exercise Exercise esercizio (Italian), Übung (German), étude (French) a study or a piece designed to develop technique, or to demonstrate technical attainment a keyboard suite Exercise music the advent of jazzercise and other aerobic exercise programs, sees music again helping to keep people fit. To those who dance early dances, the association will come as no surprise. Elizabeth I of England is known to have danced before breakfast as an aid to good digestion and personal fitness Exercitation religious exercise exercise, especially the exercising or display of special abilities, skills, etc. Exercitium (s.), Exercitien (pl.) (German, archaic) an exercise Exergie (German f.) exergy exergon (German) exergonic Exergonic a process accompanied by the release of energy exergonisch (German) exergonic Exergue (Latin) the space on the reverse of a coin or medal, marked off from the main design, which contains the date Exergy (in thermodynamics) the exergy of a system is the maximum work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir Exerzieren (German n.) drill (exercise) exerzieren (German) to exercise Exerzierplatz (German m.) parade, parade ground Exerzitien (German pl.) retreat Exerzitium (German n.) exercitation (religious exercise/study) exes abbreviation of 'expenses' Exeunt (from the Latin exire, 'they go out') a direction calling for more than one person to exit the stage Exeunt omnes (from the Latin exire omnes, 'they all to go out') a direction calling for the whole cast to exit the stage Exfoliation (English, German f.) the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin Exfrau (German f.) ex-wife Ex-Frau (German f.) ex-wife Exfreund (m.), Exfreundin (f.) (German) ex-boyfriend (m.), ex-girlfriend (f.) Ex-Freund (m.), Ex-Freundin (f.) (German) ex-boyfriend (m.), ex-girlfriend (f.) ex. g. or ex. gr., abbreviation of exempli gratia (Latin: for example) ex gratia (Latin) (a payment made) as a favour (without the acceptance of any liability or blame) exh. abbreviation of 'exhaust', 'exhibition' Ex-Häftling (German m.) ex-con (colloquial) Exhalation (English, German f.) expiration, breathing out exhaler (French) to emit exhalieren (German) to exhale, to breathe out exhaustif (m.), exhaustive (f.) (French) exhaustive exhaustiv (German) exhaustive exhbn abbreviation of 'exhibition' exhib. abbreviation of 'exhibit', 'exhibition', 'exhibitor' exhiber (French) to exhibit Exhibitionism extravagant and conspicuous behavior intended to attract attention to oneself Exhibitionismus (German m.) exhibitionism Exhibitionist an individual who engages in extravagant and conspicuous behavior intended to attract attention to him- or herself Exhibitionist (m.), Exhibitionistin (German f.), Exhibitionisten (German pl.) (German) flasher (colloquial), exhibitionist exhibitionistisch (German) exhibitionist, exhibitionistic Exhibitionniste (French m./f.) exhibitionist exhorter (French) to exhort exhorter à (French) to exhort to exhumieren (German) to disinter, to exhume exhumierend (German) disinterring exhumiert (German) exhumed Exhumierung (s.), Exhumierungen (pl.) (German f.) disinterment, exhumation ex hypothesi (Latin) as a result of assumptions made, a matter of course Exigence (French f.) demand exigeant (m.), exigeante (f.) (French) demanding, hard to please, asking a lot, insisting on one's rights exiger (French) to demand exigu (m.), exiguë (f.) (French) tiny Exil (French m., German n.) exile Exilant (m.), Exilantin (f.) (German) expatriate Exilé (m.), Exilée (f.) (French) exile exiler (French) to exile Exilgemeinde (German f.) expatriate community (exiled) Exilgemeinschaft (German f.) exile community exilieren (German) to exile Exilierung (German f.) exile (banishment) exilisch (German) exilic Exilkubaner (m.), Exilkubanerin (f.), Exilkubaner (pl.) (German) Cuban exile exilkubanisch (German) Cuban-exile Exilliteratur (German f.) German literature written by authors who fled Nazi Germany during World War II Exilregierung (German f.) government in exile Exilszeit (German f.) period in exile existant (m.), existante (f.) (French) existing Existence (French f.) existence Existent having existence or being or actuality existent (German) existent, existing, extant Existential- (German) existential (prefix) Existentialism a twentieth-century philosophy arguing that ethical human beings are in a sense cursed with absolute free will in a purposeless universe. Therefore, individuals must fashion their own sense of meaning in life instead of relying thoughtlessly on religious, political, and social conventions. These merely provide a façade of meaning according to existential philosophy Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken Existentialismus (German m.) existentialism Existentialist (English, German m.) a person who promotes or follows the philosophical ideas of existentialism existentialistisch (German) existentialist, existential, existentially existentiell (German) existential, existentially Existenz (German f.) existence, subsistence Existenzangst (German f.) angst, fear for one's existence Existenzbedingungen (German pl.) living conditions existenzbedrohend (German) existence-threatening Existenzberechtigung (German f.) right to exist, raison d'être existenzfähig (German) able to exist, viable existenzgefährdend (German) threatening our existence Existenzgründer (m.), Existenzgründerin (f.) (German) entrepreneur Existenzgrundlage (German f.) basis of life Existenzgründung (German f.) establishing one's livelihood, setting up business Existenzialismus (German m.) existentialism existenziell (German) existential, existentially Existenzkampf (s.), Existenzkämpfe (pl.) (German m.) struggle for existence, striving for existence, struggle for survival Existenzlinie (German f.) breadline Existenzminimum (German n.) subsistence level, breadline, living wage, poverty level, subsistence minimum, bread line, minimum subsistence level Existenzmittel (German pl.) means of subsistence Existenzmöglichkeit (German f.) possibility of existence Existenzniveau (German n.) subsistence level Existenzphilosophie (German f.) existential philosophy, existentialism (19th and 20th century) Existenzrecht (German n.) right to exist Existenzsicherung (German f.) securing one's livelihood Existenzweise (German f.) mode of existence exister (French) to exist existieren (German) to exist, to subsist, to hang over existierend (German) existing existierende Emissionen (German pl.) existing issues existieren seit (German) to hang over from existiert (German) existed existiert vorher (German) preexists existierte vorher (German) preexisted Exit (s.), Exuent (pl.) (from the Latin exire, to goes out) a direction, often placed in the margin of opera scores, libretti, etc., marking the time when a particular actor or actors is to leave the stage (English s.) means of leaving a building, etc., a way out, uscita (Italian f.), Ausgang (German m.), sortie (French f.), salida (Spanish f.) Exit aria in eighteenth-century opera seria, an aria that occurs at the end of a scene after which the singer leaves the stage, aria d'uscita (Italian f.) Éxito (Spanish m.) success Ex-Jugoslawien (German n.) former Yugoslavia Exkavation (German f.) excavation Exkavator (German m.) excavator Exkavieren (German n.) excavation exkavieren (German) to excavate Exklamation (German f.) exclamation exklamatorisch (German) exclamatory exklamieren (German) to exclaim exklaustriert (German) exclaustrated Exklave (German f.) exclave exkludieren (German) to exclude Exklusion (German f.) exclusion exklusiv (German) exclusively, select, exclusive, upmarket, classy (colloquial) Exklusivbericht (German m.) scoop, exclusive exklusive (German) excepted, exclusive, except, excluding exklusive Geschäfte (German pl.) exclusive shops exklusive Gesellschaft (German f.) select party exklusive Mehrwertsteuer (German) exclusive of VAT exklusiver (German) more exclusive Exklusivinterview (German n.) exclusive interview Exklusiv-Interview (German n.) exclusive interview Exklusivität (German f.) exclusiveness, exclusivity Exklusivmeldung (German f.) scoop Exklusivrecht (German n.) exclusive right exklusivste (German) most exclusive Exklusivvertrag (German m.) exclusive contract, exclusive agreement Ex-Knacki (German m.) ex-con (colloquial) Exkommunikation (German f.) excommunication exkommunizieren (German) to excommunicate exkommunizierend (German) excommunicating exkommuniziert (German) excommunicated exkulpieren (German) to exculpate Exkurs (s.), Exkurse (pl.) (German m.) excursus, excursion, digression Exkursion (German f.) excursion, field trip Exkursions- (German) excursive exkursiv (German) excursive exkursive Bewegung (German f.) excursion Exlibris (German n.) book plate, book-plate, bookplate, ex libris ex libris (Latin) from the library of, from the books of, an inscription in a book recording ownership Exmann (German m.) ex-husband exmatrikulieren (German) to exmatriculate Exmission (German f.) eviction exmittieren (German) to evict exmittierend (German) evicting exmittiert (German) evicted ex necessitate (Latin) from necessity, having no alternative Exode (French m.) exodus Exodontia the branch of dentistry dealing with extraction of teeth Exodontie (German f.) exodontia Exodontist (English, German m.) a dentist specializing in the extraction of teeth Exodus (English, German m., Latin, from Greek exodos) a mass departure from some place. From exodos, the last piece of a Greek tragedy, an episode occurring after the last choral ode and ended by the ceremonial exit of all the actors Exodus (German m.) mass exodus, stampede, haemorrhage (figurative) ex officio (Latin) or ex off., by virtue of office, by right of office a magistrate sitting with a judge at the Crown Court would appear ex officio in a case where no judicial function is to be exercised by the magistrate, for example, a case committed to Crown Court for sentence only Exogamie (German f.) exogamy Exogamy the custom of marrying outside the tribe, family, clan, or other social unit exogen (German) exogenous, exogenic, exogenously Exon. abbreviation of Exonia (Latin: Exeter), Exoniensis (Latin: (Bishop) of Exeter) Exonération (French f.) exemption exonérer (French) to exempt exonérer de (French) to exempt from Exonym (English, German n.) a name by which one people or social group refers to another and by which the group so named does not refer to itself. The name used by the people or locals themselves is called endonym, autonymor self-appellation Exonymie (German f.) exonymy Exophoria a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward Exophorie (German f.) exophoria exophorisch (German) exophoric exor abbreviation of 'executor' exorbitant (German) exorbitant, exorbitantly exorbitant (m.), exorbitante (f.) (French) exorbitant Exorbitanz (German f.) exorbitance exorciser (French) to exorcise Exorcist the second of the minor orders of the ministry; the power of exorcising evil spirits was never confined to this order although they assisted in this process, as well as with the pouring out of water at the mass Exordium (s.), Exordia (pl.) (Latin) the opening or introductory part of a speech or composition exorzieren (German) to exorcise, to lay (a ghost) Exorzismus (s.), Exorzismen (pl.) (German m.) exorcism Exorzist (m.), Exorzistin (f.) (German) exorcist Exoskeleton a hard outer structure, such as the shell of an insect or crustacean, that provides protection or support for an organism Exostose (German f.) exostosis Exostosis a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage) Exot (s.), Exoten (pl.) (German m.) exotic bird Exot (m.), Exotin (f.) (German) exotic, strange foreigner Exote (German m.) exotic species (plants, etc.) Exotenfonds (German pl.) offshore funds Exoteric music music meant to be easily comprehended and performed by anyone with little musical training exoterisch (German) popular, exoteric exotherm (German) exothermic Exotic a label given to a place, people, culture, or thing in order to engage interest through emphasising differences. Artistic and literary works have long used using the exotic as marketing ploy. It plays on the human tendency to be curious about the unfamiliar while wishing to remain safe from the unknown. While outwardly the exotic is usually presented in a positive light, for added excitement, danger is presumed to lie just beneath its surface Exotica a delicious brand of kitschy light lounge music that playfully borrows from various brands of world music, especially Latin American and Caribbean styles Contemporary Exotica - mp3s - from which this extract has been taken Exoticism music in which the rhythms, melodies, or instrumentation are intended to evoke the atmosphere of far-off lands or ancient times Exotic oriental dance belly dance Exotik (German f.) exoticism exotique (French) exotic exotisch (German) exotic, off-the-wall (slang), exotically exotische Musik (German f.) exotic music exotischer (German) more exotic exotischste (German) most exotic Exotismus (German m.) exoticism exozentrisch (German) exocentric exp in mathematics, symbol for exponential exp. abbreviation of 'expand', 'expansion', 'expedition', 'experience', 'experiment', 'experimental', 'expiration', 'expire', 'expired', 'export', 'exported', 'exportation', 'exporter', 'express', 'expression', 'expurgated' Expanded Instrument System Pauline Oliveros conceived of the 'Expanded Instrument System' (EIS) in the 1960s as an interactive electronic sound processing environment designed for improvising musicians. In the 1990s, with David Gamper and Stuart Dempster, she formed the 'Deep Listening Band' in which Oliveros plays accordian, Gamper plays keyboards, Dempster plays trombone and didjeridoo, and they all play the EIS Expanded Instrument System from which this extract has been taken Expanded tertian sonorities see 'extended tertian sonorities' Expander (German m.) chest expander (device used to build upper body musculature) expandierbar (German) expansible, expandable expandieren (German) to expand, to mushroom (figurative) expandierend (German) burgeoning (movement, wealth), expanding, expansive expandierende Industrie (German f.) booming industry, expanding industry expandiert (German) expanded expansif (m.), expansive (f.) (French) expansive Expansion (French f.) expansion (German f.) growth Expansionismus (German m.) expansionism Expansionist (German m.) expansionist Expansionsgefäß (German n.) expansion tank Expansionskoeffizient (German m.) expansion coefficient Expansionsmuffe (German f.) expansion joint Expansionspolitik (German f.) expansionism Expansionsventil (German n.) expansion valve expansiv (German) expansive Expansivität (German f.) expansivity ex parte (Latin, literally 'by a party') on behalf of one party only an ex parte application is made to the Court during proceedings by one party in the absence of another or without notifying the other party Expatrié (m.), Expatriée (f.) (French) expatriate expatriieren (German) to expatriate expdn abbreviation of 'expedition' Expectorantia (German pl.) expectorants expédié (French) quick, speedily Expédient (m.), Expédiente (f.) (French) expedient expédient (m.), expédiente (f.) (French) expedient Expedient (m.), Expedientin (f.) (German) forwarding clerk, shipping clerk expédier (French) to send, to dispatch expedieren (German) to forward, to ship (to move goods from place to place) expedierte (German) forwarded Expéditeur (m.), Expéditrice (f.) (French) sender, an agent who arranges the despatch of goods on behalf of another person expéditif (m.), expéditive (f.) (French) quick Expedition speed, journey or voyage for a particular purpose (especially exploration) Expédition (French f.) dispatch, expedition (journey) Expedition (s.), Expeditionen (pl.) (German f.) delivery department, mailing department, expedition Expektorans (s.), Expektoranzien (pl.) (German n.) expectorant Expectorant a medicine used to produce coughing up of or spitting out of phlegm etc. Expektorat (German n.) expectorate Expektoration (German f.) expectoration expektorieren (German) to expectorate exper. abbreviation of 'experimental' Expérience (French f.) experience, experiment (scientific) Experientia docet (Latin) experience teaches (us), we learn from experience Experiment (s.), Experimente (pl.) (German n.) experiment, experiences (pl.) experimental (German) experimental expérimental (French) experimental Experimentalfilm (German m.) experimental film Experimental music experimental music is any music that challenges the commonly accepted notions of what music is. There is an overlap with avant-garde music. John Cage was a pioneer in experimental music and defined and gave credibility to the form. David Cope (1997), describes experimental music as that, "which represents a refusal to accept the status quo" Experimental music from which this extract has been taken Experimental Music Today Experimental Music Studio see 'EMS' Experimentalmusik (German f.) experimental music Experimentalphysik (German f.) experimental physics Experimentalreihe (German f.) series of experiments Experimental rock see 'avant rock' Expérimentation (French f.) experimentation Experimentator (German m.) experimenter expérimenté (French) experienced experimentell (German) experimental, experimentally experimentell bestimmen (German) to experimentally determine experimentell bestimmt (German) experimentally determined experimentelle Phase (German f.) experimental phase experimenteller Nachweis (German m.) experimental proof experimentelles Theater (German n.) fringe theatre expérimenter (French) test, experiment with Experimentierbedingungen (German pl.) experimental conditions Experimentieren (German n.) experimentation experimentieren (German) to experiment experimentierend (German) experimenting experimentierfreudig (German) happy to try out new things Experimentierstadium (German n.) experimental stage experimentiert (German) experienced, experimented Experimentiertheater (German n.) fringe theatre Experiment in International Living also EIL or the 'Experiment', an organization offering high school, language, summer camp volunteer programmes of international cross-cultural education for high school students in the United States. The Experiment in International Living introduced the concept of a homestay to the world when it was founded in 1932, placing "Experimenters" in the homes of host families to enhance the intercultural and/or language study aspects of each programme Experiment in International Living from which this extract has been taken Experimentum crucis (Latin) a crucial experiment Expert (French m.) expert (highly knowledgeable or experienced person), valuer, appraiser expert (m.), experte (f.) (French) expert Expert-comptable (s.), Experts-comptables (pl.) (French m.) accountant Experte (s.), Experten (pl.) (German m.) expert, adept, authority, professional, pundit, specialist, cognoscente, cognoscenti (pl.) Experte auf dem Gebiet sein (German) to be an expert on the subject Experte in Bildern (German m.) connoisseur in pictures Experte in einem Fach (German m.) authority on a subject Experte in Sachen Menschenkenntnis (German m.) expert in knowing people, expert on knowing people Expertenansicht (German f.) expert view Expertengespräch (German n.) expert discussion Expertengremium (German n.) braintrust Expertengruppe (German f.) team of experts, group of experts Expertengutachten (German n.) expert report Expertenkommission (German f.) think tank Expertenkreis (German m.) body of experts Expertenmeinung (German f.) expert opinion Expertensicht (German f.) expert view Expertenstudie (German f.) expert study Expertensystem (German n.) expert system Expertenwissen (German n.) expert knowledge, expert know-how Expertise (French f.) expert appraisal, expert knowledge (German f.) appraiser's report, specialist knowledge, expert knowledge expertiser (French) to appraise Experto (Spanish m.) expert experto (Spanish) expert expiabel (German) expiable Expiable capable of being atoned for expier (French) to atone for Expiration (French f.) expiry expirer (French) to breathe out, to expire expl. abbreviation of 'explain', 'explanation', 'explanatory', 'explosion', 'explosive' explanativ (German) explanatory explicare (Latin) to explain explicatif (m.), explicative (f.) (French) explanatory Explication (French f.) explanation, discussion (figurative), commentary (scholarly) Explication de texte (French f.) literary commentary or analysis Explicit (s.), Expliciunt (pl.) (Latin) a heading indicating the end of a section of text (rather like finis), the last few words of a manuscript treatise recorded for purposes of identification explicite (French) explicit expliquer (French) to explain explizieren (German) to explicate, to expatiate expliziert (German) explicated explizit (German) explicit, explicitly explizit sein Einverständnis erklären (German) to opt in explizit sein Nichteinverständnis erklären (German) to opt out explodieren (German) to explode, to blow up, to burst, to go off (colloquial: to explode), to fulminate (also figurative), to detonate (bomb, etc.) explodierend (German) detonating, exploding explodierende Preise (German pl.) exploding prices, skyrocketing prices explodiert (German) exploded Exploit (English, French m.) daring feat exploit. abbreviation of 'exploitation' exploitabel (German, dated) usable Exploitant (agricole) (French m.) farmer Exploitation (French f.) exploitation, running, working, concern (business) Exploitation (German f.) exploitation (film genre), exploitation (dated) Exploitationfilm (German m.) exploitation (film genre) exploiter (French) to exploit (person), to run, to work Exploiteur (German m., dated) exploiter Exploiteur (m.), Exploiteuse (f.) (French) exploiter exploitieren (German, dated) to exploit Explorand (German m.) explorer Explorateur (German m.) researcher, discoverer Explorateur (m.), Exploratrice (f.) (French) explorer Exploration (English, French f., German f.) the act or an instance of exploring: explorativ (German) explorative, exploratory Explorator (German m.) explorer exploratorisch (German) exploratory Exploratorium (English, German n.) a public science museum, located in the Marina District at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California (German n., dated) examination paper explorer (French) to scan Explorieren (German n.) exploration explorieren (German) to explore exploser (French) to explode Explosion (French f.) explosion Explosif (French m.) explosive explosif (m.), explosive (f.) (French) explosive Explosion (s.), Explosionen (German pl.) (English, German f.) burst, fulmination, blast explosionsartig (German) explosive, phenomenal (increase, growth, etc.), explosively Explosionsbild (German n.) exploded view, exploded diagram Explosionsdarstellung (German f.) exploded view, exploded diagram explosionsfähig (German) explosive explosionsgefährlich (German) explosive Explosionszeichnung (German f.) exploded view, exploded diagram, exploded drawing, exploded view drawing explosiv (German) explosive, volatile (situation) Explosive also called a plosive or a stop, in linguistics, a sound made by completely blocking and then quickly unblocking the flow of air explosiver (German) more explosive Explosivität (German f.) explosiveness explosivste (German) most explosive expn abbreviation of 'exposition' Exponat (s.), Exponate (pl.) (German n.) exhibit Exponent (s.), Exponenten (pl.) (German m.) exponent, superscript, index Exponential- (German) exponential (prefix) Exponentialfunktion (German f.) exponential function Exponentialgleichung (German f.) exponential equation Exponentialschreibweise (German f.) scientific notation Exponentiation (German f.) exponentiation exponentiell (German) exponential, exponentially exponentielle Abnahme (German f.) exponential decay exponentieller Abfall (German m.) exponential decay exponentieller Zerfall (German m.) exponential decay exponentielles Wachstum (German n.) exponential growth exponiert (German) exposed exponierte Lage (German f.) exposed position exponierte Stelle (German f.) exposed position exponiert sein (German) to be out on a limb (figurative) Exponierung (German f.) exposure Exponierung gegenüber (German f.) exposure to Export (s.), Exporte (pl.) (German m.) export, exportation Export- (German) export Exportabteilung (German f.) export department, export division Exportartikel (German m.) article of exportation, article for export, export article, export product Exportateur (m.), Exportatrice (f.) (French) exporter exportateur (m.), exportatrice (f.) (French) exporting Exportation (French f.) export Exportauftrag (German m.) export order Exporte fördern (German) to encourage exports exporter (French) to export Exporterlaubnis (German f.) export licence Exporteur (German m.) exporter Exportfachzeitschrift (German f.) export journal exportfähig (German) exportable Exportfirma (German f.) export firm Exportförderung (German f.) encouragement of exports, export promotion, promotion of exports Exportgenehmigung (German f.) export licence Exportgeschäft (s.), Exportgeschäfte (pl.) (German n.) export business, export sales (pl), exports (pl.) Exportgut (s.), Exportgüter (pl.) (German n.) merchandise for export exportierbar (German) exportable exportieren (German) to export exportierend (German) exporting exportiert (German) exported Exportkampagne (German f.) export drive Exportland (s.), Exportländer (pl.) (German n.) exporting country Exportleistung (German f.) export achievement Exportleiter (s.), Exportleiterin (f.) (German m.) export manager Exportlieferung (German f.) export shipment Exportlizenz (German f.) export licence exportmüde (German) reluctant to export exportorientiert (German) export-oriented Exportpapiere (German pl.) export documents Exportpreis (German m.) export price Exportpreisliste (German f.) export price list Exportqualität (German f.) export quality Exportsachbearbeiter (German m.) export clerk Exportunternehmen (German n.) export company Exportverbot (German n.) ban on exports Exportverpackung (German f.) export packing, export crating (wooden crate) Exportvertreter (German m.) export agent Exportware (German f.) export article, goods for export Exposant (m.), Exposante (f.) (French) exhibitor Exposé (French m., German n.) talk, account (of an event), explanation, a revelation of something discreditable Exposed intervals in a harmonic progression, hidden fifths or octaves between the outer voices Exposee (German n.) memo, memorandum, exposé exposer (French) to display, to show, to explain, to introduce (for example, to introduce a theme), to endanger (life) [entry suggested by Annie Levac] exposer à (French) to expose to exposer au ... (French) facing ... Exposición (Spanish f.) exposition Exposition (English, French f., German f.) the part of a work, in sonata form, where the principal themes are first stated, or in a fugue, where the voices first enter in literature, the use of authorial discussion to explain or summarize background material rather than revealing this information through gradual narrative detail (French f.) display, exhibition (salon) Exposition à (French f.) exposure to Exposition cards postcards issued as souvenirs for expositions and fairs. Most expositions had an official set of cards made depicting its attractions, many of which are very large in number. Other publishers might also print unofficial exposition cards as well. It was common to hold regional and international expositions since the mid 19th century to promote trade, and postcards played an important role in this especially since 1893 Expositionsbedingungen (German pl.) exposure conditions Expositionszeit (German f.) exposure time expositorisch (German) expository, expositional Expositur (German f.) branch ex post facto (Latin, literally 'by a subsequent act') after the fact, retrospectively in law, something that occurs after the event but having a retrospective effect expr. abbreviation of 'express' Expräsident (German m.) ex-president exprès (French) specially, on purpose (deliberately) exprès (m.), expresse (f.) (French) express Expresión (Spanish f.) expression Expreß (German m., old form) express Express (English, German m.) rapid transport of goods express (German) explicitly, quickly, expeditiously Express- (German) express (prefix) Expressão (Portuguese) expression Expressaufzug (German m.) express elevator Express-Dienst (German m.) expedited service expressément (French) expressly expressément pour l'orgue (French) expressly for the organ expressif (m.), expressive (f.) (French) expressive Expression (English, French f., German f.) espressione (Italian f.), Ausdruck (German m.), the act of revealing the spiritual and emotional contents of a composition, of interpreting the conceptions of the author, and of demonstrating the intermingling of these with the personality of the performer. In some cases marks, called 'expression marks' are added by the composer (or by a third party) to guide the player Expression corporelle (French f.) physical expression Expressionism the term applied to early twentieth-century works of art, including music, where the work expresses the artist or composer's state of mind one of the early 'avant=-garde' jazz forms, characterised by high energy and periods when soloists would improvise on simple themes Expressionismus (German m.) expressionism Expressionist (m.), Expressionistin (f.) (German) expressionist Expressionist dance a European dance form related to the German expressionist movement. Although considered as a part of the greater modern dance movement it is separate from 'Modern dance' per se Expressionst dance from which this extract has been taken expressionistisch (German) expressionistic, expressionist, expressionistically Expression mark segno d'espressione (Italian), signe d'expression (French), indication de nuance (French), Vortragszeichen (German) an indication in a musical score where the composer wishes changes in the intensity or dynamics (louder or softer), tempo (quicker or slower) or articulation (stronger or weaker, detached or legato). It can be argued that any musical parameter can be used to expressive effect. Thus, pitch may be varied through the use of portamento or vibrato. However, pitch is generally not included under this heading Expression pedals pedals used by an organist to manipulate the adjustable louvres (louvers) or 'Swell Shades' with which enclosed divisions of the organ are provided. The shades increase or decrease the volume, enabling the organist to give expression to the division or to adjust the volume of solo stops Expression piano an automatic piano, usually electrically operated, in which it is possible to vary the dynamic level during the performance. The variation can be achieved by operating shutters (like a swell box in an organ), by changing the suction level (the greater the suction, the louder the sound) or, on cylinder-operated instruments, by having pins of different lengths Expression stop found on the 'harmonium', the 'expression stop' is a valve which shuts off the wind-reservoir and thus the whole management of the wind is given over to the performer, who by the greater or lesser quantity furnished through the direct use of the bellows pedal(s), can play more or less loud, increase and decrease the tone at leisure Expression, with see 'with expression' expressis verbis (German) explicitly expressiv (German) expressive Expressive aphasia see 'Broca's aphasia' expressive Aphasie (German f.) expressive aphasia Expressive organ harmonium Expresslieferung (German f.) express delivery Express-Sendung (German f.) express mail Expressspur (German f.) express lane Expresszug (German m.) express train, express Expresszustellung (German f.) express delivery exprimer (French) to express (an opinion, etc.) exprimieren (German) to express ex professo (Latin) professedly expt abbreviation of 'experiment' exptl abbreviation of 'experimental' exptr abbreviation of 'exporter' Expulsation (German f.) expulsion expulser (French) to expel, to evict, to send off (football, etc.) Expulsion (French f.) expulsion, eviction expurg. abbreviation of 'expurgate' expurger (French) to expurgate exquis (m.), exquise (f.) (French) exquisite exquisit (German) exquisite, exquisitely, cordon bleu exquisiteste (German) most exquisite exr abbreviation of 'executor' exrx abbreviation of 'executrix' exs abbreviation of 'expenses' Exsanguination (English, German f.) most commonly known as "bleeding to death" Ex-Schüler (German m.) ex-pupil Exsikkator (German m.) desiccator ex silentio (Latin) an argument advanced on the basis of something that might be expected but is found to be missing from an argument Exspiration (German f.) expiration (of breath) Exspirations- (German) expiratory (prefix) Exspirationszeit (German f.) expiration time exspiratorisch (German) expiratory exspiratorischer Akzent (German m.) stress accent exspirieren (German) to expire (exhale), to exhale Exstirpationsnadel (German f.) barbed broach exstirpieren (German) to extirpate [remove] Exsudat (German n.) exudate Exsudation (German f.) exudation exsudieren (German) to exude ext. abbreviation of 'extend', 'extension', 'extent', 'exterior', 'external', 'externally', 'extinct', 'extra', 'extract', 'extraction', 'extreme' ex tacendo (Latin) ex silentio Extase (French f.) ecstasy Extempore (English, German n., Latin, from ex tempore) on the spur of the moment, without prior preparation, unpremeditated, improvised ex tempore (Latin) extempore extemporieren (German) to play on the spur of the moment, to play without prior preparation, to play extempore extemporiren (German, archaic) extemporieren Extemporisation improvisation, the art of composing at sight Extemporise to improvise, to compose at sight, improvvisare (Italian), extemporieren (German), improviser Extemporize to improvise, to compose at sight Extended chords see 'extended tertian sonorities' Extended chord tuning open tuning that allows a guitarist to play open seventh, ninth, eleventh or thirteenth chords. One or more of the strings is retuned to the appropriate note of the required scale. Such tunings may be either minor or major Extended chord tuning from which this extract has been taken Extended compass notes beyond the normal range of a voice or of an instrument Extended effects the effects produced by employing extended techniques, for example, plucking the strings inside a piano Extended dominant a non-diatonic dominant 7th chord that resolves downwards to another dominant chord. A series of extended dominant chords continues to resolve downwards by perfect 5ths until they reach the tonic chord. Typically used in jazz, extended dominants have been used in other contexts as well Extended dominant from which this extract has been taken Extended harmony see 'dispersed harmony' Extended interval augmented interval Extended phrase music is normally written in phrases of four or eight bars. Songs of 32 bars length will usually be comprised of eight four-bar phrases or four eight-bar phrases. Extended, and sometimes truncated phrases, are not uncommon in jazz writing. This is one of many ways to bring variety and interest to the writing Extension of phrase from which this extract has been taken Extended Play (German f.) extended play Extended play a vinyl (PVC) 45 revolutions per minute (rpm) microgroove record, (called EP, for extended play), on which the normal four-minute per side playing time of the standard '45' record was extended to eight minutes Extended-range bass a term that refers to an electric bass guitar with more range (usually meaning more strings, but sometimes additional frets are added for more range) than the "standard" 4-string bass guitar. In practical usage, however, the term is often applied more to basses with more than 6 strings, including 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and even 12-string basses. Also, Knuckle Guitar Works produces a bass guitar tuned one octave lower than a "standard" four-string, which is considered an extended-range bass. "Extended range-bass" does not, however, refer to basses with doubled or tripled octave strings Extended range bass from which this extract has been taken Extended technique a term used in music to describe unconventional, unorthodox or "improper" techniques of singing, or of playing musical instruments Extended technique from which this extract has been taken Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Experimentalism by Matthew Burtner Extended saxophone technique by Jay C Eaton Graded Repertoire with Extended Techniques for unaccompanied Flute, Piccolo, Alto and Bass Flute by Helen Bledsoe Towards a pedagogy of extended techniques for horn by Carol Jean Deats Brass Techniques Notebook by Jesse Nolan (see page 18) Extended tertian sonorities also called 'tall' chords; 9th, 11th and 13th chords Extended chords Extender line a term used in vocal music to describe a line set at the baseline of the lyric used to show the length of a melisma on a one-syllable word or on the last syllable of a word. In the middle of a word a hyphen would be used instead. By convention the end of the extender line should be aligned flush right with the last note of the melisma and not to a point just before the note after the melisma an extender line (solid or dotted) might be used to show the extent to which a performance marking (for example, 8va or a courtesy (8va)) is to be observed Extensão (Portuguese) compass (pitch range of an instrument or a piece of music) (Portuguese) extension extensible (French) expandable, extendible extensif (m.), extensive (f.) (French) extensive Extensio modi (Latin, literally 'lengthening of the mode') where ornamental notes are introduced to extend the rhythmic mode, the reverse of fractio modi Extension (English, French f., German f.) expansion, lengthening, broadening, extending a horizontal line placed immediately to the right of a lyric syllable, to show that a syllable must be held during the following note or notes in dance, term used to describe the ability of a dancer to raise and hold her extended leg en l'air. A dancer is said to have a good extension if, when doing a développé à la seconde, she is able to hold and sustain the raised leg above shoulder level Extension from which this information has been taken a note added to a triad to form a four, five or more note chord. In jazz, a chord is assumed to have four notes - these will be root, 3rd, 5th and 7th. Further extensions - 9th, 11th or 13th - are termed upper extensions (English, French f.) a term used in string playing, for the use of the fourth finger to stop a string above the current position in order to produce a higher note without shifting the whole hand Extension nut an ordinary guitar, either electric or acoustic, can be used for playing slide. Often the strings are raised a little higher off the neck than they would be for ordinary guitar playing. This is especially true if the free fingers are not going to be used for fretting. An extension nut may be used to achieve the higher string height at the peghead end of the neck. This is just a normal nut, with the slots filed less deeply, and often in a straight line rather than following the radius of the fretboard Slide guitar from which this information has been taken Extension organ a pipe organ that uses one or more ranks of pipes longer than the length of its keyboards to serve several different organ stops at different pitches. For example, a rank used as an 8' flute may also be used as a 4' flute simply by providing an extra stop control, to connect the keyboard to the pipes an octave above those that would normally sound. Using a single rank of pipes to support more than one speaking stop is generally known as borrowing, and occurs in several contexts other than extension. In this example, there are no pipes in the original rank to correspond to the top octave of the keyboard. In some cases of borrowing, borrowed ranks simply do not sound out of their ranges, and the player must allow for this. The other possibility is to extend the rank upwards by an extra twelve pipes, and the rank is then known as an extended or extension rank Extension organ from which this information has been taken Extension pedal the 'sustain' pedal, the 'loud' pedal, usually the right pedal on a piano Extensions additional organ pipes, added to the top or bottom of a rank, to permit using the same rank at more than one pitch. For example, the usual 8' rank has 61 pipes, one for each key on the manual; the largest pipe is 8 feet long, and the pitch sounded on each key is the same as that of the piano (8', or unison, pitch). A pitch one octave higher than unison (4' pitch) can be sounded from the same rank by starting with the lowest key of the manual playing the 13th pipe and so on upward; at the top of the rank a 12-pipe extension must be added to complete the compass of the manual a term used to describe the ninth (9th), eleventh (11th) and thirteenth (13th) of a chord (the thirteenth can be written also as a sixth (6th)) Extensionsbrücke (German f.) cantilever bridge extensiv (German) extensive, sweeping (figurative) exténuer (French) to exhaust Extérieur (French m.) outside, exterior extérieur (French) outside, outward (sign, etc.), foreign (affairs, policy, etc.) extérieurement (French) outwardly Exteriorität (German f.) exteriority extérioriser (French) to show, to externalize Extermination (French f.) extermination exterminer (French) to exterminate extern (German) external, off-site, externally Externa (German pl.) external agents External auditory meatus see 'ear canal' Externalisation attributing to outside causes Externalise project, regard as objective externalisieren (German) to externalise Externalisierung (German f.) externalisation Externalität (s.), Externalitäten (pl.) (German f.) externality Externe (French m./f.) day pupil externe (French) external externe Effekte (German pl.) external effects, externalities, spillover effects externe Festplatte (German f.) external hard disk drive externer Effekt (German m.) externality externer Schüler (German m.) nonresident pupil externer Speicher (German m.) external storage, external memory, peripheral memory Extincteur (French m.) fire extinguisher Extinction (French f.) extinction Extinction de voix (French) loss of voice Extinktion (German f.) absorbance, extinction extirper (French) to eradicate extn abbreviation of 'extension' extorquer (French) to extort Extorsion (French f.) extortion extr. abbreviation of 'extraordinary' Extra in the theatre, also called 'supernumerary' or 'super', a walk-on part, most often one in which no words are spoken (German n.) option (optional extra), optional extra (French m.) special treat (meal) extra (French) first-rate (German) especially, on purpose, separate, intentionally, extra (additional), special, apart Extra- (German) special, spare (for use when needed), extra (prefix) Extrablatt (German n.) special edition (newpaper) Extraction (English, French f.) removal Extracto (Spanish m.) excerpt extrad. abbreviation of 'extradition' extrader (French) to extradite Extradition (English, French f.) the removal of a person to another country Extradividende (German f.) bonus extrafein (German) superfine, superfinely, extra-fine extra fein (German) extra fine extrafeiner Zucker (German m.) caster sugar extrafett (German) extra bold, bolder (writing) Extragebühren (German pl.) extra charges extra gefertigt (German) specially made for the occasion Extragewinn (German m.) excess profit extragroß (German) king-size, king-sized, extra-large extrahierbar (German) extractable extrahieren (German) to abstract, to extract, to pull out (tooth), to remove (tooth) extrahierend (German) extracting, extractive extrahiert (German) extracted Extrahierung (German f.) extraction extraire (French) to extract extrait (French) extract, extracted extrakorporal (German) extracorporeal Extrakt (s.), Extrakte (pl.) (German m.) extraction, digest, essence, extract, extractive Extraktion (German f.) extraction extraktiv (German) extractive extralang (German) extra-long extraleicht (German) ultra-light extra-leichtflüssiges Heizöl (German n.) domestic fuel oil Extra-Lob (German n.) special word of praise extra metrum (Latin, literally 'outside the metre') (a syllable or syllables) not to be counted in scansion Extramural carried on outside the bounds of an institution or community extramural (German) extramural Extraneous foreign, far-fetched, remote, superfluous Extraneous flats flats that do not belong to the key Extraneous key a key not related to the original key Extraneous modulation a modulation to a remote, unrelated key Extraneous sharps sharps that do not belong to the key extraordinaire (French) extraordinary extraordinär (German) extraordinary Extraordinariat (German n.) associate professorship (US) extraordinario (Spanish) extraordinary Extraordinarius (German m.) non-tenured professor, associate professor (US) Extrapolation (German f.) extrapolation extrapolieren (German) to extrapolate Extras (German pl.) extras, bits and bobs (colloquial) Extras auf Wunsch (German) optional extras extrasomatisch (German) extrasomatic extrastark (German) extra-tough extraterrestrisch (German) extraterrestrial Extra-textural meaning meaning that originates not in the text being read, but in another related text, for example, through allusion extra trocken (German) extra dry (sparkling wine, champagne) Extravagance (English, French f.) something, usually something quite expensive, beyond necessity Extravagant spending money excessively, excessive, absurd, costing a lot extravagant (German) outré, extravagant, extravagantly, flamboyant, flamboyantly extravagant (m.), extravagante (f.) (French) extravagant extravagante Ideen (German pl.) rampant ideas extravaganter Stil (German m.) panache extravagante Werbung (German f.) extravagant publicity Extravaganz (German f.) extravagance, flamboyancy, pizzazz (colloquial), flamboyance Extravaganza (English, German f.) any lavishly staged or spectacular entertainment (German f.) extravagance (building, spectacle) Extravaganza (Italian, from stravaganza) stage entertainment with music, written in a free informal style in some circumstances, this term is applied to a decoration or performance that is considered eccentric, irregular, redundant or in bad taste extra verlangen (German) to charge extra Extraversion (English, German f.) a state of being concerned more with practical realities than with inner thoughts and feelings Extravert (m.), Extravertie (f.) (French) extrovert extravertieren (German) to extravert, to extrovert extravertiert (German) extroverted, extraverted, extrovert Extravertierte (German pl.) extraverts extravertierter Mensch (German m.) extrovert Extravertiertheit (German f.) extraversion Extravertiertsein (German n.) extraversion Extrawurst (German f.) something special, special treatment Extrazimmer (German n.) snug (a room in a public house), separate room (in a restaurant, pub, bar) extrem (German) extreme, extremely, thoroughgoing, immoderate, desperate (situation, solution), ruinous (price), ferocious (colloquial), most (before an adjective), rigorous (marked by extremes) Extrema (German pl.) extremes Extrembedingungen (German pl.) extreme conditions extrem dicht besiedelt (German) extremely densely populated extrem dünn (German) scraggy (derogatory) Extreme augmented state, when talking about intervals the lowest and highest parts in speaking of part-writing or part-music an unrelated key, when speaking of keys extreme sixth, the name occasionally given to the chord of the augmented sixth (German pl.) excesses Extrême (French m.) extreme extrême (French) extreme extreme Ansichten (German pl.) extreme views, radical views Extreme interval augmented interval extreme Kälte (German f.) perishing cold Extreme key a remote key, generally one with a great many sharps or flats, specifically the major keys with five or more sharps or flats and their relative minors Extremely to the greatest degree, very much, estremamente (Italian), sehr (German), extrêmement (French) Extremely fast very quick, as quick as possible, allegro molto (Italian), presto (Italian), prestissimo (Italian) , sehr schnell (German), très vite (French) extreme Meinungen (German pl.) extreme views extrêmement (French) extremely extrêmement lent (French) lentissimo, largo assai Extreme metal a broad term of heavy metal music sub-genres that are characterised by more aggressive styles, such as black metal, death metal, grindcore, and thrash metal Extrême-Orient (French m.) Far East Extreme parts the highest and lowest parts, whatever voices or instruments may be employed. Should the bass have a pedal note, then the part next above that is considered the lowest of the extreme parts extremer Nationalismus (German m.) jingoism extremer Rechtsaußen (German m.) extreme right-winger (politically) Extreme sixth a name occasionally given to the interval of an augmented sixth extreme Steigerung (German f.) maximisation extreme Temperaturschwankungen (German pl.) extreme variations in temperature extreme Wachsamkeit (German f.) hypervigilance Extremfälle (German pl.) extreme cases Extremfeministin (German f.) extreme feminist [female] Extremismus (German m.) extremism Extremist (s.), Extremisten (pl.) (German m.) extremist, lunatic fringe (pl.) Extrémiste (French m./f.) extremist Extremistengruppe (German f.) extremist group Extremität (s.), Extremitäten (pl.) (German f.) limb, extremity extremitätenlos (German) limbless Extrémité (French f.) extremity, end, dire straits (misery) extrémités (French) extremes extrem konservativ (German) ultraconservative extrem links (German) on the far left (politically) extrem lustig (German) hilarious extrem niedrig (German) extremely low extrem peinlich (German) cringe-making extrem sauber (German) spit and polish extrem sentimental (German) namby-pamby (colloquial) Extremsituation (German f.) extreme situation extremste (German) most extreme Extremwert (German m.) extreme value, extreme, extremum Extrinsezismus (German m.) extrinsicism Extrinsicism an intrinsic property is a property that an object or a thing has of itself, independently of other things, including its context. An extrinsic (or relational) property is a property that depends on a thing's relationship with other things. For example, mass is a physical intrinsic property of any physical object, whereas weight is an extrinsic property that varies depending on the strength of the gravitational field in which the respective object is placed Extrinsicism from which this extract has been taken extrinsisch (German) extrinsic Extro or outro (sometimes "outtro"), is a literary term used to indicate the conclusion to a piece. It is the opposite of an intro. In music, the proper term for this is the recapitulation, or in short, the 'recap'. 'Outro' is a more informal way of expressing this Extroversion (German f.) extroversion extrovertiert (German) extrovert, extroverted Extrovertierter (m.), Extrovertierte (f.), Extrovertierte (pl.) (German) extrovert extrovertierter Mensch (German m.) extrovert Extruder (English, German m.) the act or process of pushing or thrusting out, the act or process of shaping by forcing through a die Extrudieren (German n.) extrusion extrudieren (German) to extrude extrudierend (German) extruding extrudiert (German) extruded Extrusion (German f.) a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile in which a material is pushed or drawn through a die of the desired cross-section Extrusionsblasen (German n.) extrusion blow moulding Extrusionsblasmaschine (German f.) blow mould machine Exubérance (French f.) exuberance exubérant (m.), exubérante (f.) (French) exuberant Exulanten (German pl.) emigrants for religious reasons, especially Protestants exulter (French) to exult Exultetrolle (German f.) Exultet Roll Exultet Roll a manuscript roll from which a deacon read the liturgy for Easter, with pictures places inverted with respect to the text so as to be visible to the congregation as the roll wrapped over the pulpit, originating almost exclusively from southern Italy ex-und-hopp (German) throwaway Ex-und-hopp-Mentalität (German f.) throwaway mentality ex ungue leonum (Latin, literally 'you can judge a lion from its paw') you can judge the whole by a part Exutoire (French m.) outlet Exuvia (s.), Exuviae (pl.) (Latin) cast-off skin, shell, etc. of living creatures Exuvie (German f.) exuvia ex voto (Latin) (an offering, a deed, etc.) made in pursuance of a vow (or a prayer answered) exx abbreviation of 'examples', 'executrix' exzellent (German) brilliant, excellent exzellente Idee (German f.) brilliant idea exzellenter Schriftsteller (German m.) brilliant writer Exzellenz (s.), Exzellenzen (pl.) (German f.) Excellency, majesty Exzenter (German m.) eccentric tappet Exzenterachse (German f.) eccentric shaft Exzenterbolzen (German m.) eccentric bolt Exzenterhebel (German m.) cam lever Exzenterkupplung (German f.) eccentric coupling Exzenter-Maschine (German f.) eccentric action machine Exzenterniet (German m.) eccentric rivet Exzenterpresse (German f.) eccentric press Exzenterrad (German n.) cam gear Exzenterring (German m.) eccentric ring Exzenterschleifer (German m.) random orbital sander, router, random orbit sander, orbital sander, rotary sander Exzenterschnecke (German f.) eccentric screw Exzenter-Schnecke (German f.) eccentric screw Exzenterschraube (German f.) eccentric screw Exzenterstange (German f.) eccentric rod Exzenterwelle (German f.) eccentric shaft Exzentriker (m.), Exzentrikerin (f.) (German) oddball, crackpot (colloquial), eccentric exzentrisch (German) eccentrically, bizarre, eccentric, off-centre, out of centre, singular, offbeat (colloquial: eccentric), off-centred exzentrische Abnutzung (German f.) eccentric wear Exzentrizität (s.), Exzentrizitäten (pl.) (German f.) eccentricity, eccentricities (pl.) exzeptionell (German) exceptional Exzerpieren (German n.) excerption exzerpieren (German) to excerpt Exzerpt (German n.) excerpt, extract exzerptieren (German) to extract Exzess (s.), Exzesse (pl.) (German m.) excess, kurtosis exzessiv (German) excessive exzessiver Schleim (German m.) excessive mucus Exzidieren (German n.) excision exzidieren (German) to excise Exzision (German f.) excision Exzitation (German f.) excitation exzitatorisch (German) excitatory Eyecatcher (German m.) eye catcher Eye catcher a striking person or thing that attracts attention Eye-Catcher (German m.) eye catcher Eye dialect a type of metaplasmus using unconventional spellings to represent conventional pronunciation Eye-hand span the ability to sight read partly depends on a strong musical memory. An experiment on sight reading using an eye tracker indicates that highly skilled musicians tend to look ahead further in the music, storing and processing the notes until they are played; this is referred to as the eye-hand span Eyeliner (German m.) eyeliner Eye-Liner (German m.) eyeliner Eyelinerpinsel (German m.) eyeliner brush Eye music Augenmusik (German), music that is pleasing or puzzling to the eye, regardless of how it sounds to the ear. In some cases, the music may make no sense to the ear, but has a secret puzzle or message when visually analyzed. This music was most common in the Middle Ages and Renaissance eras Eye music Eye rhyme rhyming words that seem to rhyme when written down as text because parts of them are spelled identically, but which are pronounced differently from each other in modern English. Examples include forth/worth, come/home, bury/fury, stove/shove, or ear/bear Literary Terms and Definitions from which this extract has been taken ez abbreviation of 'easy' Eyresee (German m.) Lake Eyre (a shallow salt lake of south-central Australia, the largest lake in the country and the lowest point on the continent) Eyreseebecken (German n.) Lake Eyre Basin Ezcudantza a Basque dancet for two performers using the voice or the pipe and tabor Ezechiel (German m.) Ezekiel Ezekiel a Hebrew prophet of the 6th century BC who was exiled to Babylon in 587 BC Ezengileer named after the word for stirrup in Tyvan, ezengi, a type of Tuvan xoomii said to imitate the trotting of horses Ezzes (German pl., from Yiddish) words of advice