| EO | abbreviation of 'education officer' |
| e.o. | abbreviation of ex officio |
| EOA | abbreviation of 'examination, opinion and advice' |
| e.o.d. | abbreviation of 'every other day' |
| EOE | on an invoice, abbreviation of 'errors and omissions excepted' |
| e.o.h.p. | abbreviation of 'except otherwise herein provided' |
| Eolia | (Italian) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Eolian | (Greek) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Eolian harp | see Æolian harp |
| Eólico (m.), Eólica (f.) | (Spanish) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Eolien (m.), Eolienne (f.) | (French) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Eolien mode | see 'Æolian mode' |
| Eolifono | (Italian m.) wind machine |
| Eolio | (Italian) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Eólio | (Portuguese) Aeolian, Æolian |
| Éoliphone | (French m.) wind machine |
| eolique | (French) Aeolian, Æolian |
| e.o.m. | abbreviation of 'every other month', 'end of month' |
| e.o.o.e. | abbreviation of erreur ou omission exceptée (French: errors and omissions excepted; on invoice forms) |
| E-Orgel | (German f.) short for elektronische Orgel (German f.), 'electronic organ' |
| EP | abbreviation of 'educational psychologist'. 'expanded polystyrene', 'extended-play' (gramophone record) |
| Ep. | abbreviation of Episcopus (Latin: Bishop), 'epistle' |
| e.p. | abbreviation of editio princeps (Latin: first edition) |
| Épagneul (m.), Épagneule (f.) | (French) spaniel (breed of dog) |
| épais, épaisse | (French) thick |
| Épaisseur | (French f.) thickness |
| Épanchement | (French m.) out-pouring, effusiveness |
| épanoui | (French) beaming (happy visual expression), radiant |
| Épanouissement | (French m.) blossoming, full bloom |
| Épargne | (French f.) saving, savings |
| Épargnant (m.), Épargnante (f.) | (French) saver |
| épargner | (French) to save, to spare |
| éparpiller | (French) to scatter |
| épars, éparse | (French) scattered |
| épatant, épatante | (French) amazing |
| épater | (French) to amaze |
| Épaule | (French f.) shoulder |
| Épaulement | (French, literally 'shouldering') in dance, the placing of the shoulders. A term used to indicate a movement of the torso from the waist upward, bringing one shoulder forward and the other backwith the head turned or inclined over the forward shoulder. The two fundamental positions of épaulement are croisé and effacé. When épaulement is used the position of the head depends upon the position of the shoulders and the shoulder position depends upon the position of the legs. Épaulement gives the finishing artistic touch to every movement and is a characteristic feature of the modern classical style compared to the old French style, which has little épaulement |
- Épaulement from which this information has been taken
|
| épauler | (French) to raise (an army), to support (aid) |
| Épave | (French f.) wreck |
| EPC | abbreviation of 'Educational Publishers' Council', 'evaporative pattern-casting' |
| EPCS | acronym for 'electronic page composition system' |
| see 'digital page composition' |
| EPD | abbreviation of 'earliest practicable date' |
| Épée | (French f.) a sword, the foil (with a point protected by a button) used in fencing |
| épeler | (French) to spell |
| éperdu | (French) wild, frantic |
| éperdument | (French) wildly, frantically |
| Épergne | (English, from the French épargne, literally 'economy') or dessus de table, an ornamental centre-piece for a dinner-table |
| Éperon | (French m.) spur |
| éperonner | (French) to spur, to spur on |
| Épervier | (French m.) sparrow-hawk |
| Ephebus (s.), Ephebi (pl.) | (Latin from Greek) a young man (originally, a Greek citizen between 18 and 20 years of age) |
| Ephemera | written and printed matter published with a short intended lifetime |
- Ephemera from which this extract has been taken
|
| éphémère | (French) ephemeral |
| Éphéméride | (French f.) tear-off calendar |
| Ephemeris (s.), Ephemerides (pl.) | (Greek) an astronomical almanac |
Ephemeron (English s., Greek s.), Ephemera (Greek pl., English f.), Ephemerae (English pl.)
Ephemeras (English pl.) | (English from Greek) any person or thing that has only a transitory existence |
| Épi | (French m) ear (wheat, etc.) |
| E-Piano | (German n.) short for elektronisches Piano (German n.), 'electronic piano', 'electric piano' |
| Epiaula | (Greek) the ancient Greek song of the millers |
| EPIC | abbreviation of 'Engineering and Production Information Council' |
| epicamente | (Italian) in an epic style |
| Épice | (French f.) spice |
| épicé | (French) spicy |
| Epicede | (English) epicedium |
| Epicède | (French) epicedium |
| Epicedio | (Italian) epicedium, an elegy, dirge, funeral song or ode |
| Epicedion (s.), Epicedia (pl.) | (Anglicized Greek) epicedium (Latin), an elegy, dirge, funeral song or ode |
| Epicedium (s.), Epicedia (pl.) | (Latin) epikedeion (Greek), funeral song, elegy |
| épicer | (French) to spice |
| Épicerie | (French f.) grocery shop, groceries |
| Épicier (m.), Épicière (f.) | (French) grocer |
| epico | (Italian) epic, heroic |
| Epic opera | highly dramatic musical theatre associated with Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) and Kurt Weill (1900-1950). The Threepenny Opera, Brecht and Weill's most famous collaboration was first performed in 1928. It was revolutionary for its staging, which ignored conventions like the 'fourth wall' as well as using slide projections simultaneously with live action, for the way that the actors broke character, carrying picket signs or conversing with the audience, and for the fact that the roots of its music lay in cabaret and jazz rather than the classical genre. Brecht wanted to create a new form of theatre, one he called 'Epic', one designed to raise political awareness in its audience |
| Epict. | abbreviation of Epictetus (Greek Stoic philosopher (c.55-110 AD)) |
| Epic trance | see 'uplifting trance' |
| epid. | abbreviation of 'epidemic' |
| Épi de cheveux | (French m.) tuft of hair |
| Épidémie | (French f.) epidemic |
| Épiderme | (French m.) skin |
| Epidermis | (Greek) skin |
| Epidiapente | (Greek, literally 'a fifth above') canon at the fifth |
| Epidotonos | (Italian) the third above |
| épier | (French) to spy on |
| Epigone | (Greek) disciple, follower, imitator, usually in a later generation |
| Epigoneion | (Greek) also epigonion or epigonium, a 40 string kithara placed and played on one's knees, epi gonatos although others suggest the instrument is named after its inventor. or introducer, Epigonus |
| Epigonos | (Greek, literally 'born after') the sons of the chiefs that fell in the first war against Thebes were called epigonoi, meaning 'after-born'. The expression has been applied to those composers who follows paths established by their predecessors rather than striking out on their own |
| Epigram | What is an epigram? A dwarfish whole, its body brevity, and wit its soul
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English critic & poet (1772-1834) |
| Epigraphy | (Greek, literally 'written upon') the study of inscriptions or epigraphs engraved into stone or other permanent materials, or cast in metal, the science of classifying them as to cultural context and date, elucidating them and assessing what conclusions can be deduced from them. The person who studies this is called an epigrapher. The study of ancient handwriting, usually in ink, is a separate field, paleography |
- Epigraphy from which this extract has been taken
|
| epil. | abbreviation of 'epilogue' |
| Epilenia | (Greek) the ancient Greek song of the grape-gatherers |
| Épilepsie | (French f.) epilepsy |
| Épileptique | (French m./f.) epileptic |
| épileptique | (French) epileptic |
| épiler | (French) to remove unwanted hair from, to pluck (hair) |
| Epilog | (German n.) epilogue |
| Epilogue | in music, concluding piece or part, coda |
| Épilogue | (French m.) epilogue, outcome (figurative) |
| Épinard | (French m.) spinach (plant) |
| Épinards | (French m.) spinach (food) |
| Épine | (French f.) thorn, prickle, spine (of an animal) |
| Épine dorsale | (French f.) backbone |
| Épinette | (French f., literally 'spinet') often used in France as a general word to refer to any jack-action instrument including, at times, the harpsichord |
| Épinette á l'italienne | (French f., literally 'Italian-style spinet') term used in France during the 17th- and 18th-centuries to refer to bentside spinets |
| Épinette des Vosges | (French f.) French instrument of the dulcimer family, it is oblong, often with 7 strings, 3 of which are fretted |
|
| épineux (m.), épineuse (f.) | (French) thorny |
| Épingle | (French f.) pin |
| Épingle de nourrice | (French f.) safety-pin |
| Épingle de sûreté | (French f.) safety-pin |
| épingler | (French) to pin, to nab (arrest) |
| Epinicio | (Italian, after the Greek) song of victory, a triumphal song |
| Epinicion (s.), Epinicia (pl.) | (after the Greek) or epinicium, song of victory, a triumphal song |
| Epiodion | (Greek) funeral song |
| Epionion | (Greek) epigoneion |
| Epiph. | abbreviation of 'Epiphany' |
| Epiphenomenon | (Latin, from Greek) a secondary development, a secondary symptom |
| épique | (French) epic |
| Epis. | abbreviation of 'Episcopalian', 'epistle' |
| Epsicopus vagans (s.), Episcopi vagantes (pl.) | (Latin) a 'wandering' bishop (a bishop with no see who is free to administer priest's order in any part of the world) |
| Episode | épisode (French), divertissement (French), sviluppo (Italian), elaborazione (Italian), episodio (Spanish) |
| a subsiduary or subordinate part of a work, a digression. For example, the music written between the repeated section (or refrain) of a rondo, or between the entries of the subjects in a fugue or sonata. The episode in a fugue, which lies between appearances of the theme, is a medium for modulation from one key, or groups of keys, to another |
| Épisode | (French m.) episode |
| Episodical form | an example of ternary or ABA form, episodical form consists of three parts: statement of the principal theme, an episode (for example, in a rondo, a theme or subject matter of secondary importance to the principal theme), and finally a repeat of the principal theme |
| a term sometimes used synonymously with 'rondo form' |
| episodicamente | (Italian) in the manner of an episode |
| episodico | (Italian) episodic, digressive |
| episódico (m.), episódico (f.) | (Spanish) episodic, digressive |
| Episodio | (Spanish m.) episode |
| episodio | (Italian) episodic, digressive |
| Episódio | (Portuguese m.) episode |
| Episódio harmônico | (Portuguese m.) harmonic episode |
| Episódio melódico | (Portuguese m.) melodic episode |
| épisodique | (French) occasional |
| episodisch | (German) in the manner of an episode |
| Epistle | a recited section of the mass that precedes the gradual |
| Epistle Sonatas | at various times they have been called 'Organ Sonatas', 'Epistle Sonatas', 'Sonatas for Various Instruments with Organ', 'Festival Sonatas', Sonata da chiesa, and 'Church Sonatas', but in his autographs Mozart simply called them 'Sonata' and in a letter he referred to them as Sonate all' epistola (Sonata at the Epistle) |
|
| Epistola | (Spanish f.) epistle |
| Epistrophe | (from the Greek) in music, the recurrence at the end of a movement of a melody which had appeared in another movement of the same work |
|
| epit. | abbreviation of 'epitaph', 'epitome' |
| Epitalamio | (Italian) epithalamium |
| Épitaphe | (French f.) epitaph |
| Epithalamas | (French) epithalamium |
| Epithalamion | (Greek) wedding song, a nuptial song or ode |
| Epithalamium (s.), Epithalamia (pl.) | (Latin from the Greek epithalamion) wedding song, a nuptial song or ode |
| Épithète | (French f.) epithet |
| Epitome | a series of extracts from or condensed version of a written work, an abridgment, a compendium |
| Epitome musicale, l' (1556) | short form of the title of Epitome musical, sons et accordz, es voix humaines, fleustes d'Alleman, fluestes ... neuf trous, violes, et violons, written by Philibert Jambe de Fer (c.1520-c.1566), published in Lyon, and which includes information about the recorder, the transverse flute, the viola da gamba and members of the violin family |
| Épître | (French f.) epistle |
| Épîtres farcies | (French f. pl., literally 'glossed or farsed epistles') vernacular contrafacta of tunes such as the hymn Veni creator, commenting on the Latin epistles. A farse was a word or phrase inserted into the ordained words of prayers and of the Roman Catholic Mass. From the 9th to the 12th centuries, tropes (extra phrases) began to be added both to the music and to the texts of the Latin liturgy |
|
| Epizeuxis | or palilogia, the repetition of a single word, with no other words in between |
|
| éploré | (French) tearful |
| Épluche-légumes | (French m.) (potato) peeler |
| Épluchage | (French m.) peeling, scrutiny (figurative) |
| éplucher | (French) to peel, to scrutinize (figurative) |
| Épluchure | (French f.) piece of peel, peeling |
| Épluchures | (French f. pl.) peelings |
| EPNdB | abbreviation of 'effective perceived noise decibels' |
| EPNS | abbreviation of 'electroplated nickel silver' |
| Época medieval | (Spanish f.) medieval period |
| Epode | (from the Greek) the concluding part of an ode |
| e poi | (Italian) and then |
| e poi la coda | (Italian) and then to the coda |
| e poi segue la coda | (Italian) and then follows the coda |
| Éponge | (French f.) sponge |
| éponge, baguette d' | (French f.) a sponge-headed drum stick |
| éponger | (French) to sponge up (liquid), to sponge down (a surface), to mop, to wipe out (debts) |
| Épopée | (French f.) epic, an epic poem, epic poetry in general |
| Époque | (French f.) time, period |
| Époque classique | (French f.) Classical period |
| Époque de la Renaissance | (French f.) Renaissance period |
| Époque médiévale | (French f.) Medieval period |
| Époque romantique | (French f.) Romantic period |
| EPOS | abbreviation of 'electronic point of sale' |
| Epos | (Greek) a sequence of unwritten narrative poems put together later into epic poems, a series of heroic events considered fit to be recorded in an epic |
| époumoner | (French) to tire the lungs |
| Épouse | (French f.) wife |
| épouser | (French) to marry |
| (French) to assume (shape, idea), to embrace, to adopt |
| épousseter | (French) dust |
| époustouflant (m.), époustouflante (f.) | (French) staggering |
| épouvantable | (French) appalling |
| Épouvantail | (French m.) scarecrow |
| Épouvante | (French f.) terror |
| épouvanter | (French) to terrify |
| Époux | (French m.) husband |
| époux, les | (French) the married couple |
| EPR | abbreviation of 'ethylene-propylene rubber' |
| Épreuve | (French f.) test, event (sporting), ordeal, print (photograph), proof (printer's) |
| épris (m.), éprise (m.) | (French) captivated, on the point of falling in love |
| EPROM | abbreviation of 'erasable programmable read-only memory' |
| éprouvé | (French) proven, well-proven |
| éprouvant (m.), éprouvante (f.) | (French) testing |
| éprouver | (French) to test, to experience, to distress |
| Éprouvette | (French f.) test-tube |
| EPT | abbreviation of 'ethylene-propylene terpolymer' (a synthetic rubber) |
| Eptacorde | (French f.) a scale of seven notes |
| (French) the interval of a seventh |
| a seven-stringed lyre of the Greeks |
| Eptacordo | (Italian m.) eptacorde |
| Eptaméride | or heptaméride, 1/301 part of an octave. Both spellings are used by Sauveur (see méride and savart). Sauveur's rule to find the number of eptamérides of intervals smaller than 7/6 is as follows: multiply the difference of numerator and denominator with 875 and divide by the sum of numerator and denominator and round the result to the nearest integer. This is known as the bimodular method of approximating logarithms and can be used for other measures as well |
|
| Eptanissian music | (Greek) or 'Heptanesian cantatha', the songs of the Ionian islands, which during the Ottoman period of mainland Greece were under Italian rule and influence. The songs known as Eptanissian, became the forerunners of the Greek modern song |
| épuisé | (French) out of print (book, etc.) |
| épuisé (m.), épuisée (f.) | (French) exhausted, worn out |
| Épuisement | (French m.) exhaustion |
| épuiser | (French) to exhaust (tire) |
| Épuisette | (French f.) fishing-net |
| Épuration | (French f.) purification, purge (politics) |
| épurer | (French) to purify, to purge (politics) |
| Epus. | abbreviation of Episcopus (Latin: Bishop) |
| eq. | abbreviation of 'equal', 'equate', 'equation', 'equator', 'equatorial', 'equipment', 'equity', 'equivalent' |
| eqn | abbreviation of 'equation' |
| eqpt | abbreviation of 'equipment' |
| equabile | (Italian) equable |
| (Italian) even, uniform, alike, equal |
| equabilmente | (Italian) equably, similarly, smoothly, evenly |
| Equale (s.), Equali (pl.) | (Italian, literally 'equal') or eguale, in 18th- and early 19th-centuries, the music for a funeral quartet of trombones |
| music for any quartet where all the instruments are the same |
| Equal counterpoint | counterpoint using equal temperament |
| Equal interval method | Lyle "Spud" Murphy spent many years teaching his composing and arranging process and among the noted musicians who trained under him were the pianists Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock and Gerald "Wig" Wiggins, the trumpeter Quincy Jones and the flautist Buddy Collette. David Blumberg, who wrote arrangements for the Grammy-winning Ray Charles album Genius Loves Company, teaches courses on Murphy's method, which he describes as "a simple way to deal with 12 notes by using six intervals. And that use of six intervals, when mastered, would allow anyone to write any style of music freely." The method, says Blumberg, "is an encyclopaedia of musical tools that you can use all your life" |
| Equalisation | (English, German f.) the result of using a device called an 'equaliser' |
| Equaliser | (English, German m.) or equalizer', a device, which allows attenuation or emphasis of selected frequencies in the audio spectrum. Equalizers usually contain many bands to allow the user a fine degree of frequency control over the sound |
|
| Equalizer | see 'equaliser' |
| Equalizzatore | (Italian m.) equaliser |
| Equal-loudness contour | a measure of sound pressure (dB SPL), over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness. The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon, and by definition two sine waves that have equal phons are equally loud |
|
| equalmente | (Italian) evenly, alike |
| Equal temperament | temperamento igual (Spanish), temperamento equabile (Italian), tempérament égal (French), gleichschwebende Stimmung (German) |
| the modern method of tuning, also called '12-tet', '12-eq', '12edo', '12-et' or '12-equal', where the interval of an octave is exact (2:1) and the interval, expressed as the ratio of the two frequencies, between each successive semitone is equal to the twelfth root of 2 (i.e. 2^(1/12)) |
| Tom Dent, in a contribution to the clavichord yahoo group, writes "Every equal temperament can be obtained by dividing the octave into equal intervals. Every equal temperament (including those with 19, 31, etc. notes per octave) is regular, but not every regular temperament
is equal. A regular temperament is equal if and only if it has a closed cycle of fifths - i.e. you get back to the starting pitch
after a fixed number of steps." |
| notes | frequency Hz (octaves) |
| A | 55.00 | 110.00 | 220.00 | 440.00 | 880.00 |
| A# | 58.27 | 116.54 | 233.08 | 466.16 | 932.32 |
| B | 61.74 | 123.48 | 246.96 | 493.92 | 987.84 |
| C | 65.41 | 130.82 | 261.64 | 523.28 | 1046.56 |
| C# | 69.30 | 138.60 | 277.20 | 554.40 | 1108.80 |
| D | 73.42 | 146.84 | 293.68 | 587.36 | 1174.72 |
| D# | 77.78 | 155.56 | 311.12 | 622.24 | 1244.48 |
| E | 82.41 | 164.82 | 329.64 | 659.28 | 1318.56 |
| F | 87.31 | 174.62 | 349.24 | 698.48 | 1396.96 |
| F# | 92.50 | 185.00 | 370.00 | 740.00 | 1480.00 |
| G | 98.00 | 196.00 | 392.00 | 784.00 | 1568.00 |
| G# | 103.83 | 207.66 | 415.32 | 830.64 | 1661.28 |
|
| by removing the twelfth root of the Pythagorean comma from each interval in a chain of twelve fifths (3/2), the Pythagorean 3-limit scale is tempered to fit the 2-limit equal temperament (based on powers of 2/1) |
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| Equal voices | originally the term applied to choral works where all the voices were identical, for example, sopranos |
| the term is now used to indicated all voices of the same type, i.e. boy's voices (soprano and alto), women's voices (soprano, mezzo-soprano and contralto) or male voices (tenor, baritone and bass) |
| Équateur | (French m.) equator |
| Équation | (French f.) equation |
| Equator | the great circle on the surface of a body formed by the intersection of the surface of the body and the plane passing through the centre of the body at right angles to the axis of rotation |
| équatorial | (French) equatorial |
| Équatorial (s.) équatoriaux (pl.) | (French m.) equatorial |
| Équerre | (French f.) set square, square |
| Équestrienne | (pseudo-French) a female horse-rider, a female circus rider |
| this word does not exist in standard French |
| equil. | abbreviation of 'equilibrium' |
| Equilibre | (French m.) balance |
| équilibré | (French) well-balanced |
| équilibrer | (French) to balance |
| Équilibriste | (French m./f.) tightrope walker |
| Equilibrium | (Latin) a state of even balance, neutrality or indifference in judgment |
| Équinoxe | (French m.) equinox |
| equip. | abbreviation of 'equipment' |
| Équipage | (French m.) crew |
| Equipamento | (Portuguese) 'gear' (the colloquial term for the equipment of a band) |
| Équipe | (French f) team |
| Équipe de jour | (French f.) day shift |
| Équipe de nuit | (French f.) night shift |
| Équipée | (French f.) escapade |
| Équipement | (French m.) equipment |
| Équipements | (French m. pl.) amenities, facilities |
| équiper | (French) to equip |
| équiper de | (French) to equip with |
| Équipier (m.), Équipière (f.) | (French) team member |
| Equisonance | the consonance of the unison and its octaves |
| Equisonant | of the same, or like sound (thus, a unison, octaves, double octave, etc.) |
| in guitar music, a term used to express the different ways of stopping the same note |
| Equisonnance | (French) the consonance of the unison and its octaves |
| Equisono | (Italian) equisonant, i.e. in unison, octaves, double octave, etc. |
| équitable | (French) fair |
| équitablement | (French) fairly |
| Équitation | (French f.) riding, horse-riding |
| Équité | (French f.) equity |
| equiv. | abbreviation of 'equivalent' |
| Équivalence | (French f.) equivalence |
| Équivalence des octaves | (French f.) octave equivalence |
| Equivalence interval | also called 'interval of equivalence' or 'formal octave' is that interval (much larger than a unison) which, when it occurs between two pitches, they are considered to be, in some sense, (formally if not perceptibly) the same note. For most scales this is the octave 2:1 |
| équivalent (m.), équivalente (f.) | (French) equivalent |
| Equivalente enarmónica | (Spanish f.) enharmonic equivalent |
| Equivalent rectangular bandwidth | the equivalent rectangular bandwidth or 'ERB' is a measure used in psychoacoustics |
|
| équivaloir à | (French) to be equivalent to |
| équivaut | (French) is equivalent to |
| equivocado | (Spanish) mistaken |
| Equivocal | chords that by a slight change in notation belong to more than one key |
| Equivocal chord | a chord which can be resolved into several distinct keys, one whose intervals, being all minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root, i.e. the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh chord |
| Equivocale | (Italian) equivocal |
| equivocarse | (Spanish) to be mistaken |
| Équivoque | (French f.) ambiguity |
| équivoque | (French) equivocal, questionable |
| ER | abbreviation of Eduardus Rex (Latin: King Edward), Elizabeth Regina (Latin: Queen Elizabeth), 'efficiency report', 'emergency room' |
| er | abbreviation of 'elder' |
| Érable | (French m.) Ahorn (German m.), Esdoorn (Dutch), legno di acero (Italian m.), maple |
| érafler | (French) to scratch |
| Éraflure | (French f.) scratch |
| éraillé (m.), érailleé (f.) | (French) raucous (voice, etc.) |
| E'raqyeh | an Egyptian oboe |
|
| Eras. | abbreviation of 'Desiderius Erasmus' (Dutch scholar and humanist (1466-1536)) |
| Erbarmen | (German n.) pity |
| erbittert | (German) amareggiato (Italian), embittered, verbittert (German), aigri (French) |
| Erdgeist | (German m.) the Spirit of the Earth whom Johann Wolfgang von Goethe describes in Faust, Part 1, widely considered to be one of the greatest works in the history of German literature. Goethe depicts Erdgeist as a timeless being who endlessly weaves at the Time-Loom - both in life and in death. In this conception, Erdgeist is the means by which the immaterial becomes manifest |
| in the German language, erdgeist literally means Earth spirit. In the context of German folklore, erdgeist specifically refers to a gnome, the quintessential earth elemental invented by Paracelsus |
- Erdgeist from which both entries have been taken
|
| erdröhnen | (German) to resound |
| Ère | (French f.) era |
| Érection | (French f.) erection |
| éreinter | (French) to exhaust, to criticize severely (figurative) |
| Eremwu eu | a rhythmic a cappella song of the Garifuna of Honduras and Belize |
| erfahren | (German) experienced |
| Erfahrung | (German f.) experience |
| erfinderisch | (German) ingenious (person) |
| Erfolg | (German m.) success |
| erfreulich | (German) joyful, rejoicing |
| Ergänzung | (German f.) supplement |
| Ergänzungband | (German m.) supplement (to a book) |
| Ergastulum (s.), Ergastula (pl.) | (Latin) a private prison or place of punishment for slaves |
| ergo | (Latin) therefore |
| ergoter | (French) to quibble |
| ergriffen | (German) struck, affected, gripped, stirred, deeply moved |
| Ergriffenheit | (German f.) emotion, agitation |
| erhaben | (German) sublime, exalted, lofty, noble |
| Erhabenheit | (German f.) sublimity, nobility |
| erhaltene Werke | (German) surviving works |
| erheben | (German) to raise, to elevate, to lift up the hand (for example, when beating time) |
| erhebend | (German) rising, alzando (Italian), en élevant, (French) |
| Erhebung | (German f.) raising (for example, the pitch of a note), elevation (for example, of the hand when beating time) |
| Erhebungszeichen | (German n.) a sign that indicates the chromatic raising of the pitch of a note, i.e. a sharp or double sharp sign |
| erhöhen | (German) to raise, to elevate, to lift up the hand (for example, when beating time) |
| erhöhte Sitz | (German m.) a dais |
| Erhöhung | (German f.) raising (for example, the pitch of a note), elevation (for example, of the hand when beating time) |
| Erhöhungszeichen | (German n.) signe d'élévation (French m.), a sign that indicates the chromatic raising of the pitch of a note, i.e. a sharp or double sharp sign |
| Erhu | (Chinese) or er-hu, a Chinese bowed instrument, also called the hu-qin or nanhu, similar to a violin but with only two strings (tuned a fifth apart) and a range of three octaves, which, although dating back to the Song Dynasty (c.1100 AD), has been used as a solo instrument only since the early twentieth century. The instrument measures around three feet long with a long neck and a relatively small soundbox three or four inches in diameter and five to six inches deep available in several shapes (round, hexagonal, or octagonal). The scroll is often decorated with a carving of a dragon's head or a crescent moon and the soundbox is often decorated. The erhu is also used with a metal clamp or silk string clamp that acts as a capo to change the open pitches of the strings. The bow is made of bamboo. The sound of the erhu is similar to a violin although much thinner in its timbre |
| name | description | use |
| panhu | 'piccolo' form that sounds one octave higher then the standard erhu | in a Chinese orchestra, the principal erhu player will perform on it as required |
| gaohu | sounds a fourth higher than the standard erhu | developed from the erhu by the renowned Cantonese musician Lui Man-shing in the 1920s |
| erhu | the standard instrument | during the period 1910-1930, the celebrated musician Liu Tianhua developed the instrument from being mainly an accompanying instrument to that of a solo instrument. It is now one of the main instruments in the Chinese orchestra |
| zhonghu | 'alto' erhu, available in three different sizes | plays tenor parts, those played below the parts played by the standard erhu. These parts are also played by the gehu and the bei-da-ge-hu |
|
|
|
| Er-hu | see erhu |
| ERI | abbreviation of Edwardus Rex et Imperator (Latin: Edward King and Emperor) |
| ERIC | abbreviation of 'Educational Resources Information Center' |
| Erikundi | shakers used with the biankomeko drums of the Abakwa people |
| Erin go bragh | (pseudo-Irish, an English invention) Ireland forever! |
| Erinnerungsmotiv | (German n.) reminiscence motif |
| er ist mir unsympathisch | (German) I don't like him |
| Erkencho | a South-American instrument made from the horn of a cow with the smaller blowing end shaped to take a single reed, usually of thin bone |
|
| erklingen | (German) to sound, to resound, to ring |
| erkunden | (German) to sound |
| Erl. | abbreviation of Erläuterung (German: explanatory note) |
| erleben | (German) to experience |
| Erlebnis | (German n.) experience |
| Erleichterung | (German f.) a simplifed version |
| erlehren | (German) to acquire by teaching |
| erloschen | (German) spento (Italian) stinto (Italian), erlöscht (German), éteint (French) |
| erlöschend | (German) becoming weakened, expiring |
| erlöscht | (German) spento (Italian), stinto (Italian), extinguished, very quiet, éteint (French) |
| Ermangelung | (German f.) lack |
| ermattend | (German) tiring, weakening, becoming exhausted |
| ermattet | (German) exhausted, wearied |
| Ermite | (French m.) hermit |
| Ermunterung | (German f.) animation, rousing, excitation |
| ernia del disco | (Italian) slipped disc |
| erniedrigen | (German) to lower (pitch) |
| Erniedrigung | (German f.) the lowering of the pitch of a note |
| Erniedrigungszeichen | (German n.) signe d'abaissement (French m.), a sign that indicates the chromatic lowering of the pitch of a note, i.e. a flat or double flat sign |
| Ernst | (German m.) seriousness |
| ernst | (German) earnest, serious, grave |
| ernste Musik | (German f.) serious music |
| ernsthaft | (German) serious, seriously |
| Ernsthaftigkeit | (German) earnestness, seriousness |
| ernstig | (Dutch) grave |
| ernstlich | (German) earnest, fervent, ardent, grave |
| Ernstlichkeit | (German) earnestness |
| Ernst, und mit steigender Lebhalfigkeit | (German) earnestly and with increasing vivacity |
| éroder | (French) to erode |
| Eröffnung | (German f.) opening, beginning |
| Eröffnungsstück | (German m.) overture |
| eroico (m.), eroica (f.) | (Italian) heroic |
| Érosion | (French f.) erosion |
| Erotic | as an adjective, this word signifies something that is amatory, pertaining to or treating of love |
| as a subjective it designates an amorous poem or composition |
| Erotica | (Italian f.) love-song |
| Erotikon | (German) love-song |
| érotique | (French) erotic |
| Érotisme | (French m.) eroticism |
| Errata | (Latin pl.) a list of printed errors appended to a printed book |
| Erratum (s.), Errata (pl.) | (Latin) error, especially in a printed book |
| errar | (Spanish) to err, to be mistaken |
| errare | (Italian) to err, to be mistaken |
| erregbar | (German) excitable |
| erregen | (German) to excite, to arouse |
| erregend | (German) exciting |
| Erreger | (German m.) a germ (medicine) |
| erregt | (German) concitato (Italian), agitato (Italian), in an agitated and excited manner, expressing emotion, excited, fast, hurried, restless, heated, unruhig (German), agité (French) |
| Erregung | (German f.) excitement, agitation |
| errer | (French) to wander |
| Erreur | (French f.) mistake, error |
| Erreur judiciaire | (French f.) miscarriage of justice |
| erron. | abbreviation of 'erroneous', 'erroneously' |
| erroné | (French) erroneous |
| Errore | (Italian m.) error, mistake, misprint (in printing) |
| Ersatz | (English, French m., German m.) substitute, not genuine, inferior |
| Ersatzteil (s.), Ersatzteile (pl.) | (German n.) spare, spare part |
| Ersatzteilkatalog | (German m.) spare parts catalogue |
| erschallen | (German) to sound, to resound |
| erscheinen | (German) to publish |
| erschüttert | (German) shaken, agitated |
| Erschütterung | (German f.) strong emotion |
| erst (m.), erste (f.) | (German) first, at first |
| Erstarrung | (German f.) stupor, stiffness, torpidity, numbness |
| Erstaunen | (German n.) amazement, astonishment |
| erstaunen | (German) amaze, astonish |
| erstaunlich | (German) amazing |
| Erstausgabe (s.), Erstausgaben (pl.) | (German f.) first edition |
| Erstdruck | (German m.) first edition |
| erste Bewegung | (German) return to the original speed, tempo primo |
| ersteigern | (German) buy at an auction |
| erste Inversion | (German f.) first inversion |
| erste Lage | (German f.) in string playing, first position |
| ersterben | (German) to die away, to fade or become extinct |
| ersterbend | (German) dying away, fading (away), becoming extinct |
| Erster Satz | (German m.) first string |
| erstes Heft | (German) first book, first part |
| erste Partitur | (German f.) first full score |
| ersterbend | (German) dying away, mordeno, en mourant |
| ester Zeitmass | (German f.) original speed, original tempo, tempo primo (Italian) |
| erste Sängerin | (German f.) prima donna |
| erstes Mal | (German n.) first time |
| erstes Zeitmaß | (German n.) original speed, tempo primo |
| erste Violine | (German f.) first violin |
| erste Voraussetzung (für) | (German f.) prior condition (for) |
| erste Vorstellung | (German f.) opening night, first night |
| erste Zählzeit | (German f.) first beat |
| ersticken | (German) to stifle |
| ersticker Schlag | (German m.) muffled stroke, muffled beat (of a drum) |
| erstickt | (German) stifled
[entry corrected by Brian A. Jefferies] |
| erstmals | (German) for the first time |
| ertönen | (German) to sound, to ring out, to resound |
| Érudit (m.), Érudite (f.) | (French) scholar |
| érudit (m.), érudite (f.) | (French) scholarly |
| Érudition | (French f.) scholarship |
| erudito | (Italian) learned |
| Éruption | (French f.) eruption, rash (medical) |
| ERV | abbreviation of 'English Revised Version' (of the Bible) |
| erw. | or erweit., abbreviation of erweitert (German: enlarged, extended) |
| erwachen | (German) to awake |
| Erwachsene (m.), Erwachsener (f.) | (German) adult, grown-up |
| erwachsen | (German) grown-up |
| erwacht | (German) awakened |
| erwägen | (German) to consider |
| Erwägung | (German f.) consideration |
| erwähen | (German) to mention |
| Erwähnung | (German f.) a mention |
| erwärmen | (German) to warm |
| erwärmend | (German) warming up |
| erwarten | (German) to expect, to wait for |
| Erwartung | (German f.) expectation |
| erwartungsvoll | (German) expectant, expectantly |
| erwecken | (German) to waken (figurative), to arouse (figurative), to give (the appearance of) |
| erweckend | (German) wakening, svegliando (Italian), en réveillant (French) |
| Erweckung | (German f.) animation, awaking, excitation |
| erweichen | (German) to soften, to move (figurative) |
| erweisen | (German) to prove, to do |
| erweitern | (German) to widen, to dilate (pupil of the eye), to extend (figurative), to expand |
| erweiternd | (German) amplifying, ampliando (Italian), en agrandissant (French) |
| erweitert | (German) expanded, developed, enlarged, augmented, extended, slower and steadier, broadening
[entry amended by Brian A. Jefferies] |
| erweiterte Harmonie | (German f.) extended harmony |
| erweiterte Kadenz | (German f) or Kadenzerweiterung (German f.) cadential extension
[entry provided by Michael Zapf] |
| Erweiterung | (German f.) extension, enlargement |
| when to the analysis of a fugue, the term Erweiterung indicates the enlargement of one of the intervals of the theme |
| Erwerb | (German m.) acquisition, purchase, livelihood, earnings |
| erwerben | (German) acquire, purchase, gain (figurative) |
| erwerbslos | (German) unemployed |
| erwerbstätig | (German) (gainfully) employed |
| Erwerbung | (German f.) acquisition |
| erwidern | (German) to reply, to return |
| Erwiderung | (German f.) a reply |
| erwirken | (German) to obtain |
| erwischen | (German) to catch (familiar) |
| erwünscht | (German) desired |
| erwürgen | (German) to strangle |
| Erz | (German n.) ore |
| erzählen | (German) to tell, to talk |
| erzählen von | (German) to talk about |
| Erzähler | (German m.) a narrator, a teller, a retailer |
| (German m.) in the organ, a hybrid flue stop with a sound between a flute and a string, usually soft |
| Erzählung | (German f.) narration, narrative, story, tale |
| Erzbischof | (German m.) archbishop |
| erzeugen | (German) to produce, to generate (electricity), to create (figurative) |
| Erzeuger | (German m.) producer, father |
| Erzeugnis | (German n.) product |
| for example, landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse (German: farm produce) |
| Erzeugung | (German f.) production, generation |
| Erzfeind | (German m.) arch-enemy |
| Erzherzog | (German m.) archduke |
| Erziehungsroman | (German m.) a novel concerned with the (emotional) education of its hero |
| Erzlaute | (German f.) archlute, arciliuto (Italian), arcileuto (Italian), archiluth (French), archilaúd (Spanish) |
| erzürnt | (German) stizzito (Italian), adirato (Italian), angry, angered, irate, irritated, annoyed, infuriated, en colère (French) |
| erzwungene Schwingungen | (German pl.) sympathetic vibration(s) |
| ES | abbreviation of 'education specialist' |
| Es, es |
 | | (German n., Dutch) the note 'E flat' |
|
| es. | abbreviation of esempio (Italian: example) |
| Esacordi | plural of esacordo |
| Esacordo | (Italian) the interval of a sixth |
| (Italian) a hexachord |
| esacordo naturale | natural hexachord |
| esacordo duro | hard hexachord |
| esacordo molle | soft hexachord |
|
| esalare | (Italian) to exhale, to breathe out |
| esaltato | (Italian) excited, exalted |
| Esame | (Italian m.) examination, exam |
| Esametro | (Italian m.) hexameter |
| esaminare | (Italian) to examine |
| essata intonazione | (Italian f.) exact intonation |
| Esattezza | (Italian f.) exactness, punctuality, precision |
| esatto (m.), esatta (f.) | (Italian) exact, strict |
| es aufnehmen können mit | (German) to be a match for (figurative) |
| esaurito | (Italian) sold out, out of print |
| ESB | abbreviation of 'electrical stimulation of the brain', 'electric storage battery' |
| ESC | abbreviation of 'English Stage Company' |
| esc. | abbreviation of escompte (French: discount), formerly also escudo (Portuguese monetary unit) |
| Escabeau (s.), Escabeaux (pl.) | (French m.) step-ladder, stool |
| Escadre | (French f.) squadron (naval) |
| Escadrille | (French f.) flight (aviation), squadron |
| Escadron | (French m.) squadron (military) |
| Escala | (Spanish, Catalan f., Portuguese) musical scale, gamme (French) |
| Escala blues | (Spanish f.) blues scale |
| Escala cromática | (Spanish f., Portuguese) chromatic scale, gamme chromatique (French) |
| Escala cromàtica | (Catalan f.) chromatic scale, gamme chromatique (French) |
| Escalade | (French f.) climbing, escalation (politics, business) |
| escalader | (French) to climb |
| Escala de tonos enteros | (Spanish f.) whole-tone scale |
| Escala de tons inteiros | (Portuguese f.) whole-tone scale |
| Escala de un tono completo | (Spanish f.) whole-tone scale |
| Escala diatónica | (Spanish f.) diatonic scale, gamme diatonique (French) |
| Escala diatônica | (Portuguese) diatonic scale, gamme diatonique (French) |
| Escala diatónica fundamental | (Spanish f.) also called escala de do mayor, the scale of C major |
| Escala diatónica menor | (Spanish f.) minor scale |
| Escala diatônica menor | (Portuguese) minor scale |
| Escala dórica | (Spanish f.) Dorian modal scale |
| Escala enarmónica | (Spanish f.) enharmonic scale |
| Escala en modo griego | (Spanish f.) Greek modal scale |
| Escala en modo mayor | (Spanish f.) major scale |
| Escala en modo menor | (Spanish f.) minor scale |
| Escala eolia | (Spanish f.) Aeolian modal scale |
| Escala frigia | (Spanish f.) Phrygian modal scale |
| Escala hexatónica | (Spanish f.) or escala de un tono completo, whole-tone scale |
| Escala hexatônica | (Portuguese f.) whole-tone scale |
| Escala javanesa slendro tradicional | (Spanish f.) traditional Javanese slendro scale |
| Escala jónica | (Spanish f.) Ionian modal scale |
| Escala locria | (Spanish f.) Locrian modal scale |
| Escala maior | (Portugese) major scale |
| Escala mayor | (Spanish f.) major scale |
| Escala mayor armónica | (Spanish f.) harmonic major scale |
| Escala mayor melódica | (Spanish f.) melodic major scale |
| Escala mayor pentatónica | (Spanish f.) pentatonic major scale |
| Escala menor | (Spanish f., Portuguese) minor scale |
| Escala menor armónica | (Spanish f.) harmonic minor scale |
| Escala menor eólica | see escala menor natural |
| Escala menor melódica | (Spanish f.) melodic minor scale |
| Escala menor natural | (Spanish f.) or escala menor eólica, natural minor scale |
| Escala menor pentatónica | (Spanish f.) pentatonic minor scale |
| Escala microtonal | (Spanish f.) microtonal scales |
| Escala mixolidia | (Spanish f.) Mixolydian modal scale |
| Escala modal | (Spanish f.) modal scale |
| Escala musical | (Spanish f.) musical scale |
| Escala octatónica | (Spanish f.) octotonic scale |
| Escala pentatónica | (Spanish f.) pentatonic scale |
| Escala relativa | (Spanish f.) relative scale (for example, A minor and C major, so called because they are constructed using the same notes) |
| Escala siamesa tradicional | (Spanish f.) traditional Siamese scale |
| Escala tailandesa tradicional | (Spanish f.) traditional Thai scale |
| Escalator | (English, French m.) moving stairway |
| Escale | (French f.) stopover of a fight), port of call |
| escaleras arriba | (Spanish) upstairs |
| Escales | (Catalan f. pl.) (musical) scales |
| Escalier | (French m.) stairs |
| Escalier mécanique | (French m.) escalator |
| Escalier roulant | (French m.) escalator |
| Escalope | (French f.) escalope |
| escamotable | (French) retractable (technical) |
| escamoter | (French) make vanish, dodge (evade) |
| Escapement | the mechanism in a piano that allows the hammer to 'escape' after a string has been struck, so leaving the string to vibrate. Double escapement allows a hammer to strike a second time without waiting for the key to rise to its normal position of rest |
| a mechanism that regulates the use of mechanical energy, found, for example, in weight-driven orchestrions |
| Escape note | or 'escape tone', non-harmonic note (tone), the opposite of an appoggiatura, being approached by a tone (whole step) or semitone (half step) and resolving to a chord note by a leap |
| Escape tone | see 'escape note' |
| Escargot | (French m.) snail (particularly one that is edible) |
| Escarmouche | (French f.) skirmish |
| escarpé | (French) steep |
| Escarpin | (French m.) pump |
| Escena | (Spanish f.) stage |
| eschat. | abbreviation of 'eschatology' |
| Eschatology | (Greek eschaton, 'last', and logos, 'word') the science of the end of the world and beginning of a new world, and of the last things, death and resurrection |
| Eschequier | in 1360 King Edward III of England gave King John of France, a prisoner at that time, an instrument made by Jehan Perrot called eschequier. Guillaume de Machault did not include the eschequier in his detailed inventory, Li temps pascour, written in 1340. In 1377 Machault does refer to the eschaquir d' Engleterre in his poem La Prise d' Alexandrie. Eugene Deschamps mentions the eschequier in 1378. In 1388 King John of Aragon wrote his brother-in-law, Philippe the Bold, to send him an instrument which he describes as similar to the organ but sounding with strings which he calls exaquier. In 1511 the Duke of Lothringen buys an instrument described as faisant l'echiquier, orgues, espinette et fluctes, meaning that it should consist of a small organ, a spinet, and an eschicquier. There are no pictures, detailed descriptions, or examples of an eschaquier in existence but some deductions can be made. It had keys and strings, therefore was not an organ. The strings were not plucked because the last example refers to an instrument consisting of a spinet as well as an organ, and an eschicquier. A spinet is a small strung instrument which uses quills to pluck the strings. In 1404, Eberhard Cersne of Minden mentions a schachbrett which is German for eschaquier. Cersne notes differences between the clavichordium and the schachbrett by describing them separately. It was likely, therefore, a hammer action. The last known mention of this instrument is in 1560 by Antonius Arena, who mentions the exacherium as a dance instrument.
|
| see dulce melos |
|
| esclamato | (Italian) exclaimed |
| Esclamazione | (Italian f.) exclamations, a feature of early Italian song |
| Esclandre | (French m.) a 'scene' (disturbance), a public scandal |
| Esclavage | (French m.) slavery |
| Esclave | (French m./f.) slave |
| ESCO | also UNESCO, abbreviation of 'Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation' of the UN |
| Escobero | (Uruguay) the young man who leads the tambores through the streets, dancing with a headless broomstick twirling behind his back and up and down his arms, also called escobillero |
| Escobilla | in flamenco, a dance step that mirrors the sweeping movement of a broom. Originally, escobillas referred to the small brushing steps which allowed female dancers to disply the beauty of their feet and arms, but today, the term refers also to an extended sequence of footwork combinations including heelwork designed to demonstrate the proficiency of the dancer |
| Escocesa | (Spanish f.) écossaise |
| escogidamente | (Spanish) discerningly |
| escogido (m.), escogida (f.) | (Spanish) chosen, selected, choice, select |
| Escogimiento | (Spanish m.) choice, selection, pick, choosing, selecting, picking |
| Escolania | (Spanish f.) (church) choir |
| Escolar | (Spanish m./f.) schoolboy, schoolgirl |
| escolar | (Spanish) scholastic, school |
| Escolaridad | (Spanish f.) schooling, education |
| escolástico (m.), escolástica (f.) | (Spanish) scholastic |
| Escollo | (Spanish m.) reef, rock, pitfall (figurative), snag (figurative) |
| Escompte | (French m.) discount |
| escompter | (French) to expect, to discount (commerce) |
| Escondido | an Argentine dance called escondido where the female partner hides from the male |
| Escorregar | (Portuguese) to slide |
| Escorte | (French f.) escort |
| escorter | (French) to escort |
| Escorteur | (French m.) escort (ship) |
| Escouade | (French f.) squad |
| Escrime | (French f.) fencing |
| Escrimeur (m.), Escrimeuse (f.) | (French) fencer |
| Escritoire | (French) a writing desk, a bureau, a secrétaire |
| Escritura | (Spanish f.) writing, script, alphabet, deed document |
| Escritura a máquina | (Spanish f.) typing |
| Escritura de propiedad | (Spanish f.) title deeds |
| Escritura fonética | (Spanish f.) phonetic script, writing (of a person), handwriting |
| Escritura orquestal | (Spanish f.) orchestral writing |
| Escroc | (French m.) swindler |
| escroquer | (French) to swindle |
| Escroquerie | (French f.) swindle |
| Escuela | (Spanish f.) school |
| Escuela alemana | (Spanish f.) German school |
| Escuela de polifonía española | (Spanish f.) Spanish school of polyphony |
| Escuela de Notre Dame | (Spanish f.) Notre Dame school (organum) |
| Escuela de san Marcial | (Spanish f.) a school of organum, based near Limoges, France, noted for its melismatic style |
| Escuela normale | (Spanish f.) teacher-training college |
| Escuelas de samba | (Portuguese f. pl., literally 'samba schools') they have provided the vibrant rhythms of the Rio de Janeiro Carnaval since 1917, the music, an energetic mixture of Angolan semba, European polka and African batuques, developed in Brazil as a result of the arrival of black Brazilians in Rio's slums |
| escuela veneciana | (Spanish f.) Venetian school (a term applied to Venetian music of the 16th- and 17th-centuries by composer such as the Gabrielis, Schütz, etc.) |
| Escutcheon | a decorative metal pieces usually adorning a keyhole or handle, for example, on the lid of lockable piano lids, etc. |
| Esda | abbreviation of 'electrostatic deposition (or document) analysis', as in the Edsa test |
| es dabei belassen | (German) to leave it at that |
| es dabei bewendenlassen | (German) to leave it at that |
| es decir | (Spanish) that is to say |
| Esdoorn | (Dutch) Ahorn (German m.), Érable (French m.), legno di acero (Italian m.), maple |
| Es-Dur |
 | (German n.) the key of 'E flat major' |
|
| Esecutore (m.), Esecutrice (f.) | (Italian) performer |
| Esecuzione | (Italian f.) execution, performance, musical performance, orchestration, implementation, carrying out |
| Esecuzione completa | (Italian f.) complete performance |
| Esecuzione d'insieme | (Italian f.) ensemble music |
| Esecuzione di un concerto | (Italian f.) concert performance |
| Esecuzione musicale | (Italian f.) musical performance |
| eseguire | (Italian) to perform (music) |
| Eselsohren haben | (German) to be dog-eared (about a book) |
| Esempio | (Italian m.) example, model, pattern, copy |
| Esemplare | (Italian m.) copy |
| Esercizio (s.), Esercizi (pl.) | (Italian m.) exercise(s) |
| Esercizio vocale | (Italian m.) vocal exercise |
| Eses, eses |
 | | (German n.) the note 'E double flat' |
|
| esférico | (Spanish) spherical |
| esforzando | (Spanish) sf, sfz, sforzando |
| ESG | in engineering, abbreviation of 'English Standard Gauge' |
| es geht bergauf | (German) things are looking up (figurative) |
| E sharp |  |
| mi diesis (Italian), Eis (German), mi dièse (French), the sharpened third degree of the scale of C major. This note has no solfggio name because the pitch is the same as that of the subdominant or fourth note (F) in the 'fixed do' system. However, 'E sharp' is necessary in certain instances such as the key of 'F sharp major' where 'E sharp' is the seventh note (subtonic or leading tone), or 'D sharp minor', where 'E sharp' is the second note (supertonic) |
|
| E sharp major | the key of 'E sharp major', enharmonically equivalent to the key of 'F major' |
 | | the scale of 'E sharp major' |
|
| E sharp minor | the key of 'E sharp minor', enharmonically equivalent to the key of 'F minor' |
| es hat zu unterbleiben | (German) it must stop |
| esibire | (Italian) to exhibit, to produce (documents) |
| esibirsi | (Italian) to perform (in the theatre) |
| Esibizione | (Italian f.) exhibition, production, performance |
| esitamento | (Italian) hesitation |
| esitando | (Italian) hesitating |
| (Italian) irresolutely |
| [information provided by Wesselin Christoph Karaatanassov] |
| esitante | (Italian) hesitating |
| E-sitar | a 17-string sitar neck, attached to a custom made electric guitar style body. All regular and sympathetic strings are steel, so that the sound can be amplified by the magnetic pickup system. It is played like a standard sitar, as the design puts the instrument in the correct playing position while strapped on, allowing the player freedom of movement |
|
| Esitazione | (Italian) hesitation |
| Esitysmerkki | (Finnish) expression marks |
| Esk. | abbreviation of 'Eskimo' |
| es kann stimmen | (German) it may be true |
| Eskista | (Ethiopia) or eskeusta, a dance during which one raises the chest and shakes the shoulders |
| the feeling that accompanies a trance achieved by this dance |
| eskonnte nicht ausbleiben | (German) it was inevitable |
| Eskusoinu | see trikitixa |
| ESL | abbreviation of 'English as a second language' |
| es-Moll |
 | (German n.) the key of 'E flat minor' |
|
| es mutet mich seltsam an | (German) it seems odd to me |
| es mutet mich vertraut an | (German) it seems familiar to me |
| esn. | or esntl, abbreviation of 'essential' |
| eso aparte | (Spanish) apart from that, aside from that |
| ESOL | abbreviation of 'English for speakers of other languages' |
| eso no admite discusión | (Spanish) there can be no argument about that |
| esornare | (Italian) to adorn, to embellish |
| Esoteric music | specialized music designed for an elite audience that cannot understand or perform the music without special training |
| esotico (m.), esotica (f.) | (Italian) exotic |
| ESP | abbreviated form of 'extrasensory perception' |
| Esp. | abbreviation of Espagne (French: Spain), España (Spanish: Spain), Esperanto |
| esp. | abbreviated form of espressivo (Italian: expressively), 'especially' |
| Espace | (French m.) space, for example, that between the lines on the staff |
| Espace insécable | (French m.) no-break space |
| espacer | (French) to space out |
| Espaces verts | (French m.) gardens, parks |
| Espacio | (Spanish m.) space, for example, that between the lines on the staff |
| Espadrille | (French f.) rope sandals |
| Espagne | (French f.) Spain |
| espagne | (French) Spanish |
| Espagnol (m.), Espagnole (f.) | (French) Spaniard |
| espagnol (m.), espagnole (f.) | (French) Spanish |
| Espagnolette | (French f.) (window) catch |
| Espagnolo (m.), Espagnola (f.) | (Italian) Spaniard |
| espagnolo (m.), espagnola (f.) | (Italian) Spanish |
| Espagnuolo (m.), Espagnuola (f.) | (Italian) Spaniard |
| espagnuolo (m.), espagnuola (f.) | (Italian) Spanish |
| Espai | (Catalan m.) space (between the lines on the staff) |
| España Cañi | (Spanish) Spanish Gypsy song by Pascual Marquina Narro (1873-1948), the basis for a significant number of paso doble songs |
| espandendosi | (Italian) with growing intensity, extending, getting broader and fuller |
| Español | (Spanish m.) Spaniard, Spanish (language) |
| español | (Spanish) Spanish |
| españolizado | (Spanish) Hispanicized |
| Espátula | (Spanish f.) palette knife (used in painting) |
| Espèce | (French f.) kind, sort, species |
| Espèces | (French f. pl.) cash (money) |
| especial | (Spanish) special |
| Especie (s.) Especies (pl.) | (Spanish f. pl.) kind, dort, specie |
| (Spanish) piece of news |
| Especificación | (Spanish f.) specification |
| Especimen | (Spanish m.) sample |
| Espectáculo | (Spanish m.) pageant, entertainment |
| Espectáculo de variedades | (Spanish m.) music-hall, variety show |
| Espectador | (Spanish m./f.) spectator |
| Espérance | (French f.) hope |
| Esperanza | (Spanish f.) hope |
| espérer | (French) to hope for, to hope |
| espérer en | (French) to have faith in |
| espérer faire | (French) to hope to do, to hope |
| espérer que | (French) to hope to that |
| esperto | (Italian) skilful, expert |
| espiègle | (French) mischievous, sprightly, roguish |
| Espièglerie | (French) mischievousness, playfulness, roguishness |
| Espineta | (Portuguese f.) spinet |
| Espineta Virginal | (Portuguese f.) spinet virginal or virginals |
| Espion (m.), Espionne (f.) | (French) spy |
| Espionnage | (French m.) espionage, spying |
| espionner | (French) to spy, to spy on |
| espirando | (Italian) fading away, expiring, dying away, spirando, en expirant |
| (Italian) breathing deeply, with anxious endeavour |
| espirar | (Spanish) to breathe out |
| Esplanade | (English, French f.) long open level area for walking on, usually beside the sea |
| Espoir | (French m.) hope |
| espontáneamente | (Spanish) spontaneously |
| Espontaneidad | (Spanish f.) spontaneity |
| espontaneo | (Spanish) spontaneous |
| Esposa | (Spanish f.) wife |
| Esposo | (Spanish m.) husband |
| espr. | abbreviated form of espressivo (Italian: expressively) |
| espres. | or express., abbreviated form of espressivo (Italian: expressively) |
| Espressione | (Italian f.) expression. feeling |
| espressivo | (Italian) expressively, with feeling |
| Esprit | (French m.) spirit, mind (intellect), wit (humour), intelligence |
| from the sixteenth century on, for French authors the ruling part of the human soul was called the esprit, and the word was understood as denoting the mind, including reason and will |
|
| Esprit de corps | (French m.) the loyalty of the members of some body, association, etc., to their common traditions and interests |
| Esprit de notaire | (French m.) the soul of a lawyer, a pettifogging mind, a tendency to be overmuch concerned with trivial detail |
| Esprit d'escalier | (French m.) a witty remark or telling retort which comes to mind only after the occasion for its use has passed |
| Esprit fort | (French m.) a free-thinker |
| Esprit gaulois | (French m.) a spirit of mocking criticism |
| Esprit laïc | (French m.) an attitude of mind hostile to clerical or doctrinal influence (particularly, in educational institutions) |
| Esprit libre | (French m.) an untrammed spirit, freedom from care |
| Esq. | abbreviated form of 'Esquire', used in correspondence |
| esqo | abbreviated form of esquerdo (Portuguese: left) |
| Esquema | (Spanish m.) outline |
| Esquemático | (Spanish) sketchy |
| Esquerdo | (Portuguese) left |
| Esquimau, Esquimaude | (French) Eskimo |
| Esquimaux | (French m. pl.) Eskimo |
| esquinter | (French) to ruin |
| Esquisse | (French f.) the firts rough sketch for a picture, the first rough model for a statue, a suggestion (figurative) |
| esquisser | (French) to sketch, to make an attempt at |
| Esquive | (French f.) dodge (sport) |
| esquiver | (French) to dodge |
| Esraj | North Indian bowed instrument with 20 metal frets and 12 to 15 sympathetic strings, the base of the instrument is like a saringda while the neck and strings are like a sitar. It gives a sound very much like a sarangi without being as difficult to play. This instrument is often confused with dilruba because both are similar in construction and have a similar playing technique |
|
| ess. | abbreviated form of 'essence', essential' |
| Essai | (French m.) testing, test (prove), trial, try (attempt), essay (article) |
| Essaim | (French m.) swarm |
| essaimer | (French) to swarm, to spread (figurative) |
| Essayage | (French m.) fitting (of clothes) |
| essayer | (French) to try, to try on (clothes), to try out (car, etc.) |
| essayer de faire | (French) to try to do |
| esse | (Latin) essential nature, mere existance (as opposed to bene esse) |
| Essempio | see esempio |
| Essence | (French f.) petrol, gas (US) |
| essence (extract, nature) |
| Essential (s.), Essentials (pl.) | any sharp or flat that belongs to the current key signature |
| a sharp or flat than does not belong to the key signature is called an 'accidental' |
| Essential dissonance | dissonance that is essential to the harmony |
| Essential harmony | the fundamental triads of a particular key |
| a musical work stripped of all figuration and ornaments |
| Essential note | nota principale (Italian), Hauptnote (German), wesentliche Note (German), note intégrante (French), note réelle (French), note constitutive (French) |
| a note that belongs to the sequences of thirds that make up triads and seventh, ninth or eleventh chords, as distinct from any accidental, ornamental or passing note |
| Essential seventh | the leading note, the leading tone |
| dominant seventh |
| essentiel, l' | (French m.) the main thing, the main part |
| essentiel (m.), essentielle (f.) | (French) essential |
| essentiellement | (French) essentially |
| Essercizio | (Italian f.) alternative spelling of esercizio |
| essere all'asciutto | (Italian) to be hard up (figurative) |
| essere all'avanguardia | (Italian) to be in the forefront |
| essere ben disposto verso | (Italian) to be favourably disposed towards |
| essere diretto a | (Italian) to be going to |
| essere in apprensione per | (Italian) to be anxious about |
| essere in auge | (Italian) to be popular |
| essere in ballo | (Italian) to be at stake (figurative) |
| essere in bolletta | (Italian) to be hard up |
| essere in difetto | (Italian) to be at fault |
| essere in discesa | (Italian) to go downhill |
| Essieu (s.), Essieux (pl.) | (French m.) axle |
| Essor | (French m.) expansion |
| essorer | (French) to spin-dry (wet washing), to wring (cloth, washing, etc.) |
| Essoreuse | (French f.) spin-drier |
| essouflé | (French) breathless, affannato (Italian), atemlos (German) |
| essouffler | (French) to make breathless |
| Essuie-glace | (French m.) windscreen wiper |
| Essuie-mains | (French m.) hand-towel |
| essuyer1 | (French) to wipe |
| (French) to suffer |
| EST | abbreviated form of 'Eastern Standard Time' (US and Canadian time zone) |
| Est. | abbreviated form of 'Established', 'Estonia |
| est. | abbreviated form of 'established', 'estimate', 'estimated', 'estimation', 'estimator', 'estuary' |
| Estación | (Spanish f.) season (time of the year) |
| Estación balnearia | (Spanish f.) seaside resort |
| Estadistica | (Spanish f.) statistics |
| Estadistico (m.), Estadistica (f.) | (Spanish) statistician |
| estadistico (m.), estadistica (f.) | (Spanish) statistical |
| Estado | (Spanish m.) state, condition, return summary, status, rank, class, estate (state) |
| Estado civil | (Spanish m.) married state |
| Estado de ánimo | (Spanish m.) frame of mind |
| Estado de cuentas | (Spanish m.) statement of accounts |
| Estado de salud | (Spanish m.) state of health |
| Estado sólido | (Spanish m.) solid state (device) |
| Estados Unidos | (Spanish pl.) United States |
| estadounidense | (Spanish) American (particularly pertaining to the United States of America), United States |
| estallar en llanto | (Spanish) to burst into tears |
| estallar de risa | (Spanish) to burst out laughing |
| Estaminet | (French) a small public-house |
| Estampa | (Spanish f.) press |
| estampado | (Spanish) printed |
| estampar | (Spanish) to print, to publish |
| Estampe | (French f.) print |
| Estampida | (Provençal) estampie |
| Estampido | (Spanish m.) bang |
| Estampie | a poetic and musical genre, from the time of the troubadour, related to the sequence, it is sometimes found without words and is believed to have been danced. Eight examples of this form survive, all in a triple meter. An estampie consists of between 4 and 7 verses (called puncta); each verse is repeated, and all share the same alternate endings. That is, an estampie with 4 verses (A, B, C, D) and two endings (1, called ouvert, and 2, called clos) would be played in the following order: A 1 A 2 B 1 B 2 C 1 C 2 D 1 D 2. Further, both the verses and the endings can vary in length within a single piece (suggesting that the dance was not regular); surviving examples range from 8 to 20 measures in length per verse. [Mensural notation was not used in these manuscripts; this refers to the number of measures in a modern transcription.] The range of these melodies is generally about a tenth |
|
|
| estampillado | (Spanish m.) rubber stamping |
| Estampille | (French f.) stamp |
| Estampita | (Spanish f.) religious print |
| es tagt | (German) day is breaking |
| Estañadura | (Spanish f.) tin-plating |
| estancarse | (Spanish) to stagnate, to become stagnant, to stagnate (figurative), to get bogged down |
| Estancia | (Spanish f.) stanza |
| (Spanish, Latin-America) a cattle-farm |
| Estándar | (Spanish m.) standard (the original form of a popular song, as opposed to an arrangement) |
| estándar | (Spanish) standard, standardized |
| Estándarización | (Spanish f.) standardization |
| Estaño | (Spanish m.) tin |
| Estante | (Spanish m.) shelf, rack, stand |
| (Spanish m.) post, pillar |
| Estante para libros | (Spanish m.) bookcase |
| Estanteria | (Spanish f.) shelves, bookcase |
| estar borracho | (Spanish) to be drunk |
| estarcir | (Spanish) stencil |
| estar de buenas | (Spanish) to be in a good mood |
| estar descompuesto | (Spanish) to have diarrhoea |
| estar deseoso de | (Spanish) to be eager to |
| estar desfasado | (Spanish) to have jet-lag |
| estar en ascuas | (Spanish) to be on tenterhooks |
| estar en ayunas | (Spanish, literally 'be on a fast') to be in the dark (figurative) |
| estar en babia | (Spanish) to have one's head in the clouds |
| estar en boga | (Spanish) to be in fashion, to be in vogue |
| estar en desgracia | (Spanish) to be unfortunate |
| estar en la brecha | (Spanish) to be in the thick of it |
| estar gravado | (Spanish) to be mortgaged |
| estar hecho un asco | (Spanish) to be disgusting |
| estar mal de la azotea | (Spanish) to be mad |
| estar que arde | (Spanish) to be very tense |
| estar que bota | (Spanish) to be hopping mad |
| estar que brinca | (Spanish) to be hopping mad |
| estar que bufa | (Spanish) to be hopping mad |
| estar sobre aviso | (Spanish) to be on the alert |
| es taut | (German) it is thawing |
Este I, Alfonso d'
(1486-1534) | son of Ercole, Alfonso brought some of the most famous musicians of the time to his court to work as composers, instrumentalists and singers. Musicians from northern Europe who worked at Ferrara during his reign included Antoine Brumel and Adrian Willaert, the latter of whom was to become the founder of the Venetian School, something which could not have happened without Alfonso's patronage |
|
Este I, Ercole d'
(1431-1505) | Ercole was successful in setting up a musical establishment which was for a few years the finest in Europe, overshadowing the Vatican chapel itself. For the next century, Ferrara was to retain the character of a centre of avant-garde music with a decidedly secular emphasis. In music history, Ercole was one of the Italian nobles most responsible for bringing the talented Franco-Flemish musicians from northern Europe into Italy. The most famous composers of Europe either worked for him, were commissioned by him, or dedicated music to him, including Alexander Agricola, Jacob Obrecht, Heinrich Isaac, Adrian Willaert, and Josquin Desprez, whose Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae not only is dedicated to him, but is based on a theme drawn from the syllables of the Duke's name |
|
Este II, Alfonso d'
(1533-1597) | He raised the glory of Ferrara to its highest point, and was the patron of Torquato Tasso and Giovanni Battista Guarini, favouring the arts and sciences, as the princes of his house had always done. Luzzasco Luzzaschi served as his court organist. In addition, he was the sponsor of the Concerto delle donne, a type of group which was to be copied all over Italy |
|
| Estemporale | (Italian) extemporaneous |
| Estemporaneo | (Italian) extemporaneous |
| estendendo | (Italian) extending, ausdehnend |
| estenuandosi | (Italian) becoming exhausted, wearing out |
| Estensione | (Italian f.) compass, range |
| Estensione vocale | (Italian f.) vocal range |
| estenuandosi | (Italian) getting exhausted |
| Estera | (Spanish f.) rush mat |
| Estéreo | (Portuguese m., Spanish m.) stereo |
| Estereofonía | (Spanish f.) stereo |
| Estereofónica | (Spanish) stereo, stereophonic |
| estereotipar | (Spanish) to stereotype |
| Estereotipo | (Spanish m.) stereotype |
| Esterilla | Colombian percussion instrument that resembles a small placemat. It is formed by small round pieces of wood that are woven together. When bent or rubbed, it makes a percussive sound |
| esternare | (Italian) to disclose, to show openly, to reveal, to manifest |
| esternare un sospetto | (Italian) to voice |
| esternarsi | (Italian) to open one's mind, to open one's heart |
| Esterno | (Italian m.) outside, day-boy (school) |
| esterno | (Italian) external, outward, exterior, outward |
| esterrefatto | (Italian) terrified |
| esteso | (Italian) extensive, wide, large |
| estética | (Portuguese) aesthetic |
| Estètico | (Italian f.) aesthetics |
| estètico | (Italian) aesthetic |
| estético | (Spanish) aesthetic |
| estg | abbreviated form of 'estimating' |
| Esthète | (French m./f.) aesthete |
| Esthéticien (m.), Esthéticienne (f.) | (French) a specialist in beauty treatment |
| esthétique | (French) aesthetic |
| Estheticism | see 'aestheticism' |
| estilarse | (Spanish) to be in vogue, to be in fashion |
| Estilete | (Spanish m.) stylus, stiletto, probe (medicine) |
| Estilistica | (Spanish f.) stylistics |
| estilistico (m.), estilistica (f.) | (Spanish) stylistic |
| Estilista | (Spanish m./f.) stylist |
| Estilización | (Spanish f.) styling |
| estilizado | (Spanish) stylized |
| estilizar | (Spanish) to stylize |
| Estilo | (Portuguese, Spanish m.) style, manner, fashion, speech, stroke (swimming), stylus |
| Estilo de jazz | (Spanish m.) jazz-style, for example, 'bebop' |
| Estilo directo | (Spanish m.) direct speech |
| Estilográfica | (Spanish f.) fountain-pen |
| Estilo indirecto | (Spanish m.) indirect speech |
| estimable | (French) worthy |
| Estimation | (French f.) valuation, estimation (calculation) |
| Estime | (French f.) esteem |
| estimer | (French) to value (of an object), to estimate (calculate), to esteem (respect), to consider |
| Estimulo | (Spanish m.) encouragement (figurative), incentive (for example, financial) |
| estinguendo | (Italian, literally 'extinguished') die away, become extinct |
| estinguendosi | (Italian) spegnendo (Italian), extinguishing, dying away, verlöschend (German), auslöschend (German), en éteignant (French) |
| estinte | (Italian, literally 'extinguished') as soft as possible, the ultimate degree of pianissimo |
| estinto | (Italian, literally 'extinguished') or spento (Italian), as soft as possible, the ultimate degree of pianissimo |
| (Italian) gradually softer and slower |
| (Italian) deceased |
| Estintore (d'incendi) | (Italian m.) fire extinguisher |
| Estinzione | (Italian f.) extinction, slaking (thirst), quenching (thirst), paying off (debt) |
| Estio | (Spanish m.) summer |
| Estipendio | (Spanish m.) stipend, fee, remuneration |
| Estival (s.), Estivaux (pl.) | (French m.) summer |
| Estivant (m.), Estivante (f.) | (French) summer visitor, holiday-maker |
| estn | abbreviated form of 'estimation' |
| Estojo | (Portuguese) case |
| Estomac | (French m.) stomach |
| estomaqué | (French) stunned |
| estompé | (French) toned down |
| Estrade | (French f.) rostrum, platform |
| Estrado | (Spanish m.) stage, bandstand |
| es traf sich, daß | (German) it so happened that |
| Estragon | (French m.) tarragon (herb) |
| Estratto | (Italian m.) offprint |
| Estravagante | (Italian) extravagant, a composition of a wild and erratic type |
| Estravaganza | (Italian f.) extravagance, a composition of a wild and erratic type |
| Estrella | (Spanish f.) star (in the theatre, cinema, etc.) |
| estremamente | (Italian) extremely, very much |
| Estrenarse | (Spanish) to make one's début, to have its première, to open (of a play in the theatre) |
| Estreno | (Spanish m.) première, first night, opening night |
| Estrepito | (Spanish m.) din |
| estrepitoso | (Spanish) noisy |
| Estribilho | (Portuguese) a popular Portuguese song in compound duple meter |
| Estribillo | (Spanish m.) from the seventeenth century, a vocal refrain or chorus, the term applies particularly to the vocal choruses of the son style |
| (Spanish m.) catchphrase |
| estridente | (Spanish) strident, raucous |
| estrinciendo | (Italian) playing a passage with force and precision |
| Estrinienda | (Italian) an extreme legato |
| Estrofa | (Spanish f.) strophe |
| Estropié (m.), Estropiée (f.) | (French) cripple |
| estropier | (French) to cripple, to mangle (figurative) |
| Estro poetico | (Italian m.) poetic fervor or inspiration, imaginative power in a composer |
| Estructura | (Spanish f.) framework, structure |
| Estructura rítmica | (Spanish f.) rhythmic structure |
| Estruendo | (Spanish m.) din, uproar |
| estruendoso | (Spanish) deafening |
| Estrutura | (Portuguese) framework, structure |
| Estrutural | (Portuguese) structural |
| Estuaire | (French m.) estuary |
| Estudante | (Portuguese) student |
| Estudiante | (Spanish m./f.) student |
| estudiantin (m.), estudiantine (f.) | (French) student |
| Estudiantino (m.), Estudiantina (f.) | (Spanish) in the style of students |
| Estudio | (Spanish m.) study, étude (French) |
| Estúdio | (Portuguese) studio |
| Estúdio caseiro | (Portuguese) home studio |
| Estudio de Fonologia Musical | in 1958, with Fausto Maranca and some schematics from the Studio di Fonologia in Milan, Francisco Kröpfl founded the Estudio de Fonologia Musical, the first electronic music lab in Latin America. It was situated within the structure and physical space of the Acoustics Laboratory at the School of Architecture at the University of Buenos Aires |
|
| estudo | (Portuguese) study, practise |
| Esturgeon | (French m.) sturgeon |
| Esukuti | term for both drum and dance in Kenya |
| Esultazione | (Italian f.) exultation, in a joyful rejoicing style |
| es weit bringen | (German) to go far (figurative) |
| es wird Tag | (German) it is getting light |
| es zu bunt treiben | (German) to go too far |
| Et | (Danish, Norwegian) one |
| et | (French, Latin) and |
| e.t. | abbreviation of 'educational therapy', 'electric telegraph', 'English text', 'English translation' |
| ETA | abbreviated form of 'estimated time of arrival', 'European Teachers' Association' |
| Étab. | abbreviated form of Établissement (French: business establishment) |
| Étable | (French f.) cow-shed |
| établi | (French) established |
| Établi | (French m.) work-bench |
| établir | (French) to establish, to draw up (list, etc.), to set up (camp, person, etc.) |
| Établissement | (French m.) establishment (institution) |
| Étage | (French m.) floor, storey, stage (rocket) |
| Étagère | (French f.) a set of light, open shelves, either on legs or attached to the wall like a hanging bookcase, a what-not |
| a minor or unspecified object or article, a what-not |
| Étai | (French m.) prop, buttress |
| Étain | (French m.) pewter |
| et ainsi de suite | (French) and so forth, and so on |
| Étal (s.), Étals (pl.) | (French m.) stall |
| et al. | abbreviated form of et alibi (Latin: and elsewhere), et alii (Latin: and others) |
| Étalage | (French m.) a display (particularly, in a shop window), shop-window |
| Étal |